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Eckhardt LGJ, Kelley JL, Maes D. Challenges in managing a multifactorial eosinophilic pneumonia: daptomycin vs strongyloidiasis case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:873. [PMID: 36418971 PMCID: PMC9682830 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilia is defined as a blood eosinophil count > 500/mcL with etiology usually an allergic reaction or parasitic infection which can lead to serious organ damage. CASE PRESENTATION A patient being treated for hardware infection develops eosinophilia while on daptomycin in the setting of a positive strongyloides antibody. The patient was on chronic steroids prior to admission for epitheliopathy which complicated care. The daptomycin was discontinued, ivermectin initiated to treat strongyloidiasis, and high dose steroids initiated simultaneously. Eosinophilia resolved and patient discharged home after two months in the hospital. CONCLUSION Multifactorial eosinophilia poses question of steroid harm in the setting of parasitic infection. Patient was treated for both strongyloides and daptomycin induced eosinophilia with improvement and discharge from the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda G. J. Eckhardt
- grid.413001.70000 0004 0403 4646Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare Good Samaritan Hospital, 310 South Limestone, B003, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ,grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Jordan L. Kelley
- grid.413001.70000 0004 0403 4646Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare Good Samaritan Hospital, 310 South Limestone, B003, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ,grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Dorothy Maes
- grid.461341.50000 0004 0402 4392Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Kentucky Clinic, Room K504, 740 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
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Maes D, De Schauwer C. Vraag & Antwoord. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2022. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.85204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematocrietwaarden bij varkens
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Michiels A, Vrielinck J, Dalle S, Maes D. Contaminatiegraad van vaccinatiespuiten voor varkens en beïnvloedende factoren. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2022. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.84798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Goede vaccinatiepraktijken dragen bij tot een goede werkzaamheid van een vaccin. Deze studie had als doelstelling om de hygiëne van vaccinatiespuiten op varkensbedrijven te onderzoeken. De contaminatiegraad met bacteriën, gisten en schimmels en mogelijke risicofactoren hiervoor van 79 vaccinatiespuiten werd onderzocht, alsook het effect van herhaaldelijk injecteren van de huid op contaminatie van de vaccinfles. Het percentage spuiten met een lage (<10 kolonievormende eenheden, KVE/ml), matige (11-10000 KVE/ml) en hoge (>10000 KVE/ml) contaminatie met bacteriën bedroeg respectievelijk 32, 27 en 42. Voor de gisten/schimmels was het percentage contaminatie van de spuiten respectievelijk 49, 37 en 14 voor de hogergenoemde categorieën. De contaminatie was significant lager bij spuiten die gereinigd en in de koelkast bewaard werden. Het aanprikken van de huid resulteerde in een variabele bacteriële contaminatie, maar had weinig invloed op de gisten/schimmeltelling. Het onderzoek toont aan dat vaccinatiespuiten voor varkens erg gecontamineerd kunnen zijn en dat bepaalde maatregelen zoals de spuit reinigen en in de koelkast bewaren, gunstig zijn.
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Marynissen S, Malik M, Maes D, Stammeleer L. Vraag & Antwoord. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2022. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.84670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
- Intestinaal microbioom/dysbiose-index bij chronische darmproblemen bij kleine huisdieren
- Effect of anemia on performance and immune response in piglets
- Behandeling van FIP bij katten
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Cox E, Devriendt B, Maes D. Vraag & Antwoord. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v90i4.20718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinatie van zeugen
Economisch belang van pneumonie en pleuritis bij slachtvarkens
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Schoos A, De Spiegelaere W, Cools A, Pardon B, Van Audenhove E, Bernaerdt E, Janssens GPJ, Maes D. Evaluation of the agreement between Brix refractometry and serum immunoglobulin concentration in neonatal piglets. Animal 2021; 15:100041. [PMID: 33516000 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal piglets lack immunoglobulins at birth. Sufficient colostrum intake (CI) and immunoglobulin absorption are essential for an appropriate passive transfer of immunity via the colostrum. Most methods to measure immunoglobulins in serum of piglets are labour-intensive, expensive or imprecise and not designed for on-farm use. The present diagnostic test study evaluated digital Brix refractometry to measure immunoglobulins in serum of neonatal piglets and to suggest thresholds for different serum immunoglobulin concentration. Additionally, agreements between Brix refractometry and optical refractometer (serum total protein, STP) and between Brix refractometry and ELISA (immunoglobulin G, IgG) were also investigated. Forty-five sows and 269 piglets from three different farms were enrolled in the study. Piglets were weighed at birth and 24 h later to calculate the CI. Serum was collected at 24 h after birth and analysed for STP, γ-globulins (electrophoresis), % Brix and IgG. In piglets, median (interquartile range, IQR) CI was 412 (196) g per piglet. Median (IQR) STP, γ-globulin and % Brix concentrations in piglet serum were 60 (11) g/L, 35 (10) g/L and 8 (2) %, respectively. Average (±SD) IgG concentration was 49 ± 23 g/L. Passing-Bablok regression revealed a strong concordance between % Brix and STP (Kendall's tau (Τ): 0.620, P < 0.0001, n = 267) and % Brix and γ-globulin concentration (Kendall's Τ: 0.575, P < 0.0001, n = 267). The agreement between the Brix refractometer and IgG concentration was poor (Kendall's Τ: 0.267, P < 0.0001, n = 269). Receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to evaluate test characteristics of Brix refractometry for three γ-globulin cut-off values, i.e. 10, 20 and 30 g/L. The % Brix cut-off values resulting in the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity were 5.4 (100 and 98.5%), 7.0 (100 and 89.3%) and 7.9 (90.1 and 80.6%), respectively. In conclusion, digital Brix refractometry is a sufficiently fast and practical method to assess serum γ-globulin concentrations in neonatal piglets on-farm and to evaluate them by considering the thresholds found in this study. Further studies are needed to validate those thresholds regarding piglet's survival in the pre-weaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schoos
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - W De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Cools
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Van Audenhove
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Bernaerdt
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - G P J Janssens
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - D Maes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Cargnel M, Maes D, Peeters L, Dispas M. Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to determine viability of a potential Salmonella Typhimurium vaccination program in pigs in Belgium. Prev Vet Med 2020; 184:105132. [PMID: 32992241 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinating pigs against Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) might be a way to control ST infections at farm level and reduce human infections. Two main issues have to be addressed before such a mandatory vaccination program can be implemented: the effective reduction of attributable human incidence has to be demonstrated and all socio-economic barriers impacting the attitude and motivation of the pig sector have to be lifted. The present research used a quantitative microbial risk assessment model to estimate the effect of different hypothetical Salmonella spp. and ST mitigation strategies on the annual prevalence of human salmonellosis along the minced pork production chain. In addition, a qualitative study aimed to list the potential concerns of the pig sector about the implementation of a hypothetical future vaccination program. The following themes were the most often mentioned: awareness, vaccine cost-benefit/effectiveness, legislation, monovalent vaccine, time and labour required to vaccinate, vaccine registration and trade restriction. Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of vaccination were cited by all the key interviewees (n = 12). However, based on the quantitative microbial risk assessment model, vaccination alone may not be sufficiently effective to reduce the annual human salmonellosis prevalence. A combination of different control measures along the food chain, with a special focus on interventions at the slaughterhouse, might be more effective in achieving the desired goal than vaccination alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cargnel
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health Directorate, Veterinary Epidemiology Service, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - D Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L Peeters
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Dispas
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health Directorate, Veterinary Epidemiology Service, Brussels, Belgium
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De Meyer D, Amalraj A, Van Limbergen T, Fockedey M, Edwards S, Moustsen VA, Chantziaras I, Maes D. Short Communication: effect of positive handling of sows on litter performance and pre-weaning piglet mortality. Animal 2020; 14:1733-1739. [PMID: 32178758 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear and environmental stressors may negatively affect the welfare of farm animals such as pigs. The present study investigated the effects of music and positive handling on reproductive performance of sows (n = 1014; parity 1 to 8) from a commercial pig farm practicing a batch farrowing system. Every 2 weeks, 56 sows were moved from the gestation unit to conventional-crated farrowing houses 1 week prior to expected farrowing. Treated (T; n = 299) and control (C; n = 715) sows were included in the study. In the farrowing houses, auditory enrichment (music from a radio) was provided to sows of T groups daily from 0600 to 1800 h until the end of lactation. Until the day of farrowing, T sows were additionally subjected, for 15 s per day per sow, to continuous back scratching by one member of farm staff. Litter performance and piglet mortality were recorded and analysed between T and C sows using linear mixed regression models. The number of liveborn piglets (C 13.85 v. T 13.26) and liveborn corrected for fostering (C 13.85 v. T 13.43) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in C groups compared to the T groups. The number of stillborn piglets was 0.60 and 0.72 in T and C groups, respectively (P > 0.05). With regard to piglet mortality, a linear mixed regression model showed a significant overall effect of treatment in reducing piglet mortality (P < 0.01). Yet, the effect of treatment varied according to litter size (number of liveborn piglets) with a diminishing treatment effect in sows with a high litter size (P < 0.01). Pre-weaning survival was improved in the current study by the combined effect of daily back scratching of sows prior to farrowing and providing music to sows and piglets during lactation. Further research is needed to assess the separate effects of both interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Meyer
- Vedanko BVBA, Keukelstraat 66a, 8750Wingene, Belgium
| | - A Amalraj
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - T Van Limbergen
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Fockedey
- Vedanko BVBA, Keukelstraat 66a, 8750Wingene, Belgium
| | - S Edwards
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon TyneNE1 7RU, UK
| | - V A Moustsen
- SEGES Danish Pig Research Centre, Agro Food Park 15, DK 8620Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - I Chantziaras
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820Merelbeke, Belgium
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, B. Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - D Maes
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820Merelbeke, Belgium
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Neirynck W, Maes D. Vraag & Antwoord. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2020. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v89i1.15986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Behandeling van otitis interna bij varkens
Subklinische coccidiose infectie bij biggen
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Peeters L, Dewulf J, Boyen F, Brossé C, Vandersmissen T, Rasschaert G, Heyndrickx M, Cargnel M, Mattheus W, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F, Maes D. Evaluation of group vaccination of sows and gilts against Salmonella Typhimurium with an attenuated vaccine in subclinically infected pig herds. Prev Vet Med 2020; 182:104884. [PMID: 32536448 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical Salmonella Typhimurium infections occur frequently in pigs and constitute a major risk for human salmonellosis. With the currently available control measures, Salmonella Typhimurium infections in pigs remain difficult to control. Vaccination has been proposed to be an effective tool to control infections at farm level. In the current study, the effect of group vaccination of sows and gilts against Salmonella Typhimurium is evaluated on Salmonella prevalence in fecal and overshoe samples and ileocecal lymph nodes, and on serology in the sows and their offspring in three subclinically infected pig farms. In each farm, all sows and gilts were vaccinated twice, three weeks apart, with an attenuated histidine-adenine auxotrophic vaccine (Salmoporc®, IDT Biologika). From three months after the group vaccination onwards, all sows were given a booster dose three weeks before every farrowing. The farms were monitored bacteriologically and serologically from 12 months before until 15 months after the group vaccination. After group vaccination, no significant effect was detected in the prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium in the fecal and overshoe samples collected in the sows (before: 2 %, after: 0 %) and their offspring at 18 weeks (before: 17 %, after: 11 %) and at 26 weeks of age (before: 15 %, after: 7 %), and when combining the results of the offspring at 18 and 26 weeks of age (before: 16 %, after: 9 %). Also, no significant effect was detected in the prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium positive lymph nodes of sows (before and after: 0 %) and their offspring (before: 4 %, after: 7 %). Regarding serology, the mean S/P-ratios of the sows were significantly higher after the group vaccination, compared to before group vaccination (before: 1.50, after: 2.32, p < 0.001). The mean S/P-ratios of the offspring at slaughter age were significantly lower after the group vaccination, compared to before group vaccination (before: 1.71, after: 1.04, p = 0.001). In conclusion, group vaccination of sows and gilts resulted in a more beneficial serological status of the offspring, but did not significantly decrease Salmonella Typhimurium excretion and lymph node contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peeters
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - J Dewulf
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - C Brossé
- Animal Health Care Flanders (DGZ), Lier, Belgium
| | | | - G Rasschaert
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - M Heyndrickx
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - M Cargnel
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Mattheus
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Pasmans
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - D Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Van Hees HMJ, Davids M, Maes D, Millet S, Possemiers S, den Hartog LA, van Kempen TATG, Janssens GPJ. Dietary fibre enrichment of supplemental feed modulates the development of the intestinal tract in suckling piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 31636904 PMCID: PMC6794736 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Commercial pre-weaning diets are formulated to be highly digestible and nutrient-dense and contain low levels of dietary fibre. In contrast, pigs in a natural setting are manipulating fibre-rich plant material from a young age. Moreover, dietary fibre affects gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development and health in older pigs. We hypothesised that supplemental diets that contain vegetal fibres are accelerating GIT development in suckling piglets in terms of size and functionality. From d 2 of life, sow-suckled piglets had access to a low fibre diet (CON), a diet with a fermentable long-chain arabinoxylan (lc-AXOS), a diet with a largely non-fermentable purified cellulose (CELL), or a diet containing both fibres. During the initial 2 weeks, the control diet was a high-density milk replacer, followed by a dry and highly digestible creep meal. Upon weaning at 25 d, 15 piglets from each treatment group, identified as eaters and originating from six or seven litters, were sacrificed for post-mortem examination of GIT morphology, small intestinal permeability and metabolic profile of the digesta. The microbiota composition of the mid-colon was evaluated in a sub-set of ten piglets. Results No major statistical interactions between the fibre sources were observed. Piglets consumed the fibre-containing milk supplements and creep diets well. Stomach size and small intestinal permeability was not affected. Large intestinal fill was increased with lc-AXOS only, while relative large intestinal weight was increased with both fibre sources (P < 0.050). Also, CELL decreased ileal pH and tended to increase ileal DM content compared to CON (P < 0.050). Moreover, the concentration of volatile fatty acids was increased in the caecum (P < 0.100) and mid-colon (P < 0.050) by addition of CELL. lc-AXOS only stimulated caecal propionate (P < 0.050). The microbiota composition showed a high individual variation and limited dietary impact. Nonetheless, CELL induced minor shifts in specific genera, with notable reductions of Escherichia-Shigella. Conclusions Adding dietary fibres to the supplemental diet of suckling piglets altered large intestinal morphology but not small intestinal permeability. Moreover, dietary fibre showed effects on fermentation and modest changes of microbial populations in the hindgut, with more prominent effects from the low-fermentable cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M J Van Hees
- 1Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - M Davids
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Maes
- 4Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Millet
- 1Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,5ILVO, Eenheid Dier, Melle, Belgium
| | | | - L A den Hartog
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.,7Animal Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T A T G van Kempen
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.,8North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - G P J Janssens
- 1Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Chantziaras I, Van Meensel J, De Smet S, Maes D, Millet S. Naar een uniforme formule voor voederconversie via participatief onderzoek in de varkenshouderij. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2019. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v88i3.16025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Door de toenemende druk op de economische marges in de varkenshouderij neemt het belang van efficiënter produceren toe. De grootste kost bij het afmesten van vleesvarkens is het voeder, met een gemiddeld aandeel van ongeveer 75% in de totale afmestkosten (Departement Landbouw en Visserij). De voederkosten hangen af van de voederprijzen, maar ook van de voederconversie (VC), die ruwweg aangeeft hoeveel voeder nodig is om 1 kg groei te verkrijgen.
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Peeters L, Mostin L, Wattiau P, Boyen F, Dewulf J, Maes D. Efficacy of Clostridium butyricum as probiotic feed additive against experimental Salmonella Typhimurium infection in pigs. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Amalraj A, Matthijs A, Schoos A, Neirynck W, De Coensel E, Bernaerdt E, Van Soom A, Maes D. Health and management of hobby pigs: a review. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2018. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v87i6.16054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Miniature pigs, like the Vietnamese pot-bellied pig and the Kunekune, are the most popular hobby pig breeds. Despite their popularity, the knowledge of their health and management is still scarce. They have an exemplary sense of smell and hearing, possess good adaptability and are easy to handle. A well-ventilated shelter space with an area for recreation, and incorporation of straw for manipulation prevents boredom. Drinking water must be provided at all times. Restricted feeding ones or twice a day is preferred to prevent obesity. Unexpected aggressive behavior may occur and lead to abandonment of pet pigs. Overgrowth of claws, mange and sunburns are common skin problems. Diarrhea due to Escherichia coli is a common problem in piglets. Neutering is recommended to prevent aggressive behavior and pungent smell in males and to avoid the risk of neoplasms. It is preferably done at a young age to avoid surgical complications. Prophylaxis against erysipelas and parasites are recommended biannually. Other periodical health care practices include tusk and hoof trimming.
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Van Limbergen T, Dewulf J, Klinkenberg M, Ducatelle R, Gelaude P, Méndez J, Heinola K, Papasolomontos S, Szeleszczuk P, Maes D. Scoring biosecurity in European conventional broiler production. Poult Sci 2018; 97:74-83. [PMID: 29077940 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Good biosecurity procedures are crucial for healthy animal production. The aim of this study was to quantify the level of biosecurity on conventional broiler farms in Europe, following a standardized procedure, thereby trying to identify factors that are amenable to improvement. The current study used a risk-based weighted scoring system (biocheck.ugent ®) to assess the level of biosecurity on 399 conventional broiler farms in 5 EU member states. The scoring system consisted of 2 main categories, namely external and internal biosecurity, which had 8 and 3 subcategories, respectively. Biosecurity was quantified by converting the answers to 97 questions into a score from 0 to 100. The minimum score, "0," represents total absence of any biosecurity measure on the broiler farm, whereas the maximum score, "100," means full application of all investigated biosecurity measures. A possible correlation between biosecurity and farm characteristics was investigated by multivariate linear regression analysis. The participating broiler farms scored better for internal biosecurity (mean score of 76.6) than for external biosecurity (mean 68.4). There was variation between the mean biosecurity scores for the different member states, ranging from 59.8 to 78.0 for external biosecurity and from 63.0 to 85.6 for internal biosecurity. Within the category of external biosecurity, the subcategory related to "infrastructure and vectors" had the highest mean score (82.4), while the subcategory with the lowest score related to biosecurity procedures for "visitors and staff" (mean 51.5). Within the category of internal biosecurity, the subcategory "disease management" had the highest mean score (65.8). In the multivariate regression model a significant negative correlation was found between internal biosecurity and the number of employees and farm size. These findings indicate that there is a lot of variation for external and internal biosecurity on the participating broiler farms, suggesting that improvements are possible. Since the subcategory "visitors and staff" scored the lowest, better education of broiler farmers and their staff may help to improve overall biosecurity on broiler farms in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Van Limbergen
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Dewulf
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Klinkenberg
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Gelaude
- Animal Health Care Flanders, Industrielaan 29, 8820 Torhout
| | - J Méndez
- COREN, Santa Cruz de Arrabaldo, s/n, 32990 Ourense, Spain
| | - K Heinola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Kampusranta 9, FI-60320 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - S Papasolomontos
- Vitatrace Nutrition Ltd., Propylaion 18, Strovolos Industrial Estate, 2033 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - P Szeleszczuk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Division of Avian Diseases, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland
| | - D Maes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Papadopoulos G, Cools A, Janssens GPJ, Maes D. Postpartum dysgalactia in sows: pathophysiology and risk factors. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Schelstraete W, Devreese M, Maes D. Vraag & Antwoord. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2017. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v86i6.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kunnen varkens maagzweren ontwikkelen door het gebruik van (acetyl)salicylzuur?
Vanaf welke dosis kunnen varkens irritatie ondervinden bij toediening van salicylaten?
Werkt acetylsalicylzuur door anti-aggregerend effect sterfte in de hand bij Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infecties?
Is acetylsalicylzuur bij vroege dracht toxisch?
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Hézard N, Metz D, Potron G, Nazeyrollas P, Maes D, Droulle C, Mulpas MC, Elaerts J, Nguyen P. Monitoring the Effect of Heparin Bolus during Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA): Assessment of Three Bedside Coagulation Monitors. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Filippitzi ME, Brinch Kruse A, Postma M, Sarrazin S, Maes D, Alban L, Nielsen LR, Dewulf J. Review of transmission routes of 24 infectious diseases preventable by biosecurity measures and comparison of the implementation of these measures in pig herds in six European countries. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:381-398. [PMID: 29124908 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to review the transmission routes of important infectious pig diseases and to translate these into biosecurity measures preventing or reducing the transmission between and within pig herds. Furthermore, it aimed to identify the level of implementation of these measures in different European countries and discuss the observed variations to identify potentials for improvement. First, a literature review was performed to show which direct and indirect transmission routes of 24 infectious pig diseases can be prevented through different biosecurity measures. Second, a quantitative analysis was performed using the Biocheck.UGent™, a risk-based scoring system to evaluate biosecurity in pig herds, to obtain an insight into the implementation of these biosecurity measures. The database contained farm-specific biosecurity data from 574 pig farms in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden, entered between January 2014 and January 2016. Third, a qualitative analysis based on a review of literature and other relevant information resources was performed for every subcategory of internal and external biosecurity in the Biocheck.UGent™ questionnaire. The quantitative analysis indicated that at the level of internal, external and overall biosecurity, Denmark had a significantly distinct profile with higher external biosecurity scores and less variation than the rest of the countries. This is likely due to a widely used specific pathogen-free (SPF) system with extensive focus on biosecurity since 1971 in Denmark. However, the observed pattern may also be attributed to differences in data collection methods. The qualitative analysis identified differences in applied policies, legislation, disease status, pig farm density, farming culture and habits between countries that can be used for shaping country-specific biosecurity advice to attain improved prevention and control of important pig diseases in European pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Filippitzi
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Brinch Kruse
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Postma
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Sarrazin
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Maes
- Porcine Health Management Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Alban
- Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L R Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Dewulf
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Saini J, Maes D, Bowen S, Egan A, Bloch C, Wong T. A Comparison between Pencil Beam and Monte Carlo Algorithms Against Film Measurements in an Anthropomorphic Phantom for Proton Spot Scanning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Maes D, Bowen S, Fung A, Saini J, Bloch C, Egan A, Zeng J, Rengan R, Wong T. Dose Comparison between Proton Pencil Beam and Monte Carlo Dose Calculation Algorithm in Lung Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Saini J, Egan A, Maes D, Bowen S, Wong T, Bloch C. Dose Calculation Accuracy of Commercial Monte-Carlo and Pencil Beam Algorithms in Bone and Lung Phantoms: Comparisons Against GEANT4 Simulations and Measurements. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maes D, Sibila M, Kuhnert P, Segalés J, Haesebrouck F, Pieters M. Update on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs: Knowledge gaps for improved disease control. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:110-124. [PMID: 28834294 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease in pigs. Infections occur worldwide and cause major economic losses to the pig industry. The present paper reviews the current knowledge on M. hyopneumoniae infections, with emphasis on identification and analysis of knowledge gaps for optimizing control of the disease. Close contact between infected and susceptible pigs is the main route of M. hyopneumoniae transmission. Management and housing conditions predisposing for infection or disease are known, but further research is needed to better understand M. hyopneumoniae transmission patterns in modern pig production systems, and to assess the importance of the breeding population for downstream disease control. The organism is primarily found on the mucosal surface of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. Different adhesins and lipoproteins are involved in the adherence process. However, a clear picture of the virulence and pathogenicity of M. hyopneumoniae is still missing. The role of glycerol metabolism, myoinositol metabolism and the Mycoplasma Ig binding protein-Mycoplasma Ig protease system should be further investigated for their contribution to virulence. The destruction of the mucociliary apparatus, together with modulating the immune response, enhances the susceptibility of infected pigs to secondary pathogens. Clinical signs and severity of lesions depend on different factors, such as management, environmental conditions and likely also M. hyopneumoniae strain. The potential impact of strain variability on disease severity is not well defined. Diagnostics could be improved by developing tests that may detect virulent strains, by improving sampling in live animals and by designing ELISAs allowing discrimination between infected and vaccinated pigs. The currently available vaccines are often cost-efficient, but the ongoing research on developing new vaccines that confer protective immunity and reduce transmission should be continued, as well as optimization of protocols to eliminate M. hyopneumoniae from pig herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Sibila
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P Kuhnert
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Segalés
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Pieters
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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24
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Arsenakis I, Michiels A, Del Pozo Sacristán R, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Maes D. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination at or shortly before weaning under field conditions: a randomised efficacy trial. Vet Rec 2017; 181:19. [PMID: 28601840 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of two different Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination programmes in relation to the time of weaning. Eight hundred and twenty-eight piglets were randomly divided into three groups: group V1 was vaccinated three days before weaning, group V2 at weaning (21 days of age) and group NV was left non-vaccinated. Vaccinations were performed using Ingelvac MycoFLEX. After the nursery period, 306 pigs were allocated to fattening unit (F1) and 501 pigs to a second unit (F2). Efficacy was evaluated using performance parameters and pneumonia lesions at slaughter. Statistically significant differences were obtained in F2 where group V1 had a higher average daily weight gain compared to groups V2 and NV for the entire study period (17 and 18 g/day, respectively) and the fattening period (26 and 36 g/day, respectively) (P<0.05). Considering respiratory disease scores for both fattening units, group V1 was the only group where coughing severity did not increase significantly between placement and the end of the fattening period (P>0.05). Between groups, there were no statistically significant differences for the average lung lesion scores (V1=3.44; V2=4.61; NV=4.55, P>0.05) and the prevalence of pneumonia (V1=35.0 per cent; V2=38.0 per cent; NV=41.4 per cent, P>0.05). Overall, vaccination against M hyopneumoniae before weaning provided numerically better performance than vaccination at weaning, but did not reach statistical significance. An influenza outbreak in F1 and the presence of coexisting mixed respiratory infections in both F1 and F2 could have possibly influenced the performance of both vaccinated groups across all measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arsenakis
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - A Michiels
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - R Del Pozo Sacristán
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - D Maes
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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Bos EJ, van Riet MMJ, Maes D, Millet S, Ampe B, Janssens GPJ, Tuyttens FAM. Effect of rubber flooring on group-housed sows' gait and claw and skin lesions. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:2086-96. [PMID: 27285705 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of floor type on sow welfare in terms of lameness, claw lesions, and skin lesions. In a 2 × 3 factorial design, we have investigated the effect of rubber coverings on concrete floors and the effect of 3 levels of dietary zinc supplementation on locomotion and claw and skin lesions in group-housed sows. Six groups of 21 ± 4 hybrid sows were monitored during 3 successive reproductive cycles. The sows were group housed from d 28 after insemination (d 0) until 1 wk before expected farrowing date (d 108) in pens with either exposed concrete floors or concrete floors covered with rubber in part of the lying area and the fully slatted area. During each reproductive cycle, locomotion and skin lesions were assessed 4 times (d 28, 50, 108, and 140) and claw lesions were assessed twice (d 50 and 140). Results are given as least squares means ± SE. Locomotion and claw scores were given in millimeters, on analog scales of 150 and 160 mm, respectively. Here, we report on the effect of floor type, which did not interact with dietary zinc concentration ( > 0.10 for all variables). At move to group (d 28) and mid gestation (d 50), no differences between floor treatments were seen in locomotion ( > 0.10). At the end of gestation (d 108), sows housed on rubber flooring scored 9.9 ± 4.1 mm better on gait ( < 0.001). Regarding claw disorders, both parameters "heel overgrowth and erosion" (difference of 4.6 ± 1.8 mm; = 0.01) and "heel-sole crack" (difference of 3.1 ± 1.5 mm; = 0.04) scores were better for sows on rubber flooring at mid gestation (d 50). However, sows on rubber flooring scored worse for "vertical cracks in the wall horn" (difference of 3.4 ± 1.7 mm; = 0.04). At the end of lactation (d 140), both "white line" (difference of 2.9 ± 1 mm; = 0.02) and "claw length" (difference of 4.7 ± 1.4 mm; < 0.001) had better scores on rubber flooring. No differences for skin lesions were observed between floor treatments. The improved scores for gait toward the end of gestation and some types of claw disorders at mid gestation suggest that rubber flooring in group housing has a beneficial effect on the overall leg health of sows. The documented increase in vertical cracks in the wall horn at d 50 requires further investigation.
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Rimpault G, Darde P, Mellier F, Dagan R, Schikorr M, Weisenburger A, Maes D, Sobolev V, Arien B, Lamberts D, Bruyn DD, Mueller AC, Biarrotte JL. The Issue of Accelerator Beam Trips for Efficient ADS Operation. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt12-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Rimpault
- CEA, DEN, DER, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Ph. Darde
- CEA, DEN, DER, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - F. Mellier
- CEA, DEN, DER, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - R. Dagan
- KIT, INR, Karlsruhe Research Center, P.O.B 3640, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Schikorr
- KIT, INR, Karlsruhe Research Center, P.O.B 3640, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Weisenburger
- KIT, INR, Karlsruhe Research Center, P.O.B 3640, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Maes
- SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - V. Sobolev
- SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - B. Arien
- SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | | | - A. C. Mueller
- CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, 15, Rue G. Clemenceau, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J. L. Biarrotte
- CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, 15, Rue G. Clemenceau, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
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Maes D, Vandael F, Croubels S. Vraag & Antwoord. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2017. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v86i1.16305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Streptokokkeninfecties bij biggen
Het gebruik van Cefovecin bij reptielen, vogels, kleine herbivoren en fretten
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Claerebout E, Arsenakis L, Vansteenkiste K, Maes D. Vraag & Antwoord. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2016. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v85i4.16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Het ontwormen van ezels en paardenveulens
Trombocytopenische purpura bij zuigende biggen
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Postma M, Vanderhaeghen W, Sarrazin S, Maes D, Dewulf J. Reducing Antimicrobial Usage in Pig Production without Jeopardizing Production Parameters. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:63-74. [PMID: 27362766 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial usage (AMU) has been described to be high in pig production. Although farmers are aware of the high usage, little is known about intervention to improve the situation. This study evaluated the extent to which AMU could be reduced in pig production by the optimization of herd management, biosecurity status, vaccination strategy, anthelmintic therapy and advice on prudent AMU. Furthermore, the effects of these interventions on the herd production results were explored. This intervention study was conducted on 61 Flemish pig herds and included three visits per herd. During the initial visit, information was gathered on herd management, biosecurity status (quantified by means of the Biocheck.UGent™ risk-based scoring system), vaccination strategy, anthelmintic therapy and AMU. This info was then translated into a herd-specific action plan which was discussed with the farmer and herd veterinarian/other advisors during the second visit. In the final herd visit (±8 months later), comparable data were obtained to evaluate the progress. Overall, a significant improvement of 2.4 points external and 7 points internal biosecurity on the herds was obtained, combined with additional vaccination, anthelmintic therapy and prudent AMU. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in the AMU with a decrease of 52% for the pigs from birth till slaughter and 32% for breeding animals, based on treatment incidences (TIs) and included an important reduction in the use of critically important antimicrobials. More importantly, the increased biosecurity levels and decreased AMU were combined with significantly improved technical results such as the number of weaned piglets per sow per year (+1.1), daily weight gain (+5.9 g/day) and mortality in the finisher period (-0.6%). Guided interventions as a team effort of farmer and herd veterinarian/other advisors have shown to be a promising method in the reduction of AMU in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Postma
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - W Vanderhaeghen
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Sarrazin
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - D Maes
- Porcine Health Management Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Dewulf
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Declerck I, Dewulf J, Sarrazin S, Maes D. Long-term effects of colostrum intake in piglet mortality and performance1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1633-43. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Maes D, De Temmerman B. Vraag & Antwoord. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2016. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v85i1.16408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bestrijding van streptococcus suis-infecties bij biggen
Schijndracht bij geiten
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Beek J, Nauwynck H, Appeltant R, Maes D, Van Soom A. Inhibitors of serine proteases decrease sperm penetration during porcine fertilization in vitro by inhibiting sperm binding to the zona pellucida and acrosome reaction. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1378-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Appeltant R, Maes D, Van Soom A. Method for collecting and immobilizing individual cumulus cells enabling quantitative immunofluorescence analysis of proteins. Anal Biochem 2015; 480:31-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Michiels A, Piepers S, Ulens T, Van Ransbeeck N, Del Pozo Sacristán R, Sierens A, Haesebrouck F, Demeyer P, Maes D. Impact of particulate matter and ammonia on average daily weight gain, mortality and lung lesions in pigs. Prev Vet Med 2015; 121:99-107. [PMID: 26148844 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the simultaneous influence of particulate matter (PM10) and ammonia (NH3) on performance, lung lesions and the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) in finishing pigs. A pig herd experiencing clinical problems of M. hyopneumoniae infections was selected. In total, 1095 finishing pigs of two replicates in eight compartments each were investigated during the entire finishing period (FP). Indoor PM10 and NH3 were measured at regular intervals during the FP with two Grimm spectrometers and two Graywolf Particle Counters (PM10) and an Innova photoacoustic gas monitor (NH3). Average daily weight gain (ADG) and mortality were calculated and associated with PM10 and NH3 during the FP. Nasal swabs (10 pigs/compartment) were collected one week prior to slaughter to detect DNA of M. hyopneumoniae with nested PCR (nPCR). The prevalence and extent of pneumonia lesions, and prevalence of fissures and pleurisy were examined at slaughter (29 weeks). The results from the nasal swabs and lung lesions were associated with PM10 and NH3 during the FP and the second half of the FP. In the univariable model, increasing PM10 concentrations resulted in a higher odds of pneumonia lesions (second half of the FP: OR=8.72; P=0.015), more severe pneumonia lesions (FP: P=0.04, second half of the FP: P=0.009), a higher odds of pleurisy lesions (FP: OR=20.91; P<0.001 and second half of the FP: OR=40.85; P<0.001) and a higher number of nPCR positive nasal samples (FP: OR=328.00; P=0.01 and second half of the FP: OR=185.49; P=0.02). Increasing NH3 concentrations in the univariable model resulted in a higher odds of pleurisy lesions (FP: OR=21.54; P=0.003) and a higher number of nPCR positive nasal samples (FP: OR=70.39; P=0.049; second half of the FP: OR=8275.05; P=0.01). In the multivariable model, an increasing PM10 concentration resulted in a higher odds of pleurisy lesions (FP: OR=8.85; P=0.049). These findings indicate that the respiratory health of finishing pigs was significantly affected by PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Michiels
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Unit Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - S Piepers
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Unit Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - T Ulens
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit - Agricultural Engineering, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 115-1, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - N Van Ransbeeck
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit - Agricultural Engineering, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 115-1, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Del Pozo Sacristán
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Unit Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Sierens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Unit Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - P Demeyer
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit - Agricultural Engineering, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 115-1, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - D Maes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Unit Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Claeyé E, Beek J, Meyns T, Maes D. Effect of ketoprofen treatment in the prevention of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2015. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v84i3.16600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) is an economically important condition in sows. The syndrome is characterized by a reduced milk and colostrum production within 12 to 48 hours post partum. The objective of this study was to determine whether preventive treatment with ketoprofen (Ketofen®10%, Merial, Belgium) has a positive effect on the subclinical form of PDS. Sows (n = 39) were randomly divided into two groups: one served as control group whereas the other was treated intramuscularly with ketoprofen within twelve hours after parturition. During the first 24 hours postpartum, the rectal temperature of the sows decreased (-0.43 ± 0.13 °C) in the ketoprofen group. In the control group, an increase was seen (+0.07 ± 0.02 °C) (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect on back fat loss of the sows, weight gain of the piglets (n = 541) and survival rate. In conclusion, a single intramuscular administration of ketoprofen to sows shortly after farrowing decreased rectal temperature but did not improve the performance of the piglets.
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Vangroenweghe FACJ, Labarque GG, Piepers S, Strutzberg-Minder K, Maes D. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in peri-weaned and post-weaned pigs in Belgium and The Netherlands: Prevalence and associations with climatic conditions. Vet J 2015; 205:93-7. [PMID: 25981930 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) is an important pathogen in modern intensive pig farming in Europe. The objectives of the present study were (1) to use the tracheobronchial swab (TBS) technique to obtain data on the distribution of M. hyo infections in recently weaned pigs in Belgium and The Netherlands, and (2) to look for associations between infection prevalence and specific climatic conditions. One hundred and seventy-six pig herds were randomly selected and 30 piglets sampled on each farm: 18 at 3-5 weeks of age and 12 at 6-11 weeks. Mucus collected from the tracheobronchial bifurcation and suspended in saline was subjected to PCR analysis for M. hyo. In 27% of herds (n= 44) at least one piglet tested positive for M. hyo at 3-5 weeks of age, and 29% (n= 47) at 6-11 weeks of age. The individual animal prevalence at the two ages was 7.1% and 10.9%, respectively. The probability of 3-5 week old piglets being M. hyo-positive was negatively associated with the precipitation rate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.971) during the week preceding the sampling. In the older post-weaning group, the odds of being M. hyo-positive at piglet level were significantly affected by season (OR of detection during autumn compared to summer 20.9). Thus, under Belgian and Dutch field conditions, piglets may be infected with M. hyo very early in life, with prevalence increasing further during the post-weaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G G Labarque
- Elanco Animal Health France, Neuilly sur Seine, France
| | - S Piepers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - D Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Appeltant R, Somfai T, Nakai M, Bodó S, Maes D, Kikuchi K, Van Soom A. Interactions between oocytes and cumulus cells during in vitro maturation of porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes in a chemically defined medium: Effect of denuded oocytes on cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation. Theriogenology 2015; 83:567-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Defauw P, Vande Maele L, Maes D, Van Immerseel F. Vraag & Antwoord. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2015. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v84i1.16623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystocentese en abdominocentese bij hond en kat
Aanpak van dysenterie op varkensbedrijven
Knaagdierenbestrijding op veebedrijven
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Beek J, Maes D, Nauwynck H, Piepers S, Van Soom A. A critical assessment of the effect of serine protease inhibitors on porcine fertilization and quality parameters of porcine spermatozoa in vitro. Reprod Biol 2015; 15:9-19. [PMID: 25726372 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Proteases play an important role during mammalian fertilization. Their function is frequently investigated using specific inhibitors. We analyzed four serine protease inhibitors [4-(2-aminoethyl) benzene sulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF), soybean trypsin inhibitor from glycine max (STI), Nα-tosyl-L-lysine-chloromethyl ketone hydrochloride (TLCK) and N(p)-tosyl-L-phenylalanine-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK)] for their in vitro effect on fertilization and sperm quality in pigs. Inhibitor concentrations were chosen based on the reduction of fertilization rate during preliminary dose-response experiments with cryopreserved epididymal spermatozoa. The inhibitor effects on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and sperm parameters (membrane and acrosomal integrity, motility and mitochondrial membrane potential - MMP) were evaluated using diluted fresh semen. AEBSF (100 μM), TLCK (100 μM) and TPCK (100 μM) decreased total fertilization and polyspermy rates by at least 50%. STI (5 μM) lowered total fertilization rates but not the level of polyspermy. AEBSF and TPCK reduced fertilization parameters to a similar degree using cryopreserved epididymal spermatozoa (dose-response experiment) or diluted fresh semen. Inhibition by STI was more pronounced using cryopreserved epididymal spermatozoa, whereas TLCK inhibited IVF only with diluted fresh semen. AEBSF and STI had no effect on sperm parameters, and TLCK significantly reduced motility. TPCK diminished MMP and motility and affected membrane and acrosomal integrity in a negative way. In summary, serine protease inhibitors differed in the way they reduce the fertilization rate. These results emphasize the necessity of inhibitor testing before they can be applied in fertilization studies. AEBSF and STI can be used in the future IVF studies without compromising sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beek
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - D Maes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H Nauwynck
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Piepers
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Appeltant R, Somfai T, Nakai M, Bodo S, Maes D, Kikuchi K, Van Soom A. 296 IMPACT OF CO-CULTURING CUMULUS-ENCLOSED PORCINE OOCYTES WITH DENUDED OOCYTES DURING IN VITRO MATURATION IN A DEFINED MEDIUM ON CUMULUS EXPANSION AND OOCYTE MATURATION. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv27n1ab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that oocyte-secreted factors (OSF) affect cumulus expansion and play important roles during maturation and embryo development of mammalian oocytes. The use of denuded oocytes (DO) as supplements during in vitro maturation (IVM) in a nondefined medium improved developmental competence of cumulus-enclosed porcine oocytes (COC; Gomez et al. 2012 Zygote 20, 135–145). We investigated the effect of DO on cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation of COC in pigs during IVM using a defined medium. If the DO exert a positive influence on IVM, the defined medium can then be analysed for the presence of OSF. Immature COC were collected in the slaughterhouse from prepubertal gilts. To obtain DO, some COC were completely denuded by pipetting through a narrow-bore glass pipette. The COC used as a source for DO fulfilled the same morphological criteria as the COC used for IVM. The IVM medium was porcine oocyte medium (POM; Yoshioka et al. 2008 J. Reprod. Dev. 54, 208–213) with hormone supplementations applied only during the first 20 h of the IVM period. The COC were fixed to the bottom of 35-mm plastic Petri dishes in 3 × 3 grids by Cell-Tak (BD Bioscience, Bedford, MA, USA) in 100-µL droplets POM covered by paraffin oil. Culture droplets (each including 1 COC grid) were supplemented with (DO+ group, n = 179) or without 16 DO (DO– group, n = 143). After 20 h of IVM, the medium was replaced with a preincubated hormone-free POM and oocytes were cultured for an additional 28 h. At 0, 20, and 48 h of IVM, images of each grid were taken at the same magnification. The size of each COC was measured as a 2-dimensional area in pixels by analysing images with ImageJ software. Relative cumulus expansion was calculated at 20 and 48 h of IVM on the basis of the initial COC size at 0 h, which was assigned as 1. At 48 h of IVM, the COC were denuded and examined for oocyte maturation by orcein staining. The experiment was replicated 5 times. Cumulus expansion ratios at 20 and 48 h of IVM were compared between the DO+ and DO– groups by ANOVA. Maturation rates were compared between the DO+ and DO– groups by binary logistic regression. No difference in cumulus expansion between DO– and DO+ could be observed at 20 h (1.83 ± 0.04 and 1.75 ± 0.03, respectively) and 48 h (1.41 ± 0.03 and 1.47 ± 0.02, respectively) of IVM. Nuclear maturation rates of COC in DO– and DO+ groups did not differ significantly (39.0 ± 5.4 and 32.9 ± 8.8%, respectively). In conclusion, addition of DO to the defined IVM medium did not affect the cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation of follicular porcine COC. Further research is needed to assess the effects of DO during IVM on subsequent fertilization. If DO prove to be beneficial for fertilization, the nature of the OSF will be investigated.This study was supported by FCWO of UGent and by FWO-Flanders (grant number FWO11/ASP/276).
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Declerck I, Dewulf J, Piepers S, Decaluwé R, Maes D. Sow and litter factors influencing colostrum yield and nutritional composition. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:1309-17. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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De Ridder L, Maes D, Dewulf J, Butaye P, Pasmans F, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Van der Stede Y. Use of a live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine on farrow-to-finish pig farms. Vet J 2014; 202:303-8. [PMID: 25278382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica infection in pigs is economically important and poses a zoonotic risk. In this study, the efficacy of an attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain was evaluated in three farrow-to-finish pig herds. In each herd, 120 piglets were vaccinated orally at 3 and 24 days of age, while 120 piglets served as unvaccinated controls. Faeces, ileocaecal lymph nodes and caecal contents were examined for S. Typhimurium by isolation and serum was analysed for antibodies against S. Typhimurium by ELISA. All pigs were weighed at pre-weaning and slaughter to determine daily weight gain. In vaccinated pigs prior to slaughter, significantly fewer animals excreted S. enterica, there was a significantly lower S. enterica-specific mean antibody titre and there was a significantly higher mean daily weight gain compared to unvaccinated controls. In two herds, there were significantly lower proportions of S. enterica positive ileocaecal lymph nodes and caecal contents at slaughter between the vaccinated and control groups, but this difference was not significant across all three herds. S. enterica with the same auxotrophic characteristics and genotype as the vaccine strain was isolated from several samples of faeces, ileocaecal lymph nodes and caecal contents from vaccinated pigs. These findings indicate that vaccination with an attenuated S. Typhimurium strain reduces S. enterica shedding, but the reduction is not consistent and the vaccine strain may persist in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Ridder
- Unit of Co-ordination Veterinary Diagnose-Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - D Maes
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - J Dewulf
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Butaye
- Unit of Co-ordination Veterinary Diagnose-Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Y Van der Stede
- Unit of Co-ordination Veterinary Diagnose-Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium; Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Laanen M, Maes D, Hendriksen C, Gelaude P, De Vliegher S, Rosseel Y, Dewulf J. Pig, cattle and poultry farmers with a known interest in research have comparable perspectives on disease prevention and on-farm biosecurity. Prev Vet Med 2014; 115:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Decaluwé R, Maes D, Cools A, Wuyts B, De Smet S, Marescau B, De Deyn PP, Janssens GPJ. Effect of peripartal feeding strategy on colostrum yield and composition in sows. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3557-67. [PMID: 24981570 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Research showed a positive association between back fat (BF) change the week before farrowing and colostrum yield (CY). This study tested the causality of this association, hence to optimize CY by altering the sows' peripartal feeding strategy. Sows were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups at d 108 of gestation. The first group (L, n = 28) received 1.5 kg feed·d(-1), the second group (H, n = 22) received 3 times 1.5 kg feed·d(-1) until farrowing. Daily feed intake and CY were measured. Colostrum was analyzed for nutrient composition, AA and fatty acids, IgG and IgA. Sow serum was obtained at d 108 of gestation and d 1 of lactation after overnight fasting and analyzed for NEFA, (iso)butyrylcarnitine (C4), creatinine, urea, 3-OH-butyrylcarnitine (3-OH-C4), IgG, and IgA. Based on BF at d 108, sows were divided into body condition (BC) groups: skinny (<17 mm, n = 15), moderate (17 to 23 mm, n = 21), fat (>23 mm, n = 14). We performed ANOVA with treatment and BC as fixed factors and Scheffé post-hoc test. The week before farrowing, the L group had the lowest daily feed intake (DFI; 1.5 kg), and within the H group, fat sows (3.8 kg) had a lower DFI than skinny sows (4.3 kg; p = 0.006). The H group tended to have a greater total CY (P = 0.074) and had a greater CY/kg liveborn piglet (P = 0.018) than the L group. Compared with sows in moderate BC, fat sows had a lower total CY (P = 0.044) and a lower CY/kg liveborn piglet (P = 0.005). The H group had a greater concentration of lactose (p = 0.009) and n-3 PUFA (p < 0.001) but a lower concentration of protein (p = 0.040) in colostrum than the L group. The concentration of IgG and IgA did not differ between treatment and BC groups. Serum parameters at d 108 were similar between the treatment groups and BC groups. At d 1, the H group mobilized less body fat (NEFA: p = 0.002) and protein (creatinine: p < 0.001, C4: p = 0.016) reserves but had a greater ratio urea:NEFA (p < 0.001) and less ketone bodies (3-OH-C4: p < 0.001) compared with the L group. This indicates a more balanced entry of metabolites in the citric acid cycle and thus a better support of the maternal peripartal metabolism in the H group. Serum parameters did not differ between BC groups. Both CY and composition can be influenced by the peripartal feeding strategy and BC. The highest CY and most beneficial colostrum composition were obtained when sows entered the farrowing unit in a moderate BC and were provided a high peripartal feeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Decaluwé
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - D Maes
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Cools
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Wuyts
- Department of Clinical Biology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S De Smet
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - B Marescau
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G P J Janssens
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Abstract
In deze studie werd het voorkomen van oorhematomen bij gespeende biggen onderzocht en werd nagegaan of het voorkomen gerelateerd was aan bepaalde risicofactoren. In totaal werden vijf opeenvolgende groepen biggen (n=10.657) binnen een bedrijf onderzocht vanaf het spenen (drie weken) tot het einde van de biggenbatterij (tien weken). De gemiddelde incidentie per groep bedroeg 2,3%, variërend van 1,3% tot 2,9%. Bij bargen was de incidentie 2,1%, bij zeugen 2,5% (P > 0,05). De incidentie bij biggen van eersteworpszeugen bedroeg 0,92%, bij biggen van meerdereworpszeugen was dit 2,45% (P < 0,001). De meeste nieuwe gevallen traden vier à vijf weken na het spenen op. Het risico op het ontstaan van een oorhematoom was ruim tweemaal groter langs de zijde waar een oormerk aanwezig was (RR = 2,28 [1,74 – 2,98]). Verder onderzoek, bij voorkeur op meerdere bedrijven, is wenselijk om de resultaten te bevestigen en/of te verklaren en om de controlemaatregelen te optimaliseren.
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Rijsselaere T, England GCW, Freeman SL, Maes D, Van Soom A. Current Knowledge on the Transport and Fate of Spermatozoa in the Reproductive Tract of the Bitch. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49 Suppl 2:2-7. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Rijsselaere
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - GCW England
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Leicestershire UK
| | - SL Freeman
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Leicestershire UK
| | - D Maes
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - A Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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Decaluwé R, Janssens GPJ, Englebienne M, Maes D. Effectiveness of different farrowing induction protocols in sows using alphaprostol on day 114 of gestation. Vet Rec 2014; 174:381. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Decaluwé
- Department of Nutrition; Genetics and Ethology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent university; Merelbeke Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics; Reproduction and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - G. P. J. Janssens
- Department of Nutrition; Genetics and Ethology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent university; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - M. Englebienne
- Ceva Sante Animale S.A./N.V; Avenue de la Métrologielaan 6 Brussels 1130 Belgium
| | - D. Maes
- Department of Obstetrics; Reproduction and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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Rosier E, Cuypers E, Dekens M, Verplaetse R, Develter W, Van de Voorde W, Maes D, Tytgat J. Development and validation of a new TD-GC/MS method and its applicability in the search for human and animal decomposition products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3611-9. [PMID: 24633514 PMCID: PMC4026628 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation between human and animal remains by means of analysis of volatile compounds released during decomposition is impossible since no volatile marker(s) specific for human decomposition has been established today. Hence, the identification of such a marker for human decomposition would represent great progression for the discovery of buried cadavers by analytical techniques. Cadaver dogs can be trained more efficiently, the understanding of forensic entomology can be enhanced, and the development of a portable detection device may be within reach. This study describes the development and validation of a new analytical method that can be applied in the search of such (a) specific marker(s). Sampling of the volatile compounds released by decomposing animal and human remains was performed both in a laboratory environment and outdoors by adsorption on sorbent tubes. Different coatings and several sampling parameters were investigated. Next, the volatile compounds were analyzed and identified by a thermal desorber combined with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). Different GC columns were tested. Finally, the analytical method was validated using a standard mixture of nine representative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosier
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N2, Herestraat 49, PO Box 922, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Cools A, Maes D, Decaluwé R, Buyse J, van Kempen TATG, Liesegang A, Janssens GPJ. Ad libitum feeding during the peripartal period affects body condition, reproduction results and metabolism of sows. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 145:130-40. [PMID: 24559972 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Cools
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - D Maes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Decaluwé
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - A Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterhurenstrasse 270, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G P J Janssens
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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