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Niemelä E, Desai D, Niemi R, Doroszko M, Özliseli E, Kemppainen K, Rahman NA, Sahlgren C, Törnquist K, Eriksson JE, Rosenholm JM. Nanoparticles carrying fingolimod and methotrexate enables targeted induction of apoptosis and immobilization of invasive thyroid cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:1-9. [PMID: 31917332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic tumors are the main cause of cancer-related death, as the invading cancer cells disrupt normal functions of distant organs and are nearly impossible to eradicate by traditional cancer therapeutics. This is of special concern when the cancer has created multiple metastases and extensive surgery would be too dangerous to execute. Therefore, combination chemotherapy is often the selected treatment form. However, drug cocktails often have severe adverse effects on healthy cells, whereby the development of targeted drug delivery could minimize side-effects of drugs and increase the efficacy of the combination therapy. In this study, we utilized the folate antagonist methotrexate (MTX) as targeting ligand conjugated onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for selective eradication of folate receptor-expressing invasive thyroid cancer cells. The MSNs was subsequently loaded with the drug fingolimod (FTY720), which has previously been shown to efficiently inhibit proliferation and invasion of aggressive thyroid cancer cells. To assess the efficiency of our carrier system, comprehensive in vitro methods were employed; including flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, viability assays, invasion assay, and label-free imaging techniques. The in vitro results show that MTX-conjugated and FTY720-loaded MSNs potently attenuated both the proliferation and invasion of the cancerous thyroid cells while keeping the off-target effects in normal thyroid cells reasonably low. For a more physiologically relevant in vivo approach we utilized the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, showing decreased invasive behavior of the thyroid derived xenografts and an increased necrotic phenotype compared to tumors that received the free drug cocktail. Thus, the developed multidrug-loaded MSNs effectively induced apoptosis and immobilization of invasive thyroid cancer cells, and could potentially be used as a carrier system for targeted drug delivery for the treatment of diverse forms of aggressive cancers that expresses folate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Niemelä
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - D Desai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - R Niemi
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - M Doroszko
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section for Neuro-oncology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - E Özliseli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - K Kemppainen
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - N A Rahman
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - C Sahlgren
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - K Törnquist
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - J M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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