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Bathrick AS, Norsworthy S, Plaza DT, McCormick MN, Slack D, Ramotowski RS. DNA recovery after sequential processing of latent fingerprints on black polyethylene plastic. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:993-1001. [PMID: 38402545 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Latent fingerprints on plastic substrates can be visualized by using sequential treatments to enhance the contrast between the fingerprint residues and underlying substrate; however, the extent to which these processes affect subsequent DNA analysis is mostly unknown. Latent fingerprints deposited on black plastic by one donor were visualized with single-process fingerprint powders (i.e., white powder, bichromatic powder, or bichromatic magnetic powder) or sequential treatments (i.e., laser → reflected ultraviolet imaging system (RUVIS) → CA fuming → RUVIS → Rhodamine 6G, Ardrox, and MBD (RAM) or CA fuming → RAM/laser → bichromatic magnetic powder). Samples were examined after the addition of each treatment. DNA was collected using cotton swabs, extracted, quantified, and amplified. DNA yields, peak heights, number of alleles obtained, and percentage of DNA profiles eligible for CODIS upload were examined. Latent fingerprints processed with the laser and up to three sequential treatments generated DNA profiles with significantly higher peaks heights than those of the untreated samples. Fingerprints processed with the laser and up to two sequential treatments generated DNA profiles with significantly more alleles. All methods beginning with laser enhancement generated more CODIS-eligible profiles. Additional research is needed to determine the extent to which initial laser enhancement impacts the success of downstream DNA profiling results. Although DNA profile development is not guaranteed due to the variable quantities of DNA contained within latent fingerprints, the selection of an appropriate latent fingerprint visualization method could maximize both fingerprint detection and the generation of CODIS-eligible DNA profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Norsworthy
- Forensic Technology Center of Excellence, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Mallory N McCormick
- Forensic Services Division, United States Secret Service, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donia Slack
- Forensic Technology Center of Excellence, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert S Ramotowski
- Forensic Services Division, United States Secret Service, Washington, DC, USA
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Rodriguez AL, Smiley-McDonald HM, Cummings MS, Wire S, Slack D, Williams CL, Keyes KA, Ropero-Miller JD. Understanding unidentified human remains investigations through the United States census data. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2022; 4:100225. [PMID: 35368618 PMCID: PMC8968461 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Each year, thousands of unidentified human remains (UHR) cases are reported in the U.S. Technological advances have greatly enhanced the forensic community's capacity and capability to solve UHR cases, but little is known about the extent to which these resources are used by medical examiners and coroners (MECs). Using public datasets, the study purpose is to describe the current state MEC system with respect to UHR cases, the resources used to investigate these cases, and the evidence retention polices in place. There was an overall decline in UHR cases reported between 2004 and 2018. Less than half of MECs in both study years reported having established written final disposition and evidence retention policies for UHR cases. National missing persons databases were underused. This study provides an important window into the present state of UHRs being handled by our Nation's MEC offices and the resources available to solve these difficult cases.
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Bathrick AS, Norsworthy S, Plaza DT, McCormick MN, Slack D, Ramotowski RS. DNA recovery after sequential processing of latent fingerprints on copy paper. J Forensic Sci 2021; 67:149-160. [PMID: 34498754 PMCID: PMC9291209 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Forensic examiners must determine whether both latent fingerprint development and DNA profiling can be performed on the same area of an evidence item and, if only one is possible, which examination offers the best chance for identification. Latent fingerprints can be enhanced by targeting different components of fingerprint residues with sequential chemical treatments. This study investigated the effects of single-reagent and sequential latent fingerprint development processes on downstream DNA analysis to determine the point at which latent fingerprint development should be stopped to allow for DNA recovery. Latent fingerprints deposited on copy paper by one donor were developed using three sequential processes: 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) → ninhydrin → physical developer (PD); 1,2-indanedione-zinc (IND-Zn) → ninhydrin → PD; and IND-Zn → ninhydrin → Oil Red O (ORO) → PD. Samples were examined after the addition of each chemical treatment. DNA was collected with cotton swabs, extracted, quantified, and amplified. DNA yields, peak heights, number of alleles obtained, and percentage of DNA profiles eligible for CODIS upload were examined. DNA profiles were obtained with varying degrees of success, depending on the number and type of treatments used for latent fingerprint development. The treatments that were found to be the least harmful to downstream DNA analysis were IND-Zn and IND-Zn/laser, and the most detrimental treatments were DFO, DFO/laser, and PD. In general, as the number of treatments increase, the opportunities for DNA loss or damage also increase, and it is preferable to use fewer treatments when developing latent fingerprints prior to downstream DNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Norsworthy
- Forensic Technology Center of Excellence, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Mallory N McCormick
- Forensic Services Division, United States Secret Service, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donia Slack
- Forensic Technology Center of Excellence, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Ramotowski
- Forensic Services Division, United States Secret Service, Washington, DC, USA
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Schmidt JA, Thomassen KI, Goldston RJ, Neilson GH, Nevins WM, Sinnis JC, Andersen P, Bair W, Barr WL, Batchelor DB, Baxi C, Berg G, Bernabei S, Bialek JM, Bonoli PT, Boozer A, Bowers D, Bronner G, Brooks JN, Brown TG, Bulmer R, Butner D, Campbell R, Casper T, Chaniotakis E, Chaplin M, Chen SJ, Chin E, Chrzanowski J, Citrolo J, Cole MJ, Dahlgren F, Davis FC, Davis J, Davis S, Diatchenko N, Dinkevich S, Feldshteyn Y, Felker B, Feng T, Fenstermacher ME, Fleming R, Fogarty PJ, Fragetta W, Fredd E, Gabler M, Galambos J, Gohar Y, Goranson PL, Greenough N, Grisham LR, Haines J, Haney S, Hassenzahl W, Heim J, Heitzenroeder PJ, Hill DN, Hodapp T, Houlberg WA, Hubbard A, Hyatt A, Jackson M, Jaeger EF, Jardin SC, Johnson J, Jones GH, Juliano DR, Junge R, Kalish M, Kessel CE, Knutson D, LaHaye RJ, Lang DD, Langley RA, Liew SL, Lu E, Mantz H, Manickam J, Mau TK, Medley S, Mikkelsen DR, Miller R, Monticello D, Morgan D, Moroz P, Motloch C, Mueller J, Myatt L, Nelson BE, Neumeyer CL, Nilson D, O'Conner T, Pearlstein LD, Peebles WA, Pelovitz M, Perkins FW, Perkins LJ, Petersen D, Pillsbury R, Politzer PA, Pomphrey N, Porkolab M, Posey A, Radovinsky A, Raftopoulis S, Ramakrishnan S, Ramos J, Rauch W, Ravenscroft D, Redler K, Reiersen WT, Reiman A, Reis E, Rewoldt G, Richards DJ, Rocco R, Rognlien TD, Ruzic D, Sabbagh S, Sapp J, Sayer RO, Scharer JE, Schmitz L, Schnitz J, Sevier L, Shipley SE, Simmons RT, Slack D, Smith GR, Stambaugh R, Steill G, Stevenson T, Stoenescu S, Onge KTS, Stotler DP, Strait T, Strickler DJ, Swain DW, Tang W, Tuszewski M, Ulrickson MA, VonHalle A, Walker MS, Wang C, Wang P, Warren J, Werley KA, West WP, Williams F, Wong R, Wright K, Wurden GA, Yugo JJ, Zakharov L, Zbasnik J. The design of the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX). J Fusion Energ 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01079667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Beebe HG, Starr C, Slack D. Carotid artery stump pressure: its variability when measured serially. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1989; 30:419-23. [PMID: 2745529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
At 189 operations in 174 patients, carotid artery stump pressure (CSP) was measured serially to determine variability during carotid endarterectomy with eucarbic general anesthesia. Overall, 34 of 174 (19.5%) had significant variation in CSP which would have affected selective use of a bypass shunt based on CSP criteria. In those with CSP initially below 50 torr, 26 of 76 (34%) rose above 50 torr even, though systemic pressure was constant or declined. Eight of 113 pts (7%) with initial CSP equal to or above 50 torr subsequent had CSP below 50 torr. CSP did not vary as a function of age, sex, intracranial disease judged by biplanar arteriography, or contralateral carotid stenosis but did vary with preoperative status. Asymptomatic patients had CSP above 50 torr in a high proportion of cases, 24 of 27 (89%) unlike those with TIA, 72 of 116 (62%) or prior stroke, 17 of 31 (54%) (P = 0.003). We conclude that carotid stump pressure is variable in many patients which may account for some of the conflicting observations on the need for shunts in carotid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Beebe
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Virginia Mason Clinic, Seattle, Washington
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