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Agosta F, Spinelli EG, Riva N, Fontana A, Basaia S, Canu E, Castelnovo V, Falzone Y, Carrera P, Comi G, Filippi M. Survival prediction models in motor neuron disease. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:1143-1152. [PMID: 30920076 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the predictive value of multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on survival in a large cohort of patients with motor neuron disease (MND), in combination with clinical and cognitive features. METHODS Two hundred MND patients were followed up prospectively for a median of 4.13 years. At baseline, subjects underwent neurological examination, cognitive assessment and brain MRI. Grey matter volumes of cortical and subcortical structures and diffusion tensor MRI metrics of white matter tracts were obtained. A multivariable Royston-Parmar survival model was created using clinical and cognitive variables. The increase of survival prediction accuracy provided by MRI variables was assessed. RESULTS The multivariable clinical model included predominant upper or lower motor neuron presentations and diagnostic delay as significant prognostic predictors, reaching an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of a 4-year survival prediction of 0.79. The combined clinical and MRI model including selected grey matter fronto-temporal volumes and diffusion tensor MRI metrics of the corticospinal and extra-motor tracts reached an AUC of 0.89. Considering amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients only, the clinical model including diagnostic delay and semantic fluency scores provided an AUC of 0.62, whereas the combined clinical and MRI model reached an AUC of 0.77. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that brain MRI measures of motor and extra-motor structural damage, when combined with clinical and cognitive features, are useful predictors of survival in patients with MND, particularly when a diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - E G Spinelli
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - N Riva
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - A Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - S Basaia
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - E Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - V Castelnovo
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Y Falzone
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - P Carrera
- Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Clinical Molecular Biology Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G Comi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - M Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Imperiale F, Agosta F, Canu E, Markovic V, Inuggi A, Jecmenica-Lukic M, Tomic A, Copetti M, Basaia S, Kostic VS, Filippi M. Brain structural and functional signatures of impulsive-compulsive behaviours in Parkinson's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:459-466. [PMID: 28265121 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed brain structural and functional alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease and impulsive-compulsive behaviours (PD-ICB) compared with controls and PD no-ICB cases. Eighty-five PD patients (35 PD-ICB) and 50 controls were recruited. All subjects underwent three-dimensional T1-weighted, diffusion tensor (DT), and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS fMRI). We assessed cortical thickness with surface-based morphometry, subcortical volumes using FIRST, DT MRI metrics using region of interest and tractography approaches, and RS fMRI using a model free approach. Compared with controls, both PD groups showed a pattern of brain structural alterations in the basal ganglia (more evident in PD no-ICB patients), sensorimotor and associative systems. Compared with PD no-ICB, PD-ICB cases showed left precentral and superior frontal cortical thinning, and motor and extramotor white matter tract damage. Compared with controls, all patients had an increased functional connectivity within the visual network. Additionally, PD no-ICB showed increased functional connectivity of bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri within the sensorimotor network compared with controls and PD-ICB. Severity and duration of PD-ICB modulated the functional connectivity between sensorimotor, visual and cognitive networks. Relative to PD no-ICB, PD-ICB patients were characterised by a more severe involvement of frontal, meso-limbic and motor circuits. These data suggest ICB in PD as the result of a disconnection between sensorimotor, associative and cognitive networks with increasing motor impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and ICB duration. These findings may have important implications in understanding the neural substrates underlying ICB in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Imperiale
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - F Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - E Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - V Markovic
- Clinic of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Inuggi
- Unit of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Jecmenica-Lukic
- Clinic of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Tomic
- Clinic of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Copetti
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - S Basaia
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - V S Kostic
- Clinic of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Filippi M, Agosta F, Galantucci S, Sala S, Valsasina P, Meani A, Canu E, Caso F, Cappa S, Magnani G, Franceschi M, Falini A, Comi G. Network analysis of intrinsic functional connectivity in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Filippi M, Canu E, Gasparotti R, Agosta F, Valsecchi P, Lodoli G, Galluzzo A, Comi G, Sacchetti E. Patterns of brain structural changes in first-contact, antipsychotic drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 35:30-7. [PMID: 23744689 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have suggested that structural changes do occur in the brain of patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy control participants. However, findings from such studies are inconclusive, probably because of the different methodologic approaches, the clinical heterogeneity of patient samples, and also the fact that patients enrolled were treated with antipsychotic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate brain GM volumes and intrinsic structural WM changes in first-contact, antipsychotic drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 43 first-contact, drug-naïve, patients with schizophrenia and 17 age-matched control participants were studied. All participants underwent T1-weighted MR imaging and DTI scans. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were used to compare GM volumes and WM DTI metrics between groups. MR imaging measures were correlated with the duration of the untreated psychosis and the clinical positive and negative symptoms. RESULTS Compared with control participants, patients with schizophrenia showed smaller volumes of the temporal, parietal, and occipital GM, and a pattern of decreased mean diffusivity and increased fractional anisotropy in the brain stem and cerebellum bilaterally, interhemispheric and cortico-cortical connections bilaterally, and right anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule. In patients, decreased mean diffusivity and increased fractional anisotropy in several brain regions were related to a longer duration of the untreated psychosis and the severity of positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS First-contact, drug-naïve, patients with schizophrenia present with volumetric and DTI changes, which correlated with their clinical features. This study increases our knowledge on the neural networks involved in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience
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Agosta F, Sala S, Valsasina P, Meani A, Canu E, Magnani G, Cappa SF, Scola E, Quatto P, Horsfield MA, Falini A, Comi G, Filippi M. Brain network connectivity assessed using graph theory in frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 2013; 81:134-43. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31829a33f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Filippi M, Canu E, Agosta F. The role of amyloid-β, tau, and apolipoprotein E epsilon4 in Alzheimer disease: how is the team playing? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:511-2. [PMID: 22918432 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Agosta F, Scola E, Canu E, Marcone A, Magnani G, Sarro L, Copetti M, Caso F, Cerami C, Comi G, Cappa SF, Falini A, Filippi M. White Matter Damage in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Spectrum. Cereb Cortex 2012; 22:2705-14. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sarro L, Agosta F, Canu E, Stojkovic T, Pievani M, Tomic A, Dragasevic N, Copetti M, Comi G, Kostic V, Filippi M. The Topography of Brain Damage at Different Stages of Parkinson's Disease (S22.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s22.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Agosta F, Scola E, Canu E, Magnani G, Marcone A, Valsasina P, Caso F, Copetti M, Comi G, Cappa S, Falini A, Filippi M. Functional Network Connectivity in the Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (P04.216). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sarro L, Agosta F, Scola E, Canu E, Marcone A, Magnani G, Franceschi M, Comi G, Cappa S, Falini A, Filippi M. Functional Connectivity during Resting State Functional MR Imaging in the Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (P04.217). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Canu E, Agosta F, Scola E, Magnani G, Marcone A, Noris A, Falautano M, Cappa S, Falini A, Comi G, Filippi M. Patterns of Microstructural White Matter Damage in Early and Late Age of Onset Alzheimer's Disease Patients (P05.044). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Galantucci S, Agosta F, Scola E, Chio A, Riva N, Silani V, Canu E, Calvo A, Falini A, Comi G, Filippi M. White Matter Damage in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Primary Lateral Sclerosis: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study (P03.162). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Scarale A, Scarlato M, Agosta F, Canu E, Bassi M, Benedetti S, Pagani E, Ferrari M, Comi G, Falini A, Sessa M, Filippi M. White Matter Damage in Pure and Complicated Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis (P03.164). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Canu E, Gasparotti R, Agosta F, Valsecchi P, Pagani E, Comi G, Sacchetti E, Filippi M. Additional Evidence for White Matter Damage in Never-Medicated Adults with Schizophrenia and Schizophreniform Disorder (P02.034). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bendlin B, Canu E, Willette A, Kastman E, McLaren D, Kosmatka K, Xu G, Field A, Colman R, Coe C, Weindruch R, Alexander A, Johnson S. Effects of aging and calorie restriction on white matter in rhesus macaques. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32:2319.e1-11. [PMID: 20541839 PMCID: PMC2939965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rhesus macaques on a calorie restricted diet (CR) develop less age-related disease, have virtually no indication of diabetes, are protected against sarcopenia, and potentially live longer. Beneficial effects of caloric restriction likely include reductions in age-related inflammation and oxidative damage. Oligodendrocytes are particularly susceptible to inflammation and oxidative stress, therefore, we hypothesized that CR would have a beneficial effect on brain white matter and would attenuate age-related decline in this tissue. CR monkeys and controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). A beneficial effect of CR indexed by DTI was observed in superior longitudinal fasciculus, fronto-occipital fasciculus, external capsule, and brainstem. Aging effects were observed in several regions, although CR appeared to attenuate age-related alterations in superior longitudinal fasciculus, frontal white matter, external capsule, right parahippocampal white matter, and dorsal occipital bundle. The results, however, were regionally specific and also suggested that CR is not salutary across all white matter. Further evaluation of this unique cohort of elderly primates to mortality will shed light on the ultimate benefits of an adult-onset, moderate CR diet for deferring brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.B. Bendlin
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E. Canu
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A.A. Willette
- Harlow Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - E.K. Kastman
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D.G. McLaren
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K.J. Kosmatka
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - G. Xu
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A.S. Field
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Radiology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R.J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - C.L. Coe
- Harlow Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - R.H. Weindruch
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - A.L. Alexander
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Physics, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S.C. Johnson
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
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Sarro L, Agosta F, Canu E, Riva N, Prelle A, Copetti M, Riccitelli G, Comi G, Filippi M. Cognitive functions and white matter tract damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a diffusion tensor tractography study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1866-72. [PMID: 22016410 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ALS is predominantly a disease of the motor system, but cognitive and behavioral symptoms also are observed. DT MR imaging is sensitive to microstructural changes occurring in WM tracts of patients with ALS. In this study, we investigated the association between cognitive functions and extramotor WM tract abnormalities in ALS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS DT MR imaging was obtained from 16 nondemented patients with ALS and 15 healthy controls. Patients with ALS underwent a neuropsychologic and behavioral evaluation. DT tractography was used to asses the integrity of the CST, corpus callosum, and the major long-range association tracts. The relationship between DT MR imaging metrics and cognitive functions was tested by using linear model analyses, adjusting for age and clinical disability. RESULTS Eleven patients (69%) scored below the fifth percentile in at least 1 cognitive test, and 2 of them had a mild executive impairment. Performances at tests assessing attention and executive functions correlated with DT MR imaging metrics of the corpus callosum, CST, and long association WM tracts bilaterally, including the cingulum, inferior longitudinal, inferior fronto-occipital, and uncinate fasciculi. Verbal learning and memory test scores were associated with fornix DT MR imaging values, whereas visual-spatial abilities correlated with left uncinate fractional anisotropy. CONCLUSIONS WM tract degeneration is associated with neuropsychologic deficits in patients with ALS. DT tractography holds promise to gain insight into the role of the brain WM network abnormalities in the development of cognitive impairment in patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sarro
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Canu E, Agosta F, Riva N, Sala S, Prelle A, Caputo D, Perini M, Comi G, Filippi M. The topography of brain microstructural damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis assessed using diffusion tensor MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1307-14. [PMID: 21680655 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ALS leads to macrostructural (ie, cortical atrophy and hyperintensities along the corticospinal tract) and microstructural (ie, gray matter intrinsic damage) central nervous system abnormalities. We used a multimodal voxelwise imaging approach to assess microstructural changes independent of macrostructural volume loss in patients with ALS compared with HCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients with ALS and 14 HCs were studied. Conventional imaging and DTI were performed. Images were processed by using SPM5 to assess measures of gray and white matter atrophy as well as microstructural damage (ie, MD and FA). DTI alterations independent of volume loss were investigated. RESULTS When we accounted for both gray and white matter atrophy, patients with ALS showed increased MD values in several gray and white matter areas mainly located in the orbitofrontal and frontotemporal regions bilaterally, in the right genu of the corpus callosum, and in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule. When we accounted for white matter volume loss, patients with ALS showed decreased FA along the corticospinal tract bilaterally and in the left inferior frontal lobe relative to HCs. The MD of the orbitofrontal regions bilaterally was associated significantly with disease duration. CONCLUSIONS In patients with ALS, DTI detects microstructural changes independent of brain tissue loss. The affected regions included both motor and extramotor areas. The extent of ALS-related DTI abnormalities was greater than that disclosed by the volumetric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Cavedo E, Boccardi M, Ganzola R, Canu E, Beltramello A, Caltagirone C, Thompson PM, Frisoni GB. Local amygdala structural differences with 3T MRI in patients with Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 76:727-33. [PMID: 21339500 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820d62d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histologic studies show that the amygdala is affected by Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology, and its medial aspect is the most involved. We aimed to assess in vivo local structural differences in the amygdala of patients with AD using high-field MRI. METHODS A total of 19 patients with AD (mean age 76, SD 6 years, mean Mini-Mental State Examination score [MMSE] 13, SD 4) and 19 healthy elderly controls (age 74, SD 5, MMSE 29, SD 1) were enrolled. The radial atrophy mapping technique was used to reconstruct the 3-dimensional surface of the amygdala. Maps of surface tissue loss in patients with AD vs controls were computed and statistically tested with permutation tests thresholded at p < 0.05, to correct for multiple comparisons. A digital atlas of the amygdalar nuclei was used to infer which nuclei were involved. RESULTS Both amygdalar volumes were significantly smaller in patients with AD (right 1,508 mm³, SD 418; left 1,646, SD 419) than controls (right 2,129 mm³, SD 316; left 2,077, SD 376; p < 0.002). In the dorsomedial part, significant local tissue loss (20%-30%) was mapped in the medial and central nuclei. Ventrally, the lateral nucleus (La) and the basolateral ventral medial nucleus (BLVM) were also involved (20%-30% loss). CONCLUSIONS We found in vivo local structural differences in the amygdala of patients with AD. The nuclei involved have known connections to the hippocampus (BLVM, La) and olfactory system (medial nucleus) and with cholinergic pathways (central nucleus). This pattern is consistent with the known pathophysiology of neural systems affected by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cavedo
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology Neuroimaging & Telemedicine), IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Willette AA, Bendlin BB, McLaren DG, Canu E, Kastman EK, Kosmatka KJ, Xu G, Field AS, Alexander AL, Colman RJ, Weindruch RH, Coe CL, Johnson SC. Age-related changes in neural volume and microstructure associated with interleukin-6 are ameliorated by a calorie-restricted diet in old rhesus monkeys. Neuroimage 2010; 51:987-94. [PMID: 20298794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) increase in old age and may contribute to neural atrophy in humans. We investigated IL-6 associations with age in T1-weighted segments and microstructural diffusion indices using MRI in aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Further, we determined if long-term 30% calorie restriction (CR) reduced IL-6 and attenuated its association with lower tissue volume and density. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion-weighted voxelwise analyses were conducted. IL-6 was associated with less global gray and white matter (GM and WM), as well as smaller parietal and temporal GM volumes. Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) was associated with higher IL-6 levels along the corpus callosum and various cortical and subcortical tracts. Higher IL-6 concentrations across subjects were also associated with increased mean diffusivity (MD) throughout many brain regions, particularly in corpus callosum, cingulum, and parietal, frontal, and prefrontal areas. CR monkeys had significantly lower IL-6 and less associated atrophy. An IL-6xCR interaction across modalities also indicated that CR mitigated IL-6 related changes in several brain regions compared to controls. Peripheral IL-6 levels were correlated with atrophy in regions sensitive to aging, and this relationship was decreased by CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Willette
- Harlow Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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Willette AA, Canu E, Kastman EK, McLaren DG, Coe CL, Johnson SC. Associations of systemic Interleukin-6 and caloric restriction on age-induced atrophy and microstructural indices. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kastman EK, Bendlin BB, Kosmatka KJ, Willette AA, Canu E, McLaren DG, Johnson SC. Caloric Restriction Decreases Brain Iron Deposition in Rhesus Monkeys: a voxel-wise analysis. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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