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Kinyatta N, Wachira D, Githae R, Lusweti J, Ingonga J, Ichugu C, Maina C, Haji R, Kimani F, Musili R, Muli J, Kamau L. Detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in human blood samples and mosquitoes in Matayos, Busia County-Kenya. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19420. [PMID: 37940673 PMCID: PMC10632445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito borne disease which leads to abnormal painful enlarged body parts, severe disability and social stigma. We screened Wuchereria bancrofti in Matayos constituency in Busia County. Blood samples were collected from 23 villages selected purposively based on clinical case reports. Finger prick and/or venous blood sampling and mosquito collections was carried out. Antigenaemia and filarial DNA prevalence were determined. Infection rates on mosquito pools were estimated and SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive statistics analysis. A total of 262 participants were recruited, 73.3% (n = 192) of the participants had no symptoms, 14.1% (n = 5.3) had swollen legs, 5.3% (n = 14) had painful legs and 3.8% (n = 10) with scrotal swellings. Average antigenemia prevalence was 35.9% (n = 94) and DNA prevalence was at 8.0% (n = 21). A total of 1305 mosquitoes were collected and pooled into 2-20 mosquitoes of the same species and from the same village. Two pools out of 78 were positive for filarial DNA with a minimum infection rate of 0.15%. From this study, antigenaemia and infected mosquitoes are an indication of active transmission. The clinical signs are evidence that filarial infections have been in circulation for over 10 years. The global climate change phenomenon currently happening has been shown to adversely affect the transmission of vector borne diseases and is likely to increase lymphatic filariasis transmission in the area. This study therefore recommends further screening before Mass Drug Administration, morbidity management and enhanced mosquito control Programmes are recommended in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Kinyatta
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Dorcas Wachira
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Githae
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Japheth Lusweti
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Johnstone Ingonga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christine Ichugu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caroline Maina
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rukiya Haji
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Kimani
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rael Musili
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacinta Muli
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Luna Kamau
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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Muriuki BM, Gicheru MM, Wachira D, Nyamache AK, Khamadi SA. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral co-infections among HIV-1 infected individuals in Nairobi, Kenya. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:363. [PMID: 24016453 PMCID: PMC3844558 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infections among HIV-1 infected individuals are growing worldwide health problems characterized by lack of effective vaccines, need for expensive treatment, chronicity of morbidity and associated mortality. Their prevalence and distribution patterns continue to vary across geographical locations with high prevalence being detected among high risk populations. To determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV among HIV-1 infected individuals, blood samples were collected from consenting study subjects visiting comprehensive HIV clinics in Nairobi during the period between October and December 2009. Methods Blood samples from volunteers were screened with ELISA tests for detecting HIV, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies. Results In a total of three (300) hundred infected individuals consisting of 129 (43%) males and 171 (57%) females 15.3% (46/300) were HIV-1 co-infected with either HBV or HCV or both, 10.3% (31/300) with HIV-1 and HCV and 6% (18/300) with HIV-1 and HBV infections. However, only three individuals (1%) were coinfected with the three viruses (HIV/HBV/HCV). Conclusion Though, low levels of co-infection with all three viruses were reported, there could be higher prevalence rates than reported here especially among high risk populations.
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