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Stassen RHMJ, van den Akker GGH, Surtel DAM, Housmans BAC, Cremers A, Caron MMJ, Smagul A, Peffers MJ, van Rhijn LW, Welting TJM. Unravelling the Basic Calcium Phosphate crystal-dependent chondrocyte protein secretome; a role for TGF-β signaling. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1035-1046. [PMID: 37075856 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Basic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) crystals play an active role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the cellular consequences remain largely unknown. Therefore, we characterized for the first time the changes in the protein secretome of human OA articular chondrocytes as a result of BCP stimulation using two unbiased proteomic analysis methods. METHOD Isolated human OA articular chondrocytes were stimulated with BCP crystals and examined by Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) after twenty-four and forty-eight hours. Forty-eight hours conditioned media were analyzed by label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and an antibody array. The activity of BCP dependent Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) signaling was analyzed by RT-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays. The molecular consequences regarding BCP-dependent TGF-β signaling on BCP-dependent Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were investigated using specific pathway inhibitors. RESULTS Synthesized BCP crystals induced IL-6 expression and secretion upon stimulation of human articular chondrocytes. Concomitant induction of catabolic gene expression was observed. Analysis of conditioned media revealed a complex and diverse response with a large number of proteins involved in TGF-β signaling, both in activation of latent TGF-β and TGF-β superfamily members, which were increased compared to non-stimulated OA chondrocytes. Activity of this BCP driven TGF-β signaling was confirmed by increased activity of expression of TGF-β target genes and luciferase reporters. Inhibition of BCP driven TGF-β signaling resulted in decreased IL-6 expression and secretion with a moderate effect on catabolic gene expression. CONCLUSION BCP crystal stimulation resulted in a complex and diverse chondrocyte protein secretome response. An important role for BCP-dependent TGF-β signaling was identified in development of a pro-inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H M J Stassen
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B A C Housmans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Smagul
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - M J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - L W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Chabronova A, van den Akker GGH, Housmans BAC, Caron MMJ, Cremers A, Surtel DAM, Wichapong K, Peffers MMJ, van Rhijn LW, Marchand V, Motorin Y, Welting TJM. Ribosomal RNA-based epitranscriptomic regulation of chondrocyte translation and proteome in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:374-385. [PMID: 36621590 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis-related cartilage extracellular matrix remodeling is dependent on changes in chondrocyte protein expression. Yet, the role of ribosomes in chondrocyte translation regulation is unknown. In this exploratory study, we investigated ribosomal RNA (rRNA) epitranscriptomic-based ribosome heterogeneity in human articular chondrocytes and its relevance for osteoarthritis. METHODS Sequencing-based rRNA 2'-O-methylation profiling analysis (RiboMethSeq) was performed on non-OA primary human articular chondrocytes (n = 5) exposed for 14 days to osteoarthritic synovial fluid (14 donors, pooled, 20% v/v). The SW1353 SNORD71 KO cell pool was generated using LentiCRISPRv2/Cas9. The mode of translation initiation and fidelity were determined by dual-luciferase reporters. The cellular proteome was analyzed by LC-MS/MS and collagen type I protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting. Loading of COL1A1 mRNA into polysomes was determined by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and fractionation. RESULTS We discovered that osteoarthritic synovial fluid instigates site-specific changes in the rRNA 2'-O-me profile of primary human articular chondrocytes. We identified five sites with differential 2'-O-me levels. The 2'-O-me status of 5.8S-U14 (one of identified differential 2'-O-me sites; decreased by 7.7%, 95% CI [0.9-14.5%]) was targeted by depleting the level of its guide snoRNA SNORD71 (50% decrease, 95% CI [33-64%]). This resulted in an altered ribosome translation modus (e.g., CrPV IRES, FC 3, 95% CI [2.2-4.1]) and promoted translation of COL1A1 mRNA which led to increased levels of COL1A1 protein (FC 1.7, 95% CI [1.3-2.0]). CONCLUSIONS Our data identify a novel concept suggesting that articular chondrocytes employ rRNA epitranscriptomic mechanisms in osteoarthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chabronova
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - G G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - B A C Housmans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - K Wichapong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M M J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - V Marchand
- Université de Lorraine, UAR2008 IBSLor CNRS-INSERM, BioPole, Nancy, France
| | - Y Motorin
- Université de Lorraine, UAR2008 IBSLor CNRS-INSERM, BioPole, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR7365 IMoPA, CNRS, BioPole, Nancy, France
| | - T J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Housmans BAC, Neefjes M, Surtel DAM, Vitík M, Cremers A, van Rhijn LW, van der Kraan PM, van den Akker GGH, Welting TJM. Synovial fluid from end-stage osteoarthritis induces proliferation and fibrosis of articular chondrocytes via MAPK and RhoGTPase signaling. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:862-874. [PMID: 35176481 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in the composition of synovial fluid have been associated with adverse effects on cartilage integrity and function. Here, we examined the phenotypic and proliferative behavior of human articular chondrocytes when cultured in vitro for 13 days with synovial fluid derived from end-stage osteoarthritis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chondrocyte proliferation and phenotypical changes induced by osteoarthritic synovial fluid were analyzed using DNA staining, RT-qPCR, immunostainings, and immunoblotting. The molecular mechanisms by which osteoarthritic synovial fluid induced fibrosis and proliferation were studied using a phospho-protein antibody array and luciferase-based transcription factor activity assays. Specific pathway inhibitors were used to probe the involvement of pathways in fibrosis and proliferation. RESULTS Prolonged stimulation with osteoarthritic synovial fluid sustained chondrocyte proliferation and induced profound phenotypic changes, favoring a fibrotic over a chondrogenic or hypertrophic phenotype. A clear loss of chondrogenic markers at both the transcriptional and protein level was observed, while expression of several fibrosis-associated markers were upregulated over time. Phospho-kinase analysis revealed activation of MAPK and RhoGTPase signaling pathways by osteoarthritic synovial fluid, which was confirmed by elevated transcriptional activity of Elk-1 and SRF. Inhibitor studies revealed that ERK played a central role in the loss of chondrocyte phenotype, while EGFR and downstream mediators p38, JNK and Rac/Cdc42 were essential for fibrosis-associated collagen expression. Finally, we identified EGF signaling as a key activator of chondrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Osteoarthritic synovial fluid promoted chondrocyte fibrosis and proliferation through EGF receptor activation and downstream MAPK and RhoGTPase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A C Housmans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Neefjes
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Vitík
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - G G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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van den Akker GGH, Cremers A, Surtel DAM, Voncken W, Welting TJM. Isolation of Nucleus Pulposus and Annulus Fibrosus Cells from the Intervertebral Disc. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2221:41-52. [PMID: 32979197 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0989-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells isolated from the intervertebral disc are often used for in vitro experimentation. Correctly separating the intervertebral disc tissue in annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus is particularly challenging when working with surplus material from surgery or specimens from donors with an advanced age. Moreover, lineage controls are only sparsely reported to verify tissue of origin. Here we describe an approach to intervertebral disc cell isolation from human and bovine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Donatus A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Voncken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Caron MMJ, Emans PJ, Cremers A, Surtel DAM, Coolsen MME, van Rhijn LW, Welting TJM. Hypertrophic differentiation during chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells is stimulated by BMP-2 but suppressed by BMP-7. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:604-13. [PMID: 23353668 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-7 are clinically approved and their recombinant proteins are used for bone tissue regenerative purposes and widely evaluated for cartilage regeneration. Previous comparison of the in vitro chondrogenic characteristics of BMP-2 vs BMP-7 did not address hypertrophic differentiation and characterizing their chondrogenic properties with a focus in on chondrocyte hypertrophy was topic of investigation in this study. DESIGN Equimolar concentrations of BMP-2 or BMP-7 were added to chondrogenic differentiating ATDC5, human bone marrow stem cells or rabbit periosteal explants. Expression of Col2a1, Sox9, Acan, Col10a1, Runx2, ALP, Mmp13, Mef2c and Bapx1/Nkx3.2 was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunoblotting. Glycosaminoglycan content, cell proliferation capacity and ALP activity were analysed by colourimetric analyses. Expression of Bapx1/Nkx3.2 and Sox9 was targeted by transfection of target specific siRNA duplexes. RESULTS BMP-2 dose-dependently increased chondrocyte hypertrophy during chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells, whereas BMP-7 acted hypertrophy-suppressive and chondro-promotive. Both BMPs did not influence cell proliferation, but they did increase total glycosaminoglycan content. In a candidate approach Bapx1/Nkx3.2 was found to be involved in the BMP-7 mediated suppression of chondrocyte hypertrophy in ATDC5 cells. CONCLUSIONS BMP-2 and BMP-7 display opposing actions on the chondrogenic outcome of differentiating progenitor cells: BMP-2 acts a specific inducer of chondrocyte hypertrophy, while BMP-7 appears to increase or maintain chondrogenic potential and prevent chondrocyte hypertrophy. Our results pave the way for an application-dependent differential use of BMP-2 or BMP-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M J Caron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Caron MMJ, Emans PJ, Coolsen MME, Voss L, Surtel DAM, Cremers A, van Rhijn LW, Welting TJM. Redifferentiation of dedifferentiated human articular chondrocytes: comparison of 2D and 3D cultures. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1170-8. [PMID: 22796508 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Three-dimensional (3D) cultures are widely used to redifferentiate chondrocytes. However, the rationale behind the choice for 3D above two-dimensional (2D) cultures is poorly systematically investigated and mainly based on mRNA expression and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. The objective was to determine the differential redifferentiation characteristics of human articular chondrocytes (HACs) in monolayer, alginate beads and pellet culture by investigating mRNA expression, protein expression, GAG content and cell proliferation. DESIGN Dedifferentiated HACs from six individuals were redifferentiated in identical medium conditions for 7 days in monolayer, alginate beads or pellet culture. Read-out parameters were expression of chondrogenic and hypertrophic mRNAs and proteins, GAG content and cell proliferation. RESULTS 3D cultures specifically expressed chondrogenic mRNAs [collagen type II (COL2A1), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9), aggrecan (ACAN)), whereas 2D cultures did not. Hypertrophic mRNAs (collagen type X (COL10A1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) were highly increased in 2D cultures and lower in 3D cultures. Collagen type I (COL1A1) mRNA expression was highest in 3D cultures. Protein expression supports most of the mRNA data, although an important discrepancy was found between mRNA and protein expression of COL2A1 and SOX9 in monolayer culture, stressing on the importance of protein expression analysis. GAG content was highest in 3D cultures, whereas chondrocyte proliferation was almost specific for 2D cultures. CONCLUSIONS For redifferentiation of dedifferentiated HACs, 3D cultures exhibit the most potent chondrogenic potential, whereas a hypertrophic phenotype is best achieved in 2D cultures. This is the first human study that systematically evaluates the differences between proliferation, GAG content, protein expression and mRNA expression of commonly used 2D and 3D chondrocyte culture techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M J Caron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Welting TJM, Caron MMJ, Emans PJ, Janssen MPF, Sanen K, Coolsen MME, Voss L, Surtel DAM, Cremers A, Voncken JW, van Rhijn LW. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 impacts chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation during endochondral ossification. Eur Cell Mater 2011; 22:420-36; discussion 436-7. [PMID: 22183916 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v022a31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletogenesis and bone fracture healing involve endochondral ossification, a process during which cartilaginous primordia are gradually replaced by bone tissue. In line with a role for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the endochondral ossification process, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were reported to negatively affect bone fracture healing due to impaired osteogenesis. However, a role for COX-2 activity in the chondrogenic phase of endochondral ossification has not been addressed before. We show that COX-2 activity fulfils an important regulatory function in chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation. Our data reveal essential cross-talk between COX-2 and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) during chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation. BMP-2 mediated chondrocyte hypertrophy is associated with increased COX-2 expression and pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 activity by NSAIDs (e.g., Celecoxib) decreases hypertrophic differentiation in various chondrogenic models in vitro and in vivo, while leaving early chondrogenic development unaltered. Our findings demonstrate that COX-2 activity is a novel factor partaking in chondrocyte hypertrophy in the context of endochondral ossification and these observations provide a novel etiological perspective on the adverse effects of NSAIDs on bone fracture healing and have important implications for the use of NSAIDs during endochondral skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J M Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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