1
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Van Lint S, Van Parys A, Van Den Eeckhout B, Vandamme N, Plaisance S, Verhee A, Catteeuw D, Rogge E, De Geest J, Vanderroost N, Roels J, Saeys Y, Uzé G, Kley N, Cauwels A, Tavernier J. A bispecific Clec9A-PD-L1 targeted type I interferon profoundly reshapes the tumor microenvironment towards an antitumor state. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:191. [PMID: 38031106 PMCID: PMC10685570 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite major improvements in immunotherapeutic strategies, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remains a major obstacle for the induction of efficient antitumor responses. In this study, we show that local delivery of a bispecific Clec9A-PD-L1 targeted type I interferon (AcTaferon, AFN) overcomes this hurdle by reshaping the tumor immune landscape.Treatment with the bispecific AFN resulted in the presence of pro-immunogenic tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils, increased motility and maturation profile of cDC1 and presence of inflammatory cDC2. Moreover, we report empowered diversity in the CD8+ T cell repertoire and induction of a shift from naive, dysfunctional CD8+ T cells towards effector, plastic cytotoxic T lymphocytes together with increased presence of NK and NKT cells as well as decreased regulatory T cell levels. These dynamic changes were associated with potent antitumor activity. Tumor clearance and immunological memory, therapeutic immunity on large established tumors and blunted tumor growth at distant sites were obtained upon co-administration of a non-curative dose of chemotherapy.Overall, this study illuminates further application of type I interferon as a safe and efficient way to reshape the suppressive tumor microenvironment and induce potent antitumor immunity; features which are of major importance in overcoming the development of metastases and tumor cell resistance to immune attack. The strategy described here has potential for application across to a broad range of cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Van Lint
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Van Parys
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Present Affiliation: Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Van Den Eeckhout
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Vandamme
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Single Cell Core, VIB, Ghent-Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Annick Verhee
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Catteeuw
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Rogge
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Present Affiliation: Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jennifer De Geest
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Present Affiliation: Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Vanderroost
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Roels
- VIB Single Cell Core, VIB, Ghent-Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB & Center for inflammation research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilles Uzé
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Niko Kley
- Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences, Boston, USA
| | - Anje Cauwels
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Present Affiliation: Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
- Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium.
- Orionis Biosciences, Boston, USA.
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2
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Tsirigotaki A, Dansercoer A, Verschueren KHG, Marković I, Pollmann C, Hafer M, Felix J, Birck C, Van Putte W, Catteeuw D, Tavernier J, Fernando Bazan J, Piehler J, Savvides SN, Verstraete K. Mechanism of receptor assembly via the pleiotropic adipokine Leptin. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:551-563. [PMID: 36959263 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The adipokine Leptin activates its receptor LEP-R in the hypothalamus to regulate body weight and exerts additional pleiotropic functions in immunity, fertility and cancer. However, the structure and mechanism of Leptin-mediated LEP-R assemblies has remained unclear. Intriguingly, the signaling-competent isoform of LEP-R is only lowly abundant amid several inactive short LEP-R isoforms contributing to a mechanistic conundrum. Here we show by X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM that, in contrast to long-standing paradigms, Leptin induces type I cytokine receptor assemblies featuring 3:3 stoichiometry and demonstrate such Leptin-induced trimerization of LEP-R on living cells via single-molecule microscopy. In mediating these assemblies, Leptin undergoes drastic restructuring that activates its site III for binding to the Ig domain of an adjacent LEP-R. These interactions are abolished by mutations linked to obesity. Collectively, our study provides the structural and mechanistic framework for how evolutionarily conserved Leptin:LEP-R assemblies with 3:3 stoichiometry can engage distinct LEP-R isoforms to achieve signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsirigotaki
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Dansercoer
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen H G Verschueren
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iva Marković
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christoph Pollmann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Maximillian Hafer
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jan Felix
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catherine Birck
- Integrated Structural Biology Platform, Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Dominiek Catteeuw
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Fernando Bazan
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- ħ Bioconsulting llc, Stillwater, MN, USA
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kenneth Verstraete
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Cauwels A, Van Lint S, Catteeuw D, Pang S, Paul F, Rogge E, Verhee A, Prinz M, Kley N, Uzé G, Tavernier J. Targeting interferon activity to dendritic cells enables in vivo tolerization and protection against EAE in mice. J Autoimmun 2019; 97:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Cauwels A, Van Lint S, Paul F, Garcin G, De Koker S, Van Parys A, Wueest T, Gerlo S, Van der Heyden J, Bordat Y, Catteeuw D, Rogge E, Verhee A, Vandekerckhove B, Kley N, Uzé G, Tavernier J. Delivering Type I Interferon to Dendritic Cells Empowers Tumor Eradication and Immune Combination Treatments. Cancer Res 2017; 78:463-474. [PMID: 29187401 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An ideal generic cancer immunotherapy should mobilize the immune system to destroy tumor cells without harming healthy cells and remain active in case of recurrence. Furthermore, it should preferably not rely on tumor-specific surface markers, as these are only available in a limited set of malignancies. Despite approval for treatment of various cancers, clinical application of cytokines is still impeded by their multiple toxic side effects. Type I IFN has a long history in the treatment of cancer, but its multifaceted activity pattern and complex side effects prevent its clinical use. Here we develop AcTakines (Activity-on-Target cytokines), optimized (mutated) immunocytokines that are up to 1,000-fold more potent on target cells, allowing specific signaling in selected cell types only. Type I IFN-derived AcTaferon (AFN)-targeting Clec9A+ dendritic cells (DC) displayed strong antitumor activity in murine melanoma, breast carcinoma, and lymphoma models and against human lymphoma in humanized mice without any detectable toxic side effects. Combined with immune checkpoint blockade, chemotherapy, or low-dose TNF, complete tumor regression and long-lasting tumor immunity were observed, still without adverse effects. Our findings indicate that DC-targeted AFNs provide a novel class of highly efficient, safe, and broad-spectrum off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapeutics with no need for a tumor marker.Significance: Targeted type I interferon elicits powerful antitumor efficacy, similar to wild-type IFN, but without any toxic side effects. Cancer Res; 78(2); 463-74. ©2017 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Proliferation
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytokines/chemistry
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Female
- Immunotherapy
- Interferon Type I/pharmacology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Anje Cauwels
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Lint
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franciane Paul
- CNRS UMR 5235, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stefaan De Koker
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Van Parys
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sarah Gerlo
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José Van der Heyden
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yann Bordat
- CNRS UMR 5235, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominiek Catteeuw
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Rogge
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick Verhee
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Niko Kley
- Orionis Biosciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gilles Uzé
- CNRS UMR 5235, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Orionis Biosciences, Boston, Massachusetts
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5
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Cauwels A, Van Lint S, Garcin G, Bultinck J, Paul F, Gerlo S, Van der Heyden J, Bordat Y, Catteeuw D, De Cauwer L, Rogge E, Verhee A, Uzé G, Tavernier J. A safe and highly efficient tumor-targeted type I interferon immunotherapy depends on the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1398876. [PMID: 29399401 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1398876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite approval for the treatment of various malignancies, clinical application of cytokines such as type I interferon (IFN) is severely impeded by their systemic toxicity. AcTakines (Activity-on-Target cytokines) are optimized immunocytokines that, when injected in mice, only reveal their activity upon cell-specific impact. We here show that type I IFN-derived AcTaferon targeted to the tumor displays strong antitumor activity without any associated toxicity, in contrast with wild type IFN. Treatment with CD20-targeted AcTaferon of CD20+ lymphoma tumors or melanoma tumors engineered to be CD20+, drastically reduced tumor growth. This antitumor effect was completely lost in IFNAR- or Batf3-deficient mice, and depended on IFN signaling in conventional dendritic cells. Also the presence of, but not the IFN signaling in, CD8+ T lymphocytes was critical for proficient antitumor effects. When combined with immunogenic chemotherapy, low-dose TNF, or immune checkpoint blockade strategies such as anti-PDL1, anti-CTLA4 or anti-LAG3, complete tumor regressions and subsequent immunity (memory) were observed, still without any concomitant morbidity, again in sharp contrast with wild type IFN. Interestingly, the combination therapy of tumor-targeted AcTaferon with checkpoint inhibiting antibodies indicated its ability to convert nonresponding tumors into responders. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that AcTaferon targeted to tumor-specific surface markers may provide a safe and generic addition to cancer (immuno)therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anje Cauwels
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Lint
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Garcin
- University Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Jennyfer Bultinck
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Oxyrane, Zwijnaarde-Gent, Belgium
| | - Franciane Paul
- University Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José Van der Heyden
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yann Bordat
- University Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominiek Catteeuw
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lode De Cauwer
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Argenx BVBA, Zwijnaarde-Gent, Belgium
| | - Elke Rogge
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick Verhee
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilles Uzé
- University Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Zabeau L, Jensen CJ, Seeuws S, Venken K, Verhee A, Catteeuw D, van Loo G, Chen H, Walder K, Hollis J, Foote S, Morris MJ, Van der Heyden J, Peelman F, Oldfield BJ, Rubio JP, Elewaut D, Tavernier J. Leptin's metabolic and immune functions can be uncoupled at the ligand/receptor interaction level. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:629-644. [PMID: 25098352 PMCID: PMC4293488 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived cytokine leptin acts as a metabolic switch, connecting the body's metabolism to high-energy consuming processes such as reproduction and immune responses. We here provide genetic and biochemical evidence that the metabolic and immune functions of leptin can be uncoupled at the receptor level. First, homozygous mutant fatt/fatt mice carry a spontaneous splice mutation causing deletion of the leptin receptor (LR) immunoglobulin-like domain (IGD) in all LR isoforms. These mice are hyperphagic and morbidly obese, but display only minimal changes in size and cellularity of the thymus, and cellular immune responses are unaffected. These animals also displayed liver damage in response to concavalin A comparable to wild-type and heterozygous littermates. Second, treatment of healthy mice with a neutralizing nanobody targeting IGD induced weight gain and hyperinsulinaemia, but completely failed to block development of experimentally induced autoimmune diseases. These data indicate that leptin receptor deficiency or antagonism profoundly affects metabolism, with little concomitant effects on immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Zabeau
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cathy J Jensen
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Howard Florey Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sylvie Seeuws
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick Verhee
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Catteeuw
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Faculty of Sciences, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jacob Hollis
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Foote
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - José Van der Heyden
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Peelman
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brian J Oldfield
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justin P Rubio
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Howard Florey Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Venken K, Seeuws S, Zabeau L, Jacques P, Decruy T, Coudenys J, Verheugen E, Windels F, Catteeuw D, Drennan M, Van Calenbergh S, Lambrecht BN, Yoshimura A, Tavernier J, Elewaut D. A bidirectional crosstalk between iNKT cells and adipocytes mediated by leptin modulates susceptibility for T cell mediated hepatitis. J Hepatol 2014; 60:175-82. [PMID: 23973929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Immunometabolism is an emerging field of clinical investigation due to the obesity epidemic worldwide. A reciprocal involvement of immune mediators in the body energy metabolism has been recognized for years, but is only partially understood. We hypothesized that the adipokine leptin could provide an important modulator of iNKT cells. METHODS The expression of leptin receptor (LR) on resting and activated iNKT cells was measured by flow cytometry. FACS-sorted hepatic iNKT cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28Ab coated beads in the absence or presence of a neutralizing anti-leptin Ab. Furthermore, we evaluated the outcome of LR blocking nanobody treatment in ConA induced hepatitis and towards metabolic parameters in WT and iNKT cell deficient mice. RESULTS The LR is expressed on iNKT cells and leptin suppresses iNKT cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro. LR deficient iNKT cells are hyper-responsive further enforcing the role of leptin as an important inhibitor of iNKT cell function. Consistently, in vivo blockade of LR signaling exacerbated ConA hepatitis in wild-type but not in iNKT cell deficient mice, through both Janus kinase (JAK)2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) dependent mechanisms. Moreover, LR inhibition altered fat pad features and was accompanied by insulin resistance, only in wild-type mice. Curiously, this interaction was strictly dependent on MAPK mediated LR signaling in iNKT cells and uncoupled from the more central effects of leptin. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a new concept of immune regulation by which leptin protects towards T cell mediated hepatitis via modulation of iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Venken
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Seeuws
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Zabeau
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peggy Jacques
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Verheugen
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fien Windels
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Catteeuw
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Drennan
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FFW), Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB and Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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8
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Bovijn C, Ulrichts P, De Smet AS, Catteeuw D, Beyaert R, Tavernier J, Peelman F. Identification of interaction sites for dimerization and adapter recruitment in Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain of Toll-like receptor 4. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:4088-98. [PMID: 22139835 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.282350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor signaling requires interactions of the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domains of the receptor and adapter proteins. Using the mammalian protein-protein interaction trap strategy, homology modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis, we identify the interaction surfaces in the TLR4 TIR domain for the TLR4-TLR4, TLR4-MyD88 adapter-like (MAL), and TLR4-TRIF-related adapter molecule (TRAM) interaction. Two binding sites are equally important for TLR4 dimerization and adapter recruitment. In a model based on the crystal structure of the dimeric TLR10 TIR domain, the first binding site mediates TLR4-TLR4 TIR-TIR interaction. Upon dimerization, two identical second binding sites of the TLR4 TIR domain are juxtaposed and form an extended binding platform for both MAL and TRAM. In our mammalian protein-protein interaction trap assay, MAL and TRAM compete for binding to this platform. Our data suggest that adapter binding can stabilize the TLR4 TIR dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Bovijn
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Lavens D, Peelman F, Heyden JVD, Uyttendaele I, Catteeuw D, Van Schouwbroeck B, Kurth J, Hallenberger S, Clayton R, Tavernier J. Definition of the interacting interfaces of Apobec3G and HIV-1 Vif using MAPPIT mutagenesis analysis. Retrovirology 2010. [PMCID: PMC3315956 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-s1-p24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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10
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Lavens D, Peelman F, Van der Heyden J, Uyttendaele I, Catteeuw D, Verhee A, Van Schoubroeck B, Kurth J, Hallenberger S, Clayton R, Tavernier J. Definition of the interacting interfaces of Apobec3G and HIV-1 Vif using MAPPIT mutagenesis analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:1902-12. [PMID: 20015971 PMCID: PMC2847223 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The host restriction factor Apobec3G is a cytidine deaminase that incorporates into HIV-1 virions and interferes with viral replication. The HIV-1 accessory protein Vif subverts Apobec3G by targeting it for proteasomal degradation. We propose a model in which Apobec3G N-terminal domains symmetrically interact via a head-to-head interface containing residues 122 RLYYFW 127. To validate this model and to characterize the Apobec3G–Apobec3G and the Apobec3G–Vif interactions, the mammalian protein–protein interaction trap two-hybrid technique was used. Mutations in the head-to-head interface abrogate the Apobec3G–Apobec3G interaction. All mutations that inhibit Apobec3G–Apobec3G binding also inhibit the Apobec3G–Vif interaction, indicating that the head-to head interface plays an important role in the interaction with Vif. Only the D128K, P129A and T32Q mutations specifically affect the Apobec3G–Vif association. In our model, D128, P129 and T32 cluster at the edge of the head-to-head interface, possibly forming a Vif binding site composed of two Apobec3G molecules. We propose that Vif either binds at the Apobec3G head-to-head interface or associates with an RNA-stabilized Apobec3G oligomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lavens
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent
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11
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Abstract
SOCS proteins play a major role in the regulation of cytokine signaling. They are recruited to activated receptors and can suppress signaling by different mechanisms including targeting of the receptor complex for proteasomal degradation. The activity of SOCS proteins is regulated at different levels including transcriptional control and posttranslational modification. We describe here a novel regulatory mechanism for CIS, one of the members of this protein family. A CIS mutant deficient in recruitment of the Elongin B/C complex completely failed to suppress STAT5 activation. This deficiency was not caused by altered turnover of CIS but by loss of cytokine receptor interaction. Intriguingly, no such effect was seen for binding to MyD88. The interaction between CIS and the Elongin B/C complex, which depends on the levels of uncomplexed Elongin B/C, was easily disrupted. This regulatory mechanism may be unique for CIS, as similar mutations in SOCS1, -2, -3, -6, and -7 had no functional impact. Our findings indicate that the SOCS box not only plays a role in the formation of E3 ligase complexes but, at least for CIS, can also regulate the binding modus of SOCS box-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Piessevaux
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Wauman J, De Smet AS, Catteeuw D, Belsham D, Tavernier J. Insulin receptor substrate 4 couples the leptin receptor to multiple signaling pathways. Mol Endocrinol 2007; 22:965-77. [PMID: 18165436 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that regulates food intake and energy expenditure by activating its hypothalamic leptin receptor (LR). Members of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) family serve as adaptor proteins in the signaling pathways of several cytokines and hormones and a role for IRS2 in central leptin physiology is well established. Using mammalian protein-protein interaction trap (MAPPIT), a cytokine receptor-based two-hybrid method, in the N38 hypothalamic cell line, we here demonstrate that also IRS4 interacts with the LR. This recruitment is leptin dependent and requires phosphorylation of the Y1077 motif of the LR. Domain mapping of IRS4 revealed the critical role of the pleckstrin homology domain for full interaction. In line with its function as an adaptor protein, IRS4 interacted with the regulatory p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase Cgamma, and the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members SOCS2, SOCS6, and SOCS7 and thus can modulate LR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Wauman
- Department of Medical Protein Research, University of Ghent, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Lavens D, Ulrichts P, Catteeuw D, Gevaert K, Vandekerckhove J, Peelman F, Eyckerman S, Tavernier J. The C-terminus of CIS defines its interaction pattern. Biochem J 2007; 401:257-67. [PMID: 16961462 PMCID: PMC1698688 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signalling) family are characterized by a conserved modular structure with pre-SH2 (Src homology 2), SH2 and SOCS-box domains. Several members, including CIS (cytokine-inducible SH2 protein), SOCS1 and SOCS3, are induced rapidly upon cytokine receptor activation and function in a negative-feedback loop, attenuating signalling at the receptor level. We used a recently developed mammalian two-hybrid system [MAPPIT (mammalian protein-protein interaction trap)] to analyse SOCS protein-interaction patterns in intact cells, allowing direct comparison with biological function. We find that, besides the SH2 domain, the C-terminal part of the CIS SOCS-box is required for functional interaction with the cytokine receptor motifs examined, but not with the N-terminal death domain of the TLR (Toll-like receptor) adaptor MyD88. Mutagenesis revealed that one single tyrosine residue at position 253 is a critical binding determinant. In contrast, substrate binding by the highly related SOCS2 protein, and also by SOCS1 and SOCS3, does not require their SOCS-box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lavens
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research (VIB09), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Ulrichts
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research (VIB09), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Catteeuw
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research (VIB09), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research (VIB09), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joël Vandekerckhove
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research (VIB09), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Peelman
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research (VIB09), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Eyckerman
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research (VIB09), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research (VIB09), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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14
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Piessevaux J, Lavens D, Montoye T, Wauman J, Catteeuw D, Vandekerckhove J, Belsham D, Peelman F, Tavernier J. Functional Cross-modulation between SOCS Proteins Can Stimulate Cytokine Signaling. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:32953-66. [PMID: 16956890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600776200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) proteins are negative regulators of cytokine signaling that function primarily at the receptor level. Remarkably, in vitro and in vivo observations revealed both inhibitory and stimulatory effects of SOCS2 on growth hormone signaling, suggesting an additional regulatory level. In this study, we examined the possibility of direct cross-modulation between SOCS proteins and found that SOCS2 could interfere with the inhibitory actions of other SOCS proteins in growth hormone, interferon, and leptin signaling. This SOCS2 effect was SOCS box-dependent, required recruitment of the elongin BC complex, and coincided with degradation of target SOCS proteins. Detailed mammalian protein-protein interaction trap (MAPPIT) analysis indicated that SOCS2 can interact with all members of the SOCS family. SOCS2 may thus function as a molecular bridge between a ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase complex and SOCS proteins, targeting them for proteasomal turnover. We furthermore extended these observations to SOCS6 and SOCS7. Our findings point to a unique regulatory role for SOCS2, SOCS6, and SOCS7 within the SOCS family and provide an explanation for the unexpected phenotypes observed in SOCS2 and SOCS6 transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Piessevaux
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Montoye T, Piessevaux J, Lavens D, Wauman J, Catteeuw D, Vandekerckhove J, Lemmens I, Tavernier J. Analysis of leptin signalling in hematopoietic cells using an adapted MAPPIT strategy. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3301-7. [PMID: 16698021 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The adipocyte-secreted hormone leptin participates in the regulation of hematopoiesis and enhances proliferation of hematopoietic cells. We used an adaptation of the MAPPIT mammalian two-hybrid method to study leptin signalling in a hematopoietic setting. We confirmed the known interactions of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) and STAT5 with the Y985 and Y1077 motifs of the leptin receptor, respectively. We also provide evidence for novel interactions at the Y1077 motif, including phospholipase C gamma and several members of the SOCS protein family, further underscoring the important role of the Y1077 motif in leptin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Montoye
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Montoye T, Lemmens I, Catteeuw D, Eyckerman S, Tavernier J. A systematic scan of interactions with tyrosine motifs in the erythropoietin receptor using a mammalian 2-hybrid approach. Blood 2005; 105:4264-71. [PMID: 15644415 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSignaling via the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) depends on the interaction of several proteins with phosphorylated tyrosine-containing motifs in its cytosolic domain. Detailed mapping of these interactions is required for an accurate insight into Epo signaling. We recently developed a mammalian protein-protein interaction trap (MAPPIT), a cytokine receptor-based 2-hybrid method that operates in intact Hek293-T mammalian cells. As baits, we used intracellular segments of the EpoR containing 1 or 2 tyrosines. Several known signaling molecules, including cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS), suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS2), phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3-K), phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) were used as prey. We also extended the MAPPIT method to enable interaction analysis with wild-type EpoR. In this relay MAPPIT approach, instead of using isolated EpoR fragments as bait, we used the full-length EpoR itself as a “receptor bait.” Finally, we introduced MAPPIT in the erythroleukemic TF-1 cell line, which is a more natural setting of the EpoR. With these strategies several known interactions with the EpoR were analyzed and evidence for new interactions was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Montoye
- Flanders Interiniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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17
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Eyckerman S, Lemmens I, Catteeuw D, Verhee A, Vandekerckhove J, Lievens S, Tavernier J. Reverse MAPPIT: screening for protein-protein interaction modifiers in mammalian cells. Nat Methods 2005; 2:427-33. [PMID: 15908921 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between proteins are at the heart of the cellular machinery. It is therefore not surprising that altered interaction profiles caused by aberrant protein expression patterns or by the presence of mutations can trigger cellular dysfunction, eventually leading to disease. Moreover, many viral and bacterial pathogens rely on protein-protein interactions to exert their damaging effects. Interfering with such interactions is an obvious pharmaceutical goal, but detailed insights into the protein binding properties as well as efficient screening platforms are needed. In this report, we describe a cytokine receptor-based assay with a positive readout to screen for disrupters of designated protein-protein interactions in intact mammalian cells and evaluate this concept using polypeptides as well as small organic molecules. These reverse mammalian protein-protein interaction trap (MAPPIT) screens were developed to monitor interactions between the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, between FKBP12 and ALK4, and between MDM2 and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Eyckerman
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, VIB09, Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Peelman F, Van Beneden K, Zabeau L, Iserentant H, Ulrichts P, Defeau D, Verhee A, Catteeuw D, Elewaut D, Tavernier J. Mapping of the Leptin Binding Sites and Design of a Leptin Antagonist. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:41038-46. [PMID: 15213225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m404962200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The leptin/leptin receptor system shows strong similarities to the long-chain cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor cytokine/receptor systems. The IL-6 family cytokines interact with their receptors through three different binding sites I-III. The leptin structure was superposed on the crystal structures of several long-chain cytokines, and a series of leptin mutants was generated focusing on binding sites I-III. The effect of the mutations on leptin receptor (LR) signaling and on binding to the membrane proximal cytokine receptor homology domain (CRH2) of the LR was determined. Mutations in binding site I at the C terminus of helix D show a modest effect on signaling and do not affect binding to CRH2. Binding site II is composed of residues at the surface of helices A and C. Mutations in this site impair binding to CRH2 but have only limited effect on signaling. Site III mutations around the N terminus of helix D impair receptor activation without affecting binding to CRH2. We identified an S120A/T121A mutant in binding site III, which lacks any signaling capacity, but which still binds to CRH2 with wild type affinity. This leptin mutant behaves as a potent leptin antagonist both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Peelman
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, VIB09, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, Belgium
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19
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Lemmens I, Eyckerman S, Zabeau L, Catteeuw D, Vertenten E, Verschueren K, Huylebroeck D, Vandekerckhove J, Tavernier J. Heteromeric MAPPIT: a novel strategy to study modification-dependent protein-protein interactions in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31:e75. [PMID: 12853652 PMCID: PMC167658 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gng075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported a two-hybrid trap for detecting protein-protein interactions in intact mammalian cells (MAPPIT). The bait protein was fused to a STAT recruitment-deficient, homodimeric cytokine receptor and the prey protein to functional STAT recruitment sites. In such a configuration, STAT-dependent responses can be used to monitor a given bait-prey interaction. Using this system, we were able to demonstrate both modification-independent and tyrosine phosphorylation- dependent interactions. Protein modification in this approach is, however, strictly dependent on the receptor-associated JAK tyrosine kinases. We have now extended this concept by using extracellular domains of the heteromeric granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR). Herein, the bait was fused to the (beta)c chain and its modifying enzyme to the GM-CSFRalpha chain (or vice versa). We demonstrate several serine phosphorylation-dependent interactions in the TGFbeta/Smad pathway using the catalytic domains of the ALK4 or ALK6 serine/threonine kinase receptors. In all cases tested, STAT-dependent signaling was completely abolished when mutant baits were used wherein critical serine residues were replaced by alanines. This approach operates both in transient and stable expression systems and may not be limited to serine phosphorylation but has the potential for studying various different types of protein modification-dependent interactions in intact cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Line
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dimerization
- Humans
- Janus Kinase 2
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Mutation
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Phosphorylation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Mapping/methods
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- Rats
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/chemistry
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/genetics
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism
- Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Leptin
- STAT3 Transcription Factor
- Signal Transduction
- Smad3 Protein
- Smad4 Protein
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Lemmens
- Department of Medical Protein Research VIB09, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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