Elucidating the interaction of antidepressant drug paroxetine with ct-dsDNA: A comparative study by electrochemical, spectroscopic, and molecular docking approaches

This study is designed to investigate the interaction of phenylpiperidine derivative drug paroxetine, which is an effective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and biomolecules through electrochemical, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking methods. The interaction between paroxetine and biomolecules was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry according to the decrease in deoxyguanosine anodic oxidation signal of double-stranded calf thymus DNA. Fluorescence spectroscopy studies were performed by titrating paroxetine against double-stranded calf thymus DNA solution at four different temperatures. The fluorescent results showed that paroxetine had a great affinity to bind with double-stranded calf thymus DNA. Interaction studies demonstrate that paroxetine binds to double-stranded calf thymus DNA via intercalation binding mode, and the binding constant values ​​were calculated as 7.24 × 10⁴ M^-1 and 1.52 × 10⁴ M^-1 at 25 °C, based on voltammetric and spectroscopic results, respectively. Moreover, with the aim of elucidating the interaction mechanism between paroxetine and double-stranded calf thymus DNA, electrochemical and fluorescence spectroscopy studies along with molecular docking analysis were made.

Evaluation of the Interaction of Cinacalcet with Calf Thymus dsDNA: Use of Electrochemical, Spectrofluorimetric, and Molecular Docking Methods

The binding of drugs to DNA plays a critical role in new drug discovery and is important for designing better drugs. In this study, the interaction and binding mode of calf-thymus double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-dsDNA) with cinacalcet (CIN) from the calcimimetic drug that mimics the action of calcium on tissues group were investigated. The interaction of CIN with ct-dsDNA was observed by the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique by following the decrease in electrochemical oxidation signals to deoxyguanosine and adenosine. A competitive study was performed on an indicator, methylene blue, to investigate the interaction of the drug with ct-dsDNA by fluorescence spectroscopy. Interaction studies have shown that the binding mode for the interaction of CIN with ct-dsDNA could be groove-binding. According to the results obtained, the binding constant values were found to be 6.30 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ and 3.16 × 10⁵ M⁻¹, respectively, at 25 °C as obtained from the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and spectroscopic techniques. Possible molecular interactions of CIN with dsDNA were explored via molecular docking experiments. The docked structure indicated that CIN could fit well into the minor groove of the DNA through H-bonding and π-π stacking contact with CIN.

A Review on Electrochemical and Optical Sensing Platform Based on Ionic Liquids for Different Molecules Determination

Since the investigation of the properties of ionic liquids, there has been an increasing interest in these materials in the field of sensors area due to their unique properties. The electrochemical and radiolytic stability of ionic liquids are prerequisites for using ionic liquids. In addition, a large number of ionic liquids can be synthesized with the combination of different anions and cations. Therefore, they are preferred to fabricate the electrochemical, optical sensors, and biosensors or used in electrolyte solutions as they promise a facile and low-cost way to examine the analytes due to their properties such as increasing the conductivity, optical properties, and stability, lowering the detection limit, facilitating the electron transfer and increasing the effective surface area of the electrode and sensor platform. All of those properties are powered with the use of nanomaterials in the modification of the sensors. In this review, general information about the properties of ionic liquids were given. Moreover, the recent developments in electrochemical and optical sensor applications in the last five years were summarized. Finally, the utilization of ionic liquids and nanomaterials in the modification of the sensor platform and the advances of the proposed sensors for the analyses taking place in different molecules were discussed.