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Schliebe N, Strotmann R, Busse K, Mitschke D, Biebermann H, Schomburg L, Köhrle J, Bär J, Römpler H, Wess J, Schöneberg T, Sangkuhl K. V2 vasopressin receptor deficiency causes changes in expression and function of renal and hypothalamic components involved in electrolyte and water homeostasis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1177-90. [PMID: 18715941 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00465.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyuria, hypernatremia, and hypovolemia are the major clinical signs of inherited nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). Hypernatremia is commonly considered a secondary sign caused by the net loss of water due to insufficient insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels into the apical membrane of the collecting duct cells. In the present study, we employed transcriptome-wide expression analysis to study gene expression in V2 vasopressin receptor (Avpr2)-deficient mice, an animal model for X-linked NDI. Gene expression changes in NDI mice indicate increased proximal tubular sodium reabsorption. Expression of several key genes including Na+-K+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrases was increased at the mRNA levels and accompanied by enhanced enzyme activities. In addition, altered expression was also observed for components of the eicosanoid and thyroid hormone pathways, including cyclooxygenases and deiodinases, in both kidney and hypothalamus. These effects are likely to contribute to the clinical NDI phenotype. Finally, our data highlight the involvement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in NDI pathophysiology and provide clues to explain the effectiveness of diuretics and indomethacin in the treatment of NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schliebe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Mitschke D, Reichel A, Fricker G, Moenning U. Characterization of Cytochrome P450 Protein Expression along the Entire Length of the Intestine of Male and Female Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:1039-45. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.019687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Schulz A, Römpler H, Mitschke D, Thor D, Schliebe N, Hermsdorf T, Strotmann R, Sangkuhl K, Schöneberg T. Molecular basis and clinical features of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2006; 1:727-741. [PMID: 30754158 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.1.6.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis is central to mammalian survival and, therefore, under stringent hormonal control. Water homeostasis is achieved by balancing fluid intake with water excretion, governed by the antidiuretic action of arginine vasopressin. Arginine vasopressin stimulation of renal V2 vasopressin receptors in the basolateral membrane of principal cells induces aquaporin-2-mediated water reabsorption in the kidney. The importance of this system is apparent when mutations inactivate V2 vasopressin receptors and aquaporin-2 and cause the clinical phenotype of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. To date, over 190 mutations in the V2 vasopressin receptors gene (AVPR2) and approximately 38 mutations in the aquaporin-2 gene have been identified in patients with inherited nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Extensive in vitro expression and mutagenesis studies of V2 vasopressin receptors and aquaporin-2 have provided detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptor and water channel dysfunction per se. Targeted deletions of AVPR2 and AQP2 in mice have extended the knowledge of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus pathophysiology and have stimulated testing of old and new ideas to therapeutically restore normal kidney function in animal models and patients with this disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge relevant to understand the molecular basis of inherited nephrogenic diabetes insipidus forms and the rationales for the current pharmacological treatment of patients with this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schulz
- a University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Holger Römpler
- b University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Doreen Mitschke
- c University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Doreen Thor
- d University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nicole Schliebe
- e University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hermsdorf
- f University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rainer Strotmann
- g University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Katrin Sangkuhl
- h Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, USA.
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- i University of Leipzig, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Hult M, Shafqat N, Elleby B, Mitschke D, Svensson S, Forsgren M, Barf T, Vallgårda J, Abrahmsen L, Oppermann U. Active site variability of type 1 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase revealed by selective inhibitors and cross-species comparisons. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 248:26-33. [PMID: 16431016 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The NADPH-dependent enzyme type 1 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD1) activates in a tissue-specific manner circulating pro-glucocorticoid hormones (cortisone in humans) to the 11beta-OH ligand (cortisol in humans), which is able to bind to its cognate receptor and regulate gene transcription. Modulation of this pre-receptor activation mechanism by selective enzyme inhibitors is a desirable goal in the treatment of insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders. Like most other hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 11beta-HSD1 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved enzyme superfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR). The enzyme is anchored within the endoplasmic reticulum through an N-terminal transmembrane domain. In this study we aimed to characterize the active site of mammalian 11beta-HSD1 by determining primary structures from several mammalian lines (cat, hamster, cynomolgus, chimpanzee, dog) thus increasing substantially available sequence information, and allowing us to determine highly variable and constant parts within the primary structure. These regions were mapped to the recently determined three-dimensional structure and are mostly found around the substrate binding site. Furthermore we performed inhibition studies by using different series of inhibitors, comprising 11beta-HSD1 selective arylsulfonamidothiazoles and the unselective steroid-based compound carbenoxolone. The different arylsulfonamidothiazoles display distinct inhibition profiles versus the mammalian species tested, with several tight binding inhibitors for the human enzyme (Ki approximately 50 nM), intermediate for mouse, and weak or not binding inhibitors for rat and guinea pig (Ki>3 microM). Analysis of the inhibition mode reveals that the tight binding inhibitor BVT.528 is a competitive inhibitor for the human form, whereas the related compound BVT.2733 displays a mixed-type inhibition pattern versus the mouse enzyme. Taken together, this structure-activity study provides increased insight into active site complexity and catalytic mechanism of 11beta-HSD1, useful for further inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Hult
- Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lee HR, Robinett H, Mitschke D, Lowery St John T, Reyes M, Tamai T. Smoking cessation in Hawaii: implications and future directions. Hawaii Med J 2005; 64:314-5, 325. [PMID: 16438024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H R Lee
- Department of Speech Communication, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA
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