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Vanderburg A, Rappaport SA, Xu S, Crossfield IJM, Becker JC, Gary B, Murgas F, Blouin S, Kaye TG, Palle E, Melis C, Morris BM, Kreidberg L, Gorjian V, Morley CV, Mann AW, Parviainen H, Pearce LA, Newton ER, Carrillo A, Zuckerman B, Nelson L, Zeimann G, Brown WR, Tronsgaard R, Klein B, Ricker GR, Vanderspek RK, Latham DW, Seager S, Winn JN, Jenkins JM, Adams FC, Benneke B, Berardo D, Buchhave LA, Caldwell DA, Christiansen JL, Collins KA, Colón KD, Daylan T, Doty J, Doyle AE, Dragomir D, Dressing C, Dufour P, Fukui A, Glidden A, Guerrero NM, Guo X, Heng K, Henriksen AI, Huang CX, Kaltenegger L, Kane SR, Lewis JA, Lissauer JJ, Morales F, Narita N, Pepper J, Rose ME, Smith JC, Stassun KG, Yu L. A giant planet candidate transiting a white dwarf. Nature 2020; 585:363-367. [PMID: 32939071 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astronomers have discovered thousands of planets outside the Solar System1, most of which orbit stars that will eventually evolve into red giants and then into white dwarfs. During the red giant phase, any close-orbiting planets will be engulfed by the star2, but more distant planets can survive this phase and remain in orbit around the white dwarf3,4. Some white dwarfs show evidence for rocky material floating in their atmospheres5, in warm debris disks6-9 or orbiting very closely10-12, which has been interpreted as the debris of rocky planets that were scattered inwards and tidally disrupted13. Recently, the discovery of a gaseous debris disk with a composition similar to that of ice giant planets14 demonstrated that massive planets might also find their way into tight orbits around white dwarfs, but it is unclear whether these planets can survive the journey. So far, no intact planets have been detected in close orbits around white dwarfs. Here we report the observation of a giant planet candidate transiting the white dwarf WD 1856+534 (TIC 267574918) every 1.4 days. We observed and modelled the periodic dimming of the white dwarf caused by the planet candidate passing in front of the star in its orbit. The planet candidate is roughly the same size as Jupiter and is no more than 14 times as massive (with 95 per cent confidence). Other cases of white dwarfs with close brown dwarf or stellar companions are explained as the consequence of common-envelope evolution, wherein the original orbit is enveloped during the red giant phase and shrinks owing to friction. In this case, however, the long orbital period (compared with other white dwarfs with close brown dwarf or stellar companions) and low mass of the planet candidate make common-envelope evolution less likely. Instead, our findings for the WD 1856+534 system indicate that giant planets can be scattered into tight orbits without being tidally disrupted, motivating the search for smaller transiting planets around white dwarfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Vanderburg
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Saul A Rappaport
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siyi Xu
- NSF's NOIRLab/Gemini Observatory, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Ian J M Crossfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Juliette C Becker
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Gary
- Hereford Arizona Observatory, Hereford, AZ, USA
| | - Felipe Murgas
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Simon Blouin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Thomas G Kaye
- Raemor Vista Observatory, Sierra Vista, AZ, USA.,Laboratory for Space Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Enric Palle
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carl Melis
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brett M Morris
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Kreidberg
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Varoujan Gorjian
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Caroline V Morley
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew W Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannu Parviainen
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Logan A Pearce
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Newton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Andreia Carrillo
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ben Zuckerman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorne Nelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Greg Zeimann
- Hobby-Eberly Telescope, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Warren R Brown
- Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - René Tronsgaard
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beth Klein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George R Ricker
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roland K Vanderspek
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David W Latham
- Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua N Winn
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Fred C Adams
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Astronomy Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Björn Benneke
- Départment de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Berardo
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lars A Buchhave
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas A Caldwell
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Karen A Collins
- Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Knicole D Colón
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory (Code 667), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Tansu Daylan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra E Doyle
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana Dragomir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Courtney Dressing
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Dufour
- Départment de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Akihiko Fukui
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ana Glidden
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Natalia M Guerrero
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Heng
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreea I Henriksen
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chelsea X Huang
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Kaltenegger
- Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Stephen R Kane
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - John A Lewis
- Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Farisa Morales
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Moorpark College, Moorpark, CA, USA
| | - Norio Narita
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.,Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, Tokyo, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.,Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joshua Pepper
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Mark E Rose
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Keivan G Stassun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Physics, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,ExxonMobil Upstream Integrated Solutions, Spring, TX, USA
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Thompson SE, Coughlin JL, Hoffman K, Mullally F, Christiansen JL, Burke CJ, Bryson S, Batalha N, Haas MR, Catanzarite J, Rowe JF, Barentsen G, Caldwell DA, Clarke BD, Jenkins JM, Li J, Latham DW, Lissauer JJ, Mathur S, Morris RL, Seader SE, Smith JC, Klaus TC, Twicken JD, Van Cleve JE, Wohler B, Akeson R, Ciardi DR, Cochran WD, Henze CE, Howell SB, Huber D, Prša A, Ramírez SV, Morton TD, Barclay T, Campbell JR, Chaplin WJ, Charbonneau D, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Dotson JL, Doyle L, Dunham EW, Dupree AK, Ford EB, Geary JC, Girouard FR, Isaacson H, Kjeldsen H, Quintana EV, Ragozzine D, Shporer A, Aguirre VS, Steffen JH, Still M, Tenenbaum P, Welsh WF, Wolfgang A, Zamudio KA, Koch DG, Borucki WJ. PLANETARY CANDIDATES OBSERVED BY Kepler. VIII. A FULLY AUTOMATED CATALOG WITH MEASURED COMPLETENESS AND RELIABILITY BASED ON DATA RELEASE 25. Astrophys J Suppl Ser 2018; 235:38. [PMID: 32908325 PMCID: PMC7477822 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aab4f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present the Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) catalog of transiting exoplanets based on searching four years of Kepler time series photometry (Data Release 25, Q1-Q17). The catalog contains 8054 KOIs of which 4034 are planet candidates with periods between 0.25 and 632 days. Of these candidates, 219 are new in this catalog and include two new candidates in multi-planet systems (KOI-82.06 and KOI-2926.05), and ten new high-reliability, terrestrial-size, habitable zone candidates. This catalog was created using a tool called the Robovetter which automatically vets the DR25 Threshold Crossing Events (TCEs) found by the Kepler Pipeline (Twicken et al. 2016). Because of this automation, we were also able to vet simulated data sets and therefore measure how well the Robovetter separates those TCEs caused by noise from those caused by low signal-to-noise transits. Because of these measurements we fully expect that this catalog can be used to accurately calculate the frequency of planets out to Kepler's detection limit, which includes temperate, super-Earth size planets around GK dwarf stars in our Galaxy. This paper discusses the Robovetter and the metrics it uses to decide which TCEs are called planet candidates in the DR25 KOI catalog. We also discuss the simulated transits, simulated systematic noise, and simulated astrophysical false positives created in order to characterize the properties of the final catalog. For orbital periods less than 100 d the Robovetter completeness (the fraction of simulated transits that are determined to be planet candidates) across all observed stars is greater than 85%. For the same period range, the catalog reliability (the fraction of candidates that are not due to instrumental or stellar noise) is greater than 98%. However, for low signal-to-noise candidates found between 200 and 500 days, our measurements indicate that the Robovetter is 73.5% complete and 37.2% reliable across all searched stars (or 76.7% complete and 50.5% reliable when considering just the FGK dwarf stars). We describe how the measured completeness and reliability varies with period, signal-to-noise, number of transits, and stellar type. Also, we discuss a value called the disposition score which provides an easy way to select a more reliable, albeit less complete, sample of candidates. The entire KOI catalog, the transit fits using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, and all of the simulated data used to characterize this catalog are available at the NASA Exoplanet Archive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Thompson
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Jeffrey L. Coughlin
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Kelsey Hoffman
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Fergal Mullally
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Orbital Insight, 100 W Evelyn Ave #110, Mountain View, CA 94041
| | | | - Christopher J. Burke
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 37-241, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Steve Bryson
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Catanzarite
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Jason F. Rowe
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Bishop’s University, 2600 College St., Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z7, Canada
| | - Geert Barentsen
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St., Ste 209, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA
| | - Douglas A. Caldwell
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Bruce D. Clarke
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Jie Li
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - David W. Latham
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Savita Mathur
- Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Robert L. Morris
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Shawn E. Seader
- Rincon Research Corporation,101 N Wilmot Rd, Tucson, AZ 85711
| | - Jeffrey C. Smith
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Todd C. Klaus
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Joseph D. Twicken
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Bill Wohler
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Rachel Akeson
- IPAC-NExScI, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - David R. Ciardi
- IPAC-NExScI, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - William D. Cochran
- McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | | | | | - Daniel Huber
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Andrej Prša
- Villanova University, Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Science, 800 Lancaster Ave, Villanova PA 19085
| | - Solange V. Ramírez
- IPAC-NExScI, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Timothy D. Morton
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Thomas Barclay
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Jennifer R. Campbell
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- KRBwyle, 2400 Nasa Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - William J. Chaplin
- Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Charbonneau
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard
- Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Laurance Doyle
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Institute for the Metaphysics of Physics, Principia College, One Maybeck Place, Elsah, Illinois 62028
| | | | - Andrea K. Dupree
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Eric B. Ford
- Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Astrostatistics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Institute for CyberScience, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - John C. Geary
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Forrest R. Girouard
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Orbital Sciences Corporation, 2401 East El Segundo Boulevard, Suite 200, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA
| | | | - Hans Kjeldsen
- Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Elisa V. Quintana
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Darin Ragozzine
- Brigham Young University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Avi Shporer
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Victor Silva Aguirre
- Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jason H. Steffen
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Martin Still
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St., Ste 209, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA
| | - Peter Tenenbaum
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - William F. Welsh
- Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1221
| | - Angie Wolfgang
- Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Khadeejah A Zamudio
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- KRBwyle, 2400 Nasa Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - David G. Koch
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
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Burke CJ, Christiansen JL, Mullally F, Seader S, Huber D, Rowe JF, Coughlin JL, Thompson SE, Catanzarite J, Clarke BD, Morton TD, Caldwell DA, Bryson ST, Haas MR, Batalha NM, Jenkins JM, Tenenbaum P, Twicken JD, Li J, Quintana E, Barclay T, Henze CE, Borucki WJ, Howell SB, Still M. TERRESTRIAL PLANET OCCURRENCE RATES FOR THEKEPLERGK DWARF SAMPLE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/809/1/8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jenkins JM, Twicken JD, Batalha NM, Caldwell DA, Cochran WD, Endl M, Latham DW, Esquerdo GA, Seader S, Bieryla A, Petigura E, Ciardi DR, Marcy GW, Isaacson H, Huber D, Rowe JF, Torres G, Bryson ST, Buchhave L, Ramirez I, Wolfgang A, Li J, Campbell JR, Tenenbaum P, Sanderfer D, Henze CE, Catanzarite JH, Gilliland RL, Borucki WJ. DISCOVERY AND VALIDATION OF Kepler-452b: A 1.6R⨁SUPER EARTH EXOPLANET IN THE HABITABLE ZONE OF A G2 STAR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-6256/150/2/56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mullally F, Coughlin JL, Thompson SE, Rowe J, Burke C, Latham DW, Batalha NM, Bryson ST, Christiansen J, Henze CE, Ofir A, Quarles B, Shporer A, Eylen VV, Laerhoven CV, Shah Y, Wolfgang A, Chaplin WJ, Xie JW, Akeson R, Argabright V, Bachtell E, Barclay T, Borucki WJ, Caldwell DA, Campbell JR, Catanzarite JH, Cochran WD, Duren RM, Fleming SW, Fraquelli D, Girouard FR, Haas MR, Hełminiak KG, Howell SB, Huber D, Larson K, III TNG, Jenkins JM, Li J, Lissauer JJ, McArthur S, Miller C, Morris RL, Patil-Sabale A, Plavchan P, Putnam D, Quintana EV, Ramirez S, Aguirre VS, Seader S, Smith JC, Steffen JH, Stewart C, Stober J, Still M, Tenenbaum P, Troeltzsch J, Twicken JD, Zamudio KA. PLANETARY CANDIDATES OBSERVED BY
KEPLER
. VI. PLANET SAMPLE FROM Q1–Q16 (47 MONTHS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rowe JF, Coughlin JL, Antoci V, Barclay T, Batalha NM, Borucki WJ, Burke CJ, Bryson ST, Caldwell DA, Campbell JR, Catanzarite JH, Christiansen JL, Cochran W, Gilliland RL, Girouard FR, Haas MR, Hełminiak KG, Henze CE, Hoffman KL, Howell SB, Huber D, Hunter RC, Jang-Condell H, Jenkins JM, Klaus TC, Latham DW, Li J, Lissauer JJ, McCauliff SD, Morris RL, Mullally F, Ofir A, Quarles B, Quintana E, Sabale A, Seader S, Shporer A, Smith JC, Steffen JH, Still M, Tenenbaum P, Thompson SE, Twicken JD, Laerhoven CV, Wolfgang A, Zamudio KA. PLANETARY CANDIDATES OBSERVED BY
KEPLER
. V. PLANET SAMPLE FROM Q1–Q12 (36 MONTHS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/217/1/16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Torres G, Kipping DM, Fressin F, Caldwell DA, Twicken JD, Ballard S, Batalha NM, Bryson ST, Ciardi DR, Henze CE, Howell SB, Isaacson HT, Jenkins JM, Muirhead PS, Newton ER, Petigura EA, Barclay T, Borucki WJ, Crepp JR, Everett ME, Horch EP, Howard AW, Kolbl R, Marcy GW, McCauliff S, Quintana EV. VALIDATION OF 12 SMALLKEPLERTRANSITING PLANETS IN THE HABITABLE ZONE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/800/2/99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Endl M, Caldwell DA, Barclay T, Huber D, Isaacson H, Buchhave LA, Brugamyer E, Robertson P, Cochran WD, MacQueen PJ, Havel M, Lucas P, Howell SB, Fischer D, Quintana E, Ciardi DR. KEPLER-424 b: A “LONELY” HOT JUPITER THAT FOUND A COMPANION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/795/2/151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Quintana EV, Barclay T, Raymond SN, Rowe JF, Bolmont E, Caldwell DA, Howell SB, Kane SR, Huber D, Crepp JR, Lissauer JJ, Ciardi DR, Coughlin JL, Everett ME, Henze CE, Horch E, Isaacson H, Ford EB, Adams FC, Still M, Hunter RC, Quarles B, Selsis F. An Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone of a cool star. Science 2014; 344:277-80. [PMID: 24744370 DOI: 10.1126/science.1249403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The quest for Earth-like planets is a major focus of current exoplanet research. Although planets that are Earth-sized and smaller have been detected, these planets reside in orbits that are too close to their host star to allow liquid water on their surfaces. We present the detection of Kepler-186f, a 1.11 ± 0.14 Earth-radius planet that is the outermost of five planets, all roughly Earth-sized, that transit a 0.47 ± 0.05 solar-radius star. The intensity and spectrum of the star's radiation place Kepler-186f in the stellar habitable zone, implying that if Kepler-186f has an Earth-like atmosphere and water at its surface, then some of this water is likely to be in liquid form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa V Quintana
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
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Borucki WJ, Agol E, Fressin F, Kaltenegger L, Rowe J, Isaacson H, Fischer D, Batalha N, Lissauer JJ, Marcy GW, Fabrycky D, Désert JM, Bryson ST, Barclay T, Bastien F, Boss A, Brugamyer E, Buchhave LA, Burke C, Caldwell DA, Carter J, Charbonneau D, Crepp JR, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Christiansen JL, Ciardi D, Cochran WD, DeVore E, Doyle L, Dupree AK, Endl M, Everett ME, Ford EB, Fortney J, Gautier TN, Geary JC, Gould A, Haas M, Henze C, Howard AW, Howell SB, Huber D, Jenkins JM, Kjeldsen H, Kolbl R, Kolodziejczak J, Latham DW, Lee BL, Lopez E, Mullally F, Orosz JA, Prsa A, Quintana EV, Sanchis-Ojeda R, Sasselov D, Seader S, Shporer A, Steffen JH, Still M, Tenenbaum P, Thompson SE, Torres G, Twicken JD, Welsh WF, Winn JN. Kepler-62: A Five-Planet System with Planets of 1.4 and 1.6 Earth Radii in the Habitable Zone. Science 2013; 340:587-90. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1234702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Agol
- Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Francois Fressin
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lisa Kaltenegger
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Astronomy, Koenigstuhl 17, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jason Rowe
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Fabrycky
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Barclay
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Alan Boss
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Erik Brugamyer
- McDonald Observatory, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lars A. Buchhave
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris Burke
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | | | - Josh Carter
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Charbonneau
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Justin R. Crepp
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | | | - David Ciardi
- Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Edna DeVore
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | | | - Andrea K. Dupree
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Endl
- McDonald Observatory, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mark E. Everett
- National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Eric B. Ford
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jonathan Fortney
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Thomas N. Gautier
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - John C. Geary
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alan Gould
- Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Haas
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Andrew W. Howard
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | | | - Daniel Huber
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Hans Kjeldsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rea Kolbl
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - David W. Latham
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Brian L. Lee
- Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eric Lopez
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | | | - Andrej Prsa
- Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | | | | | - Dimitar Sasselov
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Avi Shporer
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA
| | | | - Martin Still
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | | | - Guillermo Torres
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua N. Winn
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Welsh WF, Orosz JA, Carter JA, Fabrycky DC, Ford EB, Lissauer JJ, Prša A, Quinn SN, Ragozzine D, Short DR, Torres G, Winn JN, Doyle LR, Barclay T, Batalha N, Bloemen S, Brugamyer E, Buchhave LA, Caldwell C, Caldwell DA, Christiansen JL, Ciardi DR, Cochran WD, Endl M, Fortney JJ, Gautier III TN, Gilliland RL, Haas MR, Hall JR, Holman MJ, Howard AW, Howell SB, Isaacson H, Jenkins JM, Klaus TC, Latham DW, Li J, Marcy GW, Mazeh T, Quintana EV, Robertson P, Shporer A, Steffen JH, Windmiller G, Koch DG, Borucki WJ. Transiting circumbinary planets Kepler-34 b and Kepler-35 b. Nature 2012; 481:475-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Doyle LR, Carter JA, Fabrycky DC, Slawson RW, Howell SB, Winn JN, Orosz JA, Prˇsa A, Welsh WF, Quinn SN, Latham D, Torres G, Buchhave LA, Marcy GW, Fortney JJ, Shporer A, Ford EB, Lissauer JJ, Ragozzine D, Rucker M, Batalha N, Jenkins JM, Borucki WJ, Koch D, Middour CK, Hall JR, McCauliff S, Fanelli MN, Quintana EV, Holman MJ, Caldwell DA, Still M, Stefanik RP, Brown WR, Esquerdo GA, Tang S, Furesz G, Geary JC, Berlind P, Calkins ML, Short DR, Steffen JH, Sasselov D, Dunham EW, Cochran WD, Boss A, Haas MR, Buzasi D, Fischer D. Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet. Science 2011; 333:1602-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1210923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurance R. Doyle
- Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Joshua A. Carter
- Hubble Fellow, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Daniel C. Fabrycky
- Hubble Fellow, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Robert W. Slawson
- Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | | | - Joshua N. Winn
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jerome A. Orosz
- Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182–1221, USA
| | - Andrej Prˇsa
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - William F. Welsh
- Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182–1221, USA
| | - Samuel N. Quinn
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Latham
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Guillermo Torres
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lars A. Buchhave
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Konkoly Observatory, Konkoly ut 15-17, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary
| | - Geoffrey W. Marcy
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Fortney
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Avi Shporer
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
- Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Eric B. Ford
- 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611–2055, USA
| | | | - Darin Ragozzine
- Hubble Fellow, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Rucker
- Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Natalie Batalha
- Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Jon M. Jenkins
- Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | | | - David Koch
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Jennifer R. Hall
- Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Sean McCauliff
- Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Michael N. Fanelli
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Elisa V. Quintana
- Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Matthew J. Holman
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Douglas A. Caldwell
- Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Martin Still
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Robert P. Stefanik
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Warren R. Brown
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Gilbert A. Esquerdo
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sumin Tang
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Gabor Furesz
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John C. Geary
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Perry Berlind
- Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Amado, AZ 85645, USA
| | - Michael L. Calkins
- Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Amado, AZ 85645, USA
| | - Donald R. Short
- Department of Mathematics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jason H. Steffen
- Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, Post Office Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Dimitar Sasselov
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - William D. Cochran
- McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alan Boss
- Carnegie Institute of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | | | - Derek Buzasi
- Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602, USA
| | - Debra Fischer
- Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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13
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Lissauer JJ, Fabrycky DC, Ford EB, Borucki WJ, Fressin F, Marcy GW, Orosz JA, Rowe JF, Torres G, Welsh WF, Batalha NM, Bryson ST, Buchhave LA, Caldwell DA, Carter JA, Charbonneau D, Christiansen JL, Cochran WD, Desert JM, Dunham EW, Fanelli MN, Fortney JJ, Gautier III TN, Geary JC, Gilliland RL, Haas MR, Hall JR, Holman MJ, Koch DG, Latham DW, Lopez E, McCauliff S, Miller N, Morehead RC, Quintana EV, Ragozzine D, Sasselov D, Short DR, Steffen JH. A closely packed system of low-mass, low-density planets transiting Kepler-11. Nature 2011; 470:53-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Holman MJ, Fabrycky DC, Ragozzine D, Ford EB, Steffen JH, Welsh WF, Lissauer JJ, Latham DW, Marcy GW, Walkowicz LM, Batalha NM, Jenkins JM, Rowe JF, Cochran WD, Fressin F, Torres G, Buchhave LA, Sasselov DD, Borucki WJ, Koch DG, Basri G, Brown TM, Caldwell DA, Charbonneau D, Dunham EW, Gautier TN, Geary JC, Gilliland RL, Haas MR, Howell SB, Ciardi DR, Endl M, Fischer D, Fürész G, Hartman JD, Isaacson H, Johnson JA, MacQueen PJ, Moorhead AV, Morehead RC, Orosz JA. Kepler-9: A System of Multiple Planets Transiting a Sun-Like Star, Confirmed by Timing Variations. Science 2010; 330:51-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1195778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Holman
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Daniel C. Fabrycky
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Darin Ragozzine
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eric B. Ford
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jason H. Steffen
- Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - Jack J. Lissauer
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David W. Latham
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jon M. Jenkins
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Jason F. Rowe
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Francois Fressin
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Guillermo Torres
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lars A. Buchhave
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dimitar D. Sasselov
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - David G. Koch
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Gibor Basri
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Timothy M. Brown
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Douglas A. Caldwell
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - David Charbonneau
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Thomas N. Gautier
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - John C. Geary
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | - Steve B. Howell
- National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - David R. Ciardi
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | - Gábor Fürész
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joel D. Hartman
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Shaw GH, Caldwell DA. Sound-wave velocities in liquid alkali metals studied at temperatures up to 150 degreesC and pressures up to 0.7 GPa. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1985; 32:7937-7947. [PMID: 9936964 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.32.7937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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