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Özkan D, Yilmaz MA, Karakurt D, Szala M, Walczak M, Bakdemir SA, Türküz C, Sulukan E. Effect of AISI H13 Steel Substrate Nitriding on AlCrN, ZrN, TiSiN, and TiCrN Multilayer PVD Coatings Wear and Friction Behaviors at a Different Temperature Level. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16041594. [PMID: 36837222 PMCID: PMC9964237 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Moving components of industrial machines and tools are subjected to wear and friction. This reduces their useful life and efficiency in running conditions, particularly at high temperatures. One of the most popular solutions is to apply an appropriate surface coating to the tribocouple's base materials. In this study, tribometer experiments were used to evaluate the tribological performance of cathodic arc physical vapor deposited (CAPVD) AlCrN, TiSiN, CrTiN, and ZrN coatings on the gas nitrided AISI H13 tool steel to explore the effects of nitriding the steel on wear and friction behavior of these coatings at ambient and elevated temperatures. The coatings characterization is split into three main parts: mechanical, morphological, and chemical characterization. Nanoindentation has been used for mechanical characterization, thin film X-ray diffraction (XRD), and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer mounted on a scanning electron microscope for chemical characterization, optical profilometer, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for morphological characterization. Significant improvements in the adhesion qualities of the coatings to the substrate were achieved as a result of nitration. Due to this circumstance, the coatings' load-bearing capacity and high-temperature wear resistance ratings were enhanced. The wear results showed that the AISI H13 tool steel nitriding with AlCrN and ZrN layers decreased wear rates by two to three times at 700 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğuş Özkan
- Turkish Naval Academy, National Defence University, Tuzla 34942, İstanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: (D.Ö.); (M.S.)
| | - Mustafa Alper Yilmaz
- Turkish Naval Academy, National Defence University, Tuzla 34942, İstanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Beşiktaş 34349, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Karakurt
- Barbaros Naval Science and Engineering Institute, National Defence University, Tuzla 34942, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mirosław Szala
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.Ö.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariusz Walczak
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Seda Ataş Bakdemir
- Turkish Naval Academy, National Defence University, Tuzla 34942, İstanbul, Turkey
- Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe 34722, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Türküz
- Titanit Ultrahard Coatings Company, Güngören 34173, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Egemen Sulukan
- Maritime Faculty, Marine Engineering Department, Piri Reis University, Tuzla 34940, İstanbul, Turkey
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Şahin M, Öncü G, Yılmaz MA, Özkan D, Saybaşılı H. Transformation of SH-SY5Y cell line into neuron-like cells: Investigation of electrophysiological and biomechanical changes. Neurosci Lett 2021; 745:135628. [PMID: 33440235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells are commonly used as neuronal models. Here, we examined different aspects of SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. Various differentiation protocols have been proposed previously, including treatments with retinoic acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cholesterol and oestradiol. We examined undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells (UNDIFF); cells differentiated by the treatment with retinoic acid (RA); retinoic acid + BDNF (RB); and retinoic acid + BDNF + cholesterol + oestradiol (RBCE). We performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from these cells and nanomechanically characterised them by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our results indicated that Na+ currents become most pronounced in the differentiated RB cells, whereas UNDIFF SH-SY5Y cells had significantly larger K+ currents, which is a characteristic feature of cancer cells. AFM observations of these two groups showed that Young's moduli of SH-SY5Y cells increased threefold with differentiation. Furthermore, we showed a direct relationship between Na+ channel activity and elasticity in these cells. We conclude that SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells should be used as a neuronal model only when they are differentiated by the treatment with retinoic acid and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Şahin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Öncü
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Alper Yılmaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Defense University, Naval Academy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Doğuş Özkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Defense University, Naval Academy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hale Saybaşılı
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
This paper particularly focuses on 2D materials and their utilization in military applications. 2D and heterostructured 2D materials have great potential for military applications in developing energy storage devices, sensors, electronic devices, and weapon systems. Advanced 2D material-based sensors and detectors provide high awareness and significant opportunities to attain correct data required for planning, optimization, and decision-making, which are the main factors in the command and control processes in the military operations. High capacity sensors and detectors or energy storage can be developed not only by using 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), MoS2, MoSe2, MXenes; but also by combining 2D materials to obtain heterostructures. Phototransistors, flexible thin-film transistors, IR detectors, electrodes for batteries, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic light-emitting diodes have been being developed from the 2D materials for devices that are used in weapon systems, chemical-biological warfare sensors, and detection systems. Therefore, the utilization of 2D materials is the key factor and the future of advanced sensors, weapon systems, and energy storage devices for military applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğuş Özkan
- Turkish Naval AcademyNational Defense University Tuzla Turkey
| | - Egemen Sulukan
- Turkish Naval AcademyNational Defense University Tuzla Turkey
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Özkan D, Altınsoy S, Sayın M, Dolgun H, Ergil J, Dönmez A. Comparison of cervical spine motion during intubation with a C‑MAC D‑Blade® and an LMA Fastrach®. Anaesthesist 2019; 68:90-96. [PMID: 30627738 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-018-0533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective randomized study compared cervical motion during intubation with a C‑MAC D‑Blade® and with a laryngeal mask airway LMA Fastrach®. MATERIAL AND METHODS The participants in this study were 52 ASA I-III patients aged 18-70 years and assigned for elective cervical discectomy. The patients were randomly selected for intubation with a C‑MAC D‑Blade® (group V) or an LMA Fastrach® laryngeal airway (group F). Both groups received the same induction of anaesthesia. The first lateral view was X‑rayed while the head and neck were in a neutral supine position and the second exposure was taken during the passage of the endotracheal tube through the vocal cords for group V and during the advance of the endotracheal tube for group F. The occiput-C1 (C0-C1), C1-C2 and C2-5 angles were measured. The angle formed by the line between the occipital protuberance and anterior process of the foramen magnum and the line between the central point of C1 spinous process and the anterior process of the foramen magnum was defined as angle A. The differences between the angles were calculated. Overall intubation success and first-pass success (success at the first attempt) were recorded. RESULTS The change in angulations between C0-C1 during intubation was significantly lower in group F than in group V (2.780 ± 2.10 vs. 6.040 ± 4.10, p = 0.007). Before intubation, angle A was 14.40 ± 3.90 in group V and 13.80 ± 3.70 in group F (p = 0.627). During intubation, angle A was significantly smaller for group V than for group F (9.10 ± 2.40 vs. 10.70 ± 2.90, p = 0.04). The number of successful intubations were significantly higher in group V (100% of intubations were successful on the first attempt for group V, vs. 80% for group F, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION Intubation with both a C‑MAC D‑Blade and a Fastrach LMA resulted in cervical motion but within safe ranges. Intubation with a C-mac D blade might be preferred because the Fastrach LMA may result in more failed intubation attempts in patients with cervical spine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Özkan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. .,, Koru M Kavakli S No: 4/44, 06810, Cayyolu Ankara, Turkey.
| | - S Altınsoy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Sayın
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Dolgun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - J Ergil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Dönmez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Özkan
- Anesthesiology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D. Seher
- Surgery Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - J. Ergil
- Anesthesiology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - U. Han
- Pathology Department, Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z. Ginis
- Biochemistry Department, Ankara, Turkey
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