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Alberton CL, Nunes GN, Rau DGDS, Bergamin M, Cavalli AS, Pinto SS. Vertical Ground Reaction Force During a Water-Based Exercise Performed by Elderly Women: Equipment Use Effects. Res Q Exerc Sport 2019; 90:479-486. [PMID: 31184984 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1620910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to compare the vertical ground reaction force responses during the performance of the stationary running water-based exercise with and without equipment at different cadences by elderly women. Method: Nineteen elderly women (age: 68.6 ± 5.0 years; body mass: 69.0 ± 9.5 kg; height: 154.9 ± 5.6 cm) completed one session consisting of the performance of the water-based stationary running with elbow flexion and extension immersed to the xiphoid process depth. The exercise was performed in three conditions, without equipment, with water-floating and with water-resistance equipment, at three cadences (80 b·min-1, 100 b·min-1 and maximal) in a randomized order. Peak and impulse of vertical ground reaction force were collected during the exercise using an underwater force plate. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA was used (α = 0.05). Results: Peak vertical ground reaction force (p < .001) and impulse (p ≤ 0.002) resulted in lower values for the water-floating use (0.42-0.48 BW and 0.07-0.13 N.s/BW) in comparison to the water-resistance equipment use (0.46-0.60 BW and 0.09-0.16 N.s/BW) and to the non-use of equipment (0.45-0.60 BW and 0.07-0.17 N.s/BW), except for the impulse at the maximal cadence. In addition, peak vertical ground reaction force at 80 b·min-1 (p = .002) and impulse at the maximal cadence (p < .001) showed lower values compared to the other cadences. Conclusion: The use of water-floating equipment minimizes the vertical ground reaction force during the stationary running water-based exercise performed by elderly women regardless of the cadence.
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Alberton CL, Pinto SS, Nunes GN, Rau DGDS, Finatto P, Antunes AH, Tartaruga MP, Bergamin M, Cadore EL, Kruel LFM. Horizontal ground reaction forces to stationary running performed in the water and on dry land at different physiological intensities. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:1013-1020. [PMID: 28609196 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1337814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the peak anterior-posterior (Fy) and medio-lateral (Fx) ground reaction forces (GRFs) of women performing stationary running at different intensities in aquatic and dry land environments. Fourteen young women performed the stationary running exercise at three cadences (first ventilatory threshold, second ventilatory threshold and maximum effort, as determined during exercise in water) in aquatic and dry land environments. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the data (α = .05). As a result, significantly lower peak Fy anterior, Fy posterior, Fx medial and Fx lateral values were observed for the aquatic environment, except for the Fy posterior at the first ventilatory threshold. Significant differences were observed between cadences in the peak Fy anterior, Fy posterior, Fx medial and Fx lateral values, with higher values for the cadence corresponding to maximum effort compared to the first ventilatory threshold, except for the Fy posterior and Fx medial in the aquatic environment. The results indicate that the horizontal GRFs are reduced in the aquatic environment and depend on the intensity of stationary running exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Lima Alberton
- a Department of Sports, Physical Education School , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Stephanie Santana Pinto
- a Department of Sports, Physical Education School , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Gabriela Neves Nunes
- a Department of Sports, Physical Education School , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Paula Finatto
- b Physical Education School , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Amanda Haberland Antunes
- b Physical Education School , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Marco Bergamin
- d Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- b Physical Education School , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
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