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Noske A, Steiger K, Ballke S, Kiechle M, Oettler D, Roth W, Weichert W. Comparison of assessment of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status in triple-negative breast cancer biopsies and surgical specimens. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:239-245. [PMID: 36669878 PMCID: PMC10958329 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is important for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies but may vary between different immunohistochemical assays, scorings and the type of specimen used for analysis. METHODS We compared the analytical concordance of three clinically relevant PD-L1 assays (VENTANA SP142, VENTANA SP263 and DAKO 22C3 pharmDx) assessing immune cell score (IC), tumour proportion score and combined positive score (CPS) in preoperative biopsies and resection specimens of primary TNBC. PD-L1 expression was scored on virtual whole slide images and compared with expression data from corresponding surgical specimens. RESULTS The mean PD-L1 positivity in TNBC biopsies defined as IC ≥1% and CPS ≥1 ranged between 11% and 61% with the lowest positivity for SP142 and highest for SP263. The corresponding surgical specimens showed overall higher positivity rates (53%-75%). When comparing biopsies with surgical specimens, the agreement for PD-L1 positivity with SP263 and 22C3 at IC score ≥1% and CPS ≥1 was fair (kappa 0.47-0.52) and poor for SP142 (kappa 0.15-0.19). Using CPS ≥10 cut-off, the agreement for SP263 was excellent (kappa 0.751) but poor for 22C3 (kappa 0.261). Spearman correlation coefficients ranged between 0.489 and 0.75 indicating a generally moderate to strong correlation between biopsies and surgical specimens for all assays and scores. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate high accordance between biopsies and surgical specimens for SP263 and 22C3 scoring but less for SP142. Generally, biopsies are suitable for PD-L1 testing in TNBC but the appropriate assay, scoring and cut-off must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Noske
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ballke
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Oettler
- Medical affairs, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Haar, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Noske A, Wagner DC, Schwamborn K, Foersch S, Steiger K, Kiechle M, Oettler D, Karapetyan S, Hapfelmeier A, Roth W, Weichert W. Interassay and interobserver comparability study of four programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry assays in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast 2021; 60:238-244. [PMID: 34768219 PMCID: PMC8602040 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Different immunohistochemical programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) assays and scorings have been reported to yield variable results in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We compared the analytical concordance and reproducibility of four clinically relevant PD-L1 assays assessing immune cell (IC) score, tumor proportion score (TPS), and combined positive score (CPS) in TNBC. Primary TNBC resection specimens (n = 104) were stained for PD-L1 using VENTANA SP142, VENTANA SP263, DAKO 22C3, and DAKO 28–8. PD-L1 expression was scored according to guidelines on virtual whole slide images by four trained readers. The mean PD-L1 positivity at IC-score ≥1% and CPS ≥1 ranged between 53% and 75% with the highest positivity for SP263 and comparable levels for 22C3, 28–8, and SP142. Inter-assay agreement was good between 28–8 and 22C3 across all scores and cut-offs (kappa 0.68–0.74) and for both assays with SP142 at IC-score ≥1% and CPS ≥1 (kappa 0.61–0.67). The agreement between SP263 and all other assays was substantially lower for all scores. Inter-reader agreement for each assay was good to excellent for IC-score ≥1% (kappa 0.73–0.78) and CPS ≥1 (kappa 0.68–0.74), fair to good for CPS ≥10 (kappa 0.52–0.67) and TPS ≥1% (kappa 0.53–0.72). The percentage of overlapping cases in the positive/negative category was >90% between IC-score ≥1% and CPS ≥1 but below when comparing IC-score ≥1% with CPS ≥10. We demonstrate an overall good inter-reader agreement for all PD-L1 assays in TNBC along with assay specific differences in positivity and concordances, which may aid to select the right test strategy in routine diagnostics. Different PD-L1 IHC assays and scorings may show variable results in TNBC. Overall good assay concordance between SP142, 22C3, and 28–8 at IC-score 1%. Overall good assay concordance between SP142, 22C3, and 28–8 at CPS 1. SP142 is less optimal for CPS assessment at higher cut-offs. SP263 assay is not interchangeable with the other three PD-L1 assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Noske
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Daniel-Christoph Wagner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwamborn
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Foersch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Siranush Karapetyan
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Noske A, Wagner DC, Schwamborn K, Foersch S, Steiger K, Kiechle M, Karapetyan S, Oettler D, Hapfelmeier A, Roth W, Weichert W. 13P Comparison study of different programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) assays, readers and scoring methods in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Oettler D, Kaaden OR, Neubauer A. The equine herpesvirus 1 UL45 homolog encodes a glycosylated type II transmembrane protein and is involved in virus egress. Virology 2001; 279:302-12. [PMID: 11145911 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Experiments to analyze the product of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) UL45 homolog were conducted. Using an antiserum generated against the carboxylterminal 114 amino acids of the EHV-1 UL45 protein, proteins of M(r) 32,000, 40,000, and 43,000 were detected specifically in EHV-1-infected cells. Neither form of the protein was located in purified virions of EHV-1 wild-type strain RacL22 or the modified live vaccine strain RacH, but UL45 was demonstrated to be expressed as a late (gamma-2) protein. Fractionation of infected cells and deglycosylation experiments demonstrated that the EHV-1 UL45 protein represents a type II membrane glycoprotein. Deletion of the UL45 gene in RacL22 and RacH (LDelta45 and HDelta45) showed that UL45 is nonessential for EHV-1 growth in vitro, but that deletion reduced the viruses' replication efficiency. A marked reduction of virus release was observed although no significant influence was noticed either on plaque size or on the syncytial phenotype of the EHV-1 strain RacH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Oettler
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Infectious and Epidemic Diseases, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, Munich, D-80539, Germany
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