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Gamage SST, Pahattuge TN, Wijerathne H, Childers K, Vaidyanathan S, Athapattu US, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Hupert ML, Muller RM, Muller-Cohn J, Dickerson J, Dufek D, Geisbrecht BV, Pathak H, Pessetto Z, Gan GN, Choi J, Park S, Godwin AK, Witek MA, Soper SA. Microfluidic affinity selection of active SARS-CoV-2 virus particles. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn9665. [PMID: 36170362 PMCID: PMC9519043 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a microfluidic assay to select active severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral particles (VPs), which were defined as intact particles with an accessible angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor binding domain (RBD) on the spike (S) protein, from clinical samples. Affinity selection of SARS-CoV-2 particles was carried out using injection molded microfluidic chips, which allow for high-scale production to accommodate large-scale screening. The microfluidic contained a surface-bound aptamer directed against the virus's S protein RBD to affinity select SARS-CoV-2 VPs. Following selection (~94% recovery), the VPs were released from the chip's surface using a blue light light-emitting diode (89% efficiency). Selected SARS-CoV-2 VP enumeration was carried out using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The VP selection assay successfully identified healthy donors (clinical specificity = 100%) and 19 of 20 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (95% sensitivity). In 15 patients with COVID-19, the presence of active SARS-CoV-2 VPs was found. The chip can be reprogrammed for any VP or exosomes by simply changing the affinity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra S. T. Gamage
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Thilanga N. Pahattuge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Harshani Wijerathne
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Katie Childers
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Swarnagowri Vaidyanathan
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Uditha S. Athapattu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian V. Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | | - Gregory N. Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Junseo Choi
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sunggook Park
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Malgorzata A. Witek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Sonek J, Muller R, Muller-Cohn J, Dickerson J, Garcia Lopez B, Barber-Singh J, Dufek D, Hiett AK, Buchanan P. Identification of fetal aneuploidy with dual-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in circulating trophoblasts after enrichment using a high-sensitivity microfluidic platform. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:1701-1708. [PMID: 34582049 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a microfluidics-based positive selection technology for isolating circulating trophoblasts (CTs) from peripheral blood of women whose pregnancies are affected by aneuploidy and to evaluate fetal karyotype using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). METHOD Ten 18-ml samples of peripheral blood were collected consecutively from pregnant women whose fetus was affected by aneuploidy. A preservation buffer was added, and the specimens were shipped overnight to the testing laboratory at ambient temperature. The specimen was infused into the fully automated microfluidics-based LiquidScan® instrument without pre-processing. This instrument contains microfluidic chips, which are coated with antibodies (anti-huEpCAM and a proprietary antibody mixture) specific to CT surface epitopes. FISH analysis was performed on the enriched cells. RESULTS Fetal aneuploidy evaluated included trisomy 21 (n = 3), trisomy 18 (n = 1), trisomy 13 (n = 1), monosomy X (n = 3), and triploidy (n = 1). CTs for analysis by FISH were identified in all samples. The average number of mononucleate cells per 1 ml of whole blood was 2.11 (range 0.38-4.63) overall and was 2.67 (range 1.13-4.63) using the proprietary combination of antibodies. FISH results were concordant with the aneuploidy based on other testing in all cases. Multinucleate cells were searched for and identified in the last seven samples (average number: 0.84/1 ml). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the LiquidScan® , a high-sensitivity microfluidic platform, can enrich circulating trophoblasts (mononucleate and multinucleate). FISH can then be used to detect fetal aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Sonek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Rolf Muller
- BioFluidica, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dylan Dufek
- BioFluidica, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Adam Kinney Hiett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Philip Buchanan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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