1
|
Lang CS, Wong SH, Chow S, Challinor VL, Yong KWL, Fletcher MT, Arthur DM, Ng JC, De Voss JJ. Synthesis of l-indospicine, [5,5,6-2H3]-l-indospicine and l-norindospicine. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6826-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indospicine is a non-proteogenic amino acid that accumulates as the free amino acid in livestock grazing Indigofera plant species and causes both reproductive losses and hepatotoxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shan Lang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
| | - Siew-Hoon Wong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
| | - Sharon Chow
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
| | - Victoria L. Challinor
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
| | - Ken W. L. Yong
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI)
- The University of Queensland
- Health and Food Sciences Precinct
- Australia
| | - Mary T. Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI)
- The University of Queensland
- Health and Food Sciences Precinct
- Australia
| | - Dionne M. Arthur
- National Research Centre for Environmental and Toxicology
- The University of Queensland
- Health and Food Sciences Precinct
- Australia
| | - Jack C. Ng
- National Research Centre for Environmental and Toxicology
- The University of Queensland
- Health and Food Sciences Precinct
- Australia
| | - James J. De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fagan KJ, Rogers GB, Melino M, Arthur DM, Costello ME, Morrison M, Powell EE, Irvine KM. Ascites bacterial burden and immune cell profile are associated with poor clinical outcomes in the absence of overt infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120642. [PMID: 25781164 PMCID: PMC4364017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections, most commonly spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with ascites, occur in one third of admitted patients with cirrhosis, and account for a 4-fold increase in mortality. Bacteria are isolated from less than 40% of ascites infections by culture, necessitating empirical antibiotic treatment, but culture-independent studies suggest bacteria are commonly present, even in the absence of overt infection. Widespread detection of low levels of bacteria in ascites, in the absence of peritonitis, suggests immune impairment may contribute to higher susceptibility to infection in cirrhotic patients. However, little is known about the role of ascites leukocyte composition and function in this context. We determined ascites bacterial composition by quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 25 patients with culture-negative, non-neutrocytic ascites, and compared microbiological data with ascites and peripheral blood leukocyte composition and phenotype. Bacterial DNA was detected in ascitic fluid from 23 of 25 patients, with significant positive correlations between bacterial DNA levels and poor 6-month clinical outcomes (death, readmission). Ascites leukocyte composition was variable, but dominated by macrophages or T lymphocytes, with lower numbers of B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Consistent with the hypothesis that impaired innate immunity contributes to susceptibility to infection, high bacterial DNA burden was associated with reduced major histocompatibility complex class II expression on ascites (but not peripheral blood) monocytes/macrophages. These data indicate an association between the presence of ascites bacterial DNA and early death and readmission in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. They further suggest that impairment of innate immunity contributes to increased bacterial translocation, risk of peritonitis, or both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Fagan
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- SAHMRI Infection and Immunity Theme, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michelle Melino
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dionne M. Arthur
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mary-Ellen Costello
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Powell
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katharine M. Irvine
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng C, Arthur DM, Sichani HT, Xia Q, Ng JC. Assessing benzene-induced toxicity on wild type Euglena gracilis Z and its mutant strain SMZ. Chemosphere 2013; 93:2381-2389. [PMID: 24034892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a representative member of volatile organic compounds and has been widely used as an industrial solvent. Groundwater contamination of benzene may pose risks to human health and ecosystems. Detection of benzene in the groundwater using chemical analysis is expensive and time consuming. In addition, biological responses to environmental exposures are uninformative using such analysis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to employ a microorganism, Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) as a putative model to monitor the contamination of benzene in groundwater. To this end, we examined the wild type of E. gracilis Z and its mutant form, SMZ in their growth rate, morphology, chlorophyll content, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in response to benzene exposure. The results showed that benzene inhibited cell growth in a dose response manner up to 48 h of exposure. SMZ showed a greater sensitivity compared to Z in response to benzene exposure. The difference was more evident at lower concentrations of benzene (0.005-5 μM) where growth inhibition occurred in SMZ but not in Z cells. We found that benzene induced morphological changes, formation of lipofuscin, and decreased chlorophyll content in Z strain in a dose response manner. No significant differences were found between the two strains in ROS formation and DNA damage by benzene at concentrations affecting cell growth. Based on these results, we conclude that E. gracilis cells were sensitive to benzene-induced toxicities for certain endpoints such as cell growth rate, morphological change, depletion of chlorophyll. Therefore, it is a potentially suitable model for monitoring the contamination of benzene and its effects in the groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane 4108, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abu-Bakar A, Arthur DM, Wikman AS, Rahnasto M, Juvonen RO, Vepsäläinen J, Raunio H, Ng JC, Lang MA. Metabolism of bilirubin by human cytochrome P450 2A6. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 261:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|