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Skwarecki AS, Martynow D, Milewska MJ, Milewski S. Molecular Umbrella as a Nanocarrier for Antifungals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185475. [PMID: 34576946 PMCID: PMC8465315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular umbrella composed of two O-sulfated cholic acid residues was applied for the construction of conjugates with cispentacin, containing a “trimethyl lock” (TML) or o-dithiobenzylcarbamoyl moiety as a cleavable linker. Three out of five conjugates demonstrated antifungal in vitro activity against C. albicans and C. glabrata but not against C. krusei, with MIC90 values in the 0.22–0.99 mM range and were not hemolytic. Antifungal activity of the most active conjugate 24c, containing the TML–pimelate linker, was comparable to that of intact cispentacin. A structural analogue of 24c, containing the Nap-NH2 fluorescent probe, was accumulated in Candida cells, and TML-containing conjugates were cleaved in cell-free extract of C. albicans cells. These results suggest that a molecular umbrella can be successfully applied as a nanocarrier for the construction of cleavable antifungal conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S. Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Dorota Martynow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Maria J. Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.S.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-347-2107
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Ptaszyńska N, Gucwa K, Olkiewicz K, Heldt M, Serocki M, Stupak A, Martynow D, Dębowski D, Gitlin-Domagalska A, Lica J, Łęgowska A, Milewski S, Rolka K. Conjugates of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin with Cell-Penetrating Peptide Exhibit Antifungal Activity and Mammalian Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134696. [PMID: 32630159 PMCID: PMC7369900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven conjugates composed of well-known fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents, ciprofloxacin (CIP) or levofloxacin (LVX), and a cell-penetrating peptide transportan 10 (TP10-NH2) were synthesised. The drugs were covalently bound to the peptide via an amide bond, methylenecarbonyl moiety, or a disulfide bridge. Conjugation of fluoroquinolones to TP10-NH2 resulted in congeners demonstrating antifungal in vitro activity against human pathogenic yeasts of the Candida genus (MICs in the 6.25–100 µM range), whereas the components were poorly active. The antibacterial in vitro activity of most of the conjugates was lower than the activity of CIP or LVX, but the antibacterial effect of CIP-S-S-TP10-NH2 was similar to the mother fluoroquinolone. Additionally, for two representative CIP and LVX conjugates, a rapid bactericidal effect was shown. Compared to fluoroquinolones, TP10-NH2 and the majority of its conjugates generated a relatively low level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and human myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60). The conjugates exhibited cytotoxicity against three cell lines, HEK293, HepG2 (human liver cancer cell line), and LLC-PK1 (old male pig kidney cells), with IC50 values in the 10–100 µM range and hemolytic activity. The mammalian toxicity was due to the intrinsic cytoplasmic membrane disruption activity of TP10-NH2 since fluoroquinolones themselves were not cytotoxic. Nevertheless, the selectivity index values of the conjugates, both for the bacteria and human pathogenic yeasts, remained favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ptaszyńska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.P.); (K.G.); (K.O.); (D.D.); (A.G.-D.); (A.Ł.); (K.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Gucwa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.P.); (K.G.); (K.O.); (D.D.); (A.G.-D.); (A.Ł.); (K.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Olkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.P.); (K.G.); (K.O.); (D.D.); (A.G.-D.); (A.Ł.); (K.R.)
| | - Mateusz Heldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Marcin Serocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Stupak
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Dorota Martynow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.P.); (K.G.); (K.O.); (D.D.); (A.G.-D.); (A.Ł.); (K.R.)
| | - Agata Gitlin-Domagalska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.P.); (K.G.); (K.O.); (D.D.); (A.G.-D.); (A.Ł.); (K.R.)
| | - Jan Lica
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.P.); (K.G.); (K.O.); (D.D.); (A.G.-D.); (A.Ł.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Łęgowska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.P.); (K.G.); (K.O.); (D.D.); (A.G.-D.); (A.Ł.); (K.R.)
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.H.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.P.); (K.G.); (K.O.); (D.D.); (A.G.-D.); (A.Ł.); (K.R.)
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Szepiński E, Martynow D, Szweda P, Milewska MJ, Milewski S. Voriconazole-Based Salts Are Active against Multidrug-Resistant Human Pathogenic Yeasts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203635. [PMID: 31600925 PMCID: PMC6832385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Voriconazole (VOR) hydrochloride is unequivocally converted into VOR lactates and valinates upon reaction with silver salts of organic acids. This study found that the anticandidal in vitro activity of these compounds was comparable or slightly better than that of VOR. The Candida albicans clinical isolate overexpressing CaCDR1/CaCDR2 genes, highly resistant to VOR, was apparently more susceptible to VOR salts. On the other hand, the susceptibility of another C. albicans clinical isolate (demonstrating multidrug resistance due to the overexpression of CaMDR1) to VOR salts was comparable to that to VOR. Comparative studies on the influence of VOR and its salts on Rhodamine 6G efflux from susceptible and multidrug-resistant C. albicans cells revealed that VOR salts are poorer substrates for the CaCdr1p drug efflux pump than VOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Szepiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dorota Martynow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Szweda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Skwarecki AS, Schielmann M, Martynow D, Kawczyński M, Wiśniewska A, Milewska MJ, Milewski S. Antifungal dipeptides incorporating an inhibitor of homoserine dehydrogenase. J Pept Sci 2018; 24. [PMID: 29322651 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal activity of 5-hydroxy-4-oxo-l-norvaline (HONV), exhibited under conditions mimicking human serum, may be improved upon incorporation of this amino acid into a dipeptide structure. Several HONV-containing dipeptides inhibited growth of human pathogenic yeasts of the Candida genus in the RPMI-1640 medium, with minimal inhibitory concentration values in the 32 to 64 μg mL-1 range. This activity was not affected by multidrug resistance that is caused by overexpression of genes encoding drug efflux proteins. The mechanism of antifungal action of HONV dipeptides involved uptake by the oligopeptide transport system, subsequent intracellular cleavage by cytosolic peptidases, and inhibition of homoserine dehydrogenase by the released HONV. The relative transport rates determined the anticandidal activity of HONV dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Schielmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Martynow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Kawczyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wiśniewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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Ptaszyńska N, Gucwa K, Łęgowska A, Dębowski D, Gitlin-Domagalska A, Lica J, Heldt M, Martynow D, Olszewski M, Milewski S, Ng TB, Rolka K. Antimicrobial Activity of Chimera Peptides Composed of Human Neutrophil Peptide 1 (HNP-1) Truncated Analogues and Bovine Lactoferrampin. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3060-3071. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ptaszyńska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gucwa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Łęgowska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Gitlin-Domagalska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Lica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Heldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Martynow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Skwarecki AS, Skarbek K, Martynow D, Serocki M, Bylińska I, Milewska MJ, Milewski S. Molecular Umbrellas Modulate the Selective Toxicity of Polyene Macrolide Antifungals. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1454-1465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Irena Bylińska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Schielmann M, Szweda P, Gucwa K, Kawczyński M, Milewska MJ, Martynow D, Morschhäuser J, Milewski S. Transport Deficiency Is the Molecular Basis of Candida albicans Resistance to Antifungal Oligopeptides. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2154. [PMID: 29163437 PMCID: PMC5673977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligopeptides incorporating N3-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (FMDP), an inhibitor of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, exhibited growth inhibitory activity against Candida albicans, with minimal inhibitory concentration values in the 0.05-50 μg mL-1 range. Uptake by the peptide permeases was found to be the main factor limiting an anticandidal activity of these compounds. Di- and tripeptide containing FMDP (F2 and F3) were transported by Ptr2p/Ptr22p peptide transporters (PTR) and FMDP-containing hexa-, hepta-, and undecapeptide (F6, F7, and F11) were taken up by the oligopeptide transporters (OPT) oligopeptide permeases, preferably by Opt2p/Opt3p. A phenotypic, apparent resistance of C. albicans to FMDP-oligopeptides transported by OPT permeases was triggered by the environmental factors, whereas resistance to those taken up by the PTR system had a genetic basis. Anticandidal activity of longer FMDP-oligopeptides was strongly diminished in minimal media containing easily assimilated ammonium sulfate or L-glutamine as the nitrogen source, both known to downregulate expression of the OPT genes. All FMDP-oligopeptides tested were more active at lower pH and this effect was slightly more remarkable for peptides F6, F7, and F11, compared to F2 and F3. Formation of isolated colonies was observed inside the growth inhibitory zones induced by F2 and F3 but not inside those induced by F6, F7, and F11. The vast majority (98%) of those colonies did not originate from truly resistant cells. The true resistance of 2% of isolates was due to the impaired transport of di- and to a lower extent, tripeptides. The resistant cells did not exhibit a lower expression of PTR2, PTR22, or OPT1-3 genes, but mutations in the PTR2 gene resulting in T422H, A320S, D119V, and A320S substitutions in the amino acid sequence of Ptr2p were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Schielmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Szweda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gucwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Kawczyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Martynow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joachim Morschhäuser
- Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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