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de la Fuente-Herreruela D, Monnappa AK, Muñoz-Úbeda M, Morallón-Piña A, Enciso E, Sánchez L, Giusti F, Natale P, López-Montero I. Lipid-peptide bioconjugation through pyridyl disulfide reaction chemistry and its application in cell targeting and drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:77. [PMID: 31226993 PMCID: PMC6587267 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The design of efficient drug delivery vectors requires versatile formulations able to simultaneously direct a multitude of molecular targets and to bypass the endosomal recycling pathway of cells. Liposomal-based vectors need the decoration of the lipid surface with specific peptides to fulfill the functional requirements. The unspecific binding of peptides to the lipid surface is often accompanied with uncontrolled formulations and thus preventing the molecular mechanisms of a successful therapy. Results We present a simple synthesis pathway to anchor cysteine-terminal peptides to thiol-reactive lipids for adequate and quantitative liposomal formulations. As a proof of concept, we have synthesized two different lipopeptides based on (a) the truncated Fibroblast Growth Factor (tbFGF) for cell targeting and (b) the pH sensitive and fusogenic GALA peptide for endosomal scape. Conclusions The incorporation of these two lipopeptides in the liposomal formulation improves the fibroblast cell targeting and promotes the direct delivery of cargo molecules to the cytoplasm of the cell. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0509-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de la Fuente-Herreruela
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ajay K Monnappa
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Úbeda
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aarón Morallón-Piña
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Enciso
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Dto. Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrice Giusti
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, ICSM, UMR 5257, Site de Marcoule-Bât, 426 BP 17 171, 30207, Bagnols sur Ceze, France
| | - Paolo Natale
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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Almendro-Vedia VG, García C, Ahijado-Guzmán R, de la Fuente-Herreruela D, Muñoz-Úbeda M, Natale P, Viñas MH, Albuquerque RQ, Guerrero-Martínez A, Monroy F, Pilar Lillo M, López-Montero I. Supramolecular zippers elicit interbilayer adhesion of membranes producing cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2824-2834. [PMID: 30251671 PMCID: PMC6202437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The fluorescent dye 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) is widely used as a mitochondrial marker. NAO was reported to have cytotoxic effects in cultured eukaryotic cells when incubated at high concentrations. Although the biochemical response of NAO-induced toxicity has been well identified, the underlying molecular mechanism has not yet been explored in detail. Methods We use optical techniques, including fluorescence confocal microscopy and lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) both in model membranes built up as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and cultured cells. These experiments are complemented with computational studies to unravel the molecular mechanism that makes NAO cytotoxic. Results We have obtained direct evidence that NAO promotes strong membrane adhesion of negatively charged vesicles. The attractive forces are derived from van der Waals interactions between anti-parallel H-dimers of NAO molecules from opposing bilayers. Semi-empirical calculations have confirmed the supramolecular scenario by which anti-parallel NAO molecules form a zipper of bonds at the contact region. The membrane remodeling effect of NAO, as well as the formation of H-dimers, was also confirmed in cultured fibroblasts, as shown by the ultrastructure alteration of the mitochondrial cristae. Conclusions We conclude that membrane adhesion induced by NAO stacking accounts for the supramolecular basis of its cytotoxicity. General significance Mitochondria are a potential target for cancer and gene therapies. The alteration of the mitochondrial structure by membrane remodeling agents able to form supramolecular assemblies via adhesion properties could be envisaged as a new therapeutic strategy. NAO promotes interbilayer adhesion of negatively charged lipid vesicles. Membrane adhesion derives from the self-assembly of NAO into antiparallel H-dimers. The adhesion strength promoted by antiparallel H-aggregates is 10−6 J/m2. The formation of NAO H-aggregates produces cell death in fibroblasts. The molecular mechanism of NAO cytotoxicity relies on the adhesion ability of H-dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor G Almendro-Vedia
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina García
- Dto. Química Física Biológica, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano" (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Ahijado-Guzmán
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego de la Fuente-Herreruela
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Úbeda
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Natale
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat H Viñas
- ETS de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Alan Turing s/n, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Queiroz Albuquerque
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 3AF Liverpool, United Kingdom; São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Monroy
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Lillo
- Dto. Química Física Biológica, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano" (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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de la Fuente-Herreruela D, Gónzalez-Charro V, Almendro-Vedia VG, Morán M, Martín MÁ, Lillo MP, Natale P, López-Montero I. Rhodamine-based sensor for real-time imaging of mitochondrial ATP in living fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2017; 1858:999-1006. [PMID: 28947254 PMCID: PMC5656571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for the production and maintenance of ATP in the eukaryotic cell. To image and monitor intracellular ATP level without cell breakage, biological and chemical sensors were developed in the last years. Here, we have internalized a rhodamine-based sensor RSL+ into living cells and monitored the mitochondrial ATP levels in cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts. To evaluate the robustness of the sensor we imaged the changes of the mitochondrial ATP levels under non-physiological conditions upon incubation with FCCP, oligomycin, azide, deoxyglucose or phosphoenolpyruvate; all compounds that interfere with ATP homeostasis of the cell. The ATP sensor allowed us to determine the mitochondrial ATP levels in human skin fibroblasts where we observe a similar amount of ATP compared to mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We propose the RSL+ to be a valuable tool for the assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells derived from mitochondrial OXPHOS patients and for basic studies on bioenergetics metabolism. The rhodamine-based sensor RSL+ permeates efficiently eukaryotic plasma membrane and accumulates in mitochondria. RSL+ detects mitochondrial ATP levels in human and mouse skin fibroblasts. RSL+ detects real-time variations of mitochondrial ATP levels under non-physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de la Fuente-Herreruela
- Dto. Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Gónzalez-Charro
- Dto. Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor G Almendro-Vedia
- Dto. Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; U723, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; U723, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Lillo
- Grupo de Fluorescencia y Biofísica Molecular, Instituto Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Natale
- Dto. Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Dto. Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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