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Darbin O, Indriani DW, Ardalan A, Eghbalnia HR, Assadi A, Nambu A, Montgomery E. Spectrum dependency to Rate and Spike Timing in neuronal spike trains. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 372:109532. [PMID: 35182602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spike trains are series of interspike intervals in a specific order that can be characterized by their probability distributions and order in time which refer to the concepts of rate and spike timing features. Periodic structure in the spike train can be reflected in oscillatory activities. Thus, there is a direct link between oscillator activities and the spike train. The proposed methods are to investigate the dependency of emerging oscillatory activities to the rate and the spike timing features. METHOD First, the circular statistics methods were compared to Fast Fourier Transform for best estimation of spectra. Second, two statistical tests were introduced to help make decisions regarding the dependency of spectrum, or individual frequencies, onto rate and spike timing. Third, the methodology is applied to in-vivo recordings of basal ganglia neurons in mouse, primate, and human. Finally, this novel framework is shown to allow the investigation of subsets of spikes contributing to individual oscillators. RESULTS Use of circular statistical methods, in comparison to FFT, minimizes spectral leakage. Using virtual spike trains, the Rate versus Timing Dependency Spectrum Test (or RTDs-Test) permits identifying spectral spike trains solely dependent on the rate feature from those that are also dependent on the spike timing feature. Similarly, the Rate versus Timing Dependency Frequency Test (or RTDf-Test), allows to identify individual oscillators with partial dependency on spike timing. Dependency on spike timing was found for all in-vivo recordings but only in few frequencies. The mapping in frequency and time of dependencies showed a dynamical process that may be organizing the basal ganglia function. CONCLUSIONS The methodology may improve our understanding of the emergence of oscillatory activities and, possibly, the relation between oscillatory activities and circuitry functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Darbin
- Department of Neurology, University South Alabama, 307 University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, JAPAN.
| | - Dwi Wahyu Indriani
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, JAPAN; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, JAPAN
| | - Adel Ardalan
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hamid R Eghbalnia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics. UConn Health. 263 Farmington Avenue Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Amir Assadi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 480 Lincoln Drive, 213 Van Vleck Hall, Madison, WI 53706 5, USA
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, JAPAN; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, JAPAN
| | - Erwin Montgomery
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, CA, USA
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Norafika, Arbianti N, Prihatiningsih S, Indriani DW, Indriati DW. A retrospective cross-sectional study of urinary tract infections and prevalence of antibiotic resistant pathogens in patients with diabetes mellitus from a public hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. Germs 2020; 10:157-166. [PMID: 33134193 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that can cause many complications. The occurrence of urinary tract infection is also considered to be the cause of complications in patients with DM. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria found in urine culture from patients with DM in Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods This study was conducted with a retrospective cross-sectional study design, using a database of 1551 patients with DM admitted to Haji Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January 2017 to December 2018. Data regarding the bacteria isolated from urine and antimicrobial sensitivity were analyzed. Results The prevalence of UTI was 3.93% - 61 patients were confirmed with urine culture for UTI diagnosis. The predominant isolates found were Escherichia coli (24.5%) and Enterococcus faecalis (8%). This study also showed multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) found in UTI such as Escherichia coli MDRO (3.3 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae MDRO (3.3%), Acinetobacter baumannii MDRO (1.6%), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli (3.3%). The E. coli were sensitive to fosfomycin (93%), meropenem (93%) and nitrofurantoin (67%). No significant difference in the prevalence of UTI was found among ages, sex, and duration of disease in all patients with DM. Conclusions The cases of UTI seen in patients with DM show the importance of monitoring UTI occurrence in this patient category to ensure better treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norafika
- BSc, Team of Antimicrobial Resource Alternative Studies for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Research Group, Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Dharmawangsa Dalam Selatan no 28-30, Surabaya, 60286, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Novita Arbianti
- MD, Clinical Microbiologist, Team of Microbiology Laboratory, Haji General Hospital, Surabaya, 60116, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Septiyani Prihatiningsih
- M.OHS (Occupational Health and Safety), Team of Antimicrobial Resource Alternative Studies for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Research Group, Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Dharmawangsa Dalam Selatan no 28-30, Surabaya, 60286, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Wahyu Indriani
- PhD, Physiologist, Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Dwi Wahyu Indriati
- Ph.D, Leader of Antimicrobial Resource Alternative Studies for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Research Group, Department of Health, Division of Medical Laboratory Technologist, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Dharmawangsa Dalam Selatan no 28-30, Surabaya, 60286, East Java, Indonesia
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