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Bauer B, Liedtke D, Unsöld J, Klopocki E, Mally A. P18-08 Identification of transcriptional biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lohan S, Spielmann M, Doelken SC, Flöttmann R, Muhammad F, Baig SM, Wajid M, Hülsemann W, Habenicht R, Kjaer KW, Patil SJ, Girisha KM, Abarca-Barriga HH, Mundlos S, Klopocki E. Microduplications encompassing the Sonic hedgehog limb enhancer ZRS are associated with Haas-type polysyndactyly and Laurin-Sandrow syndrome. Clin Genet 2014; 86:318-25. [PMID: 24456159 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Laurin-Sandrow syndrome (LSS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by polysyndactyly of hands and/or feet, mirror image duplication of the feet, nasal defects, and loss of identity between fibula and tibia. The genetic basis of LSS is currently unknown. LSS shows phenotypic overlap with Haas-type polysyndactyly (HTS) regarding the digital phenotype. Here we report on five unrelated families with overlapping microduplications encompassing the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) limb enhancer ZPA regulatory sequence (ZRS) on chromosome 7q36. Clinically, the patients show polysyndactyly phenotypes and various types of lower limb malformations ranging from syndactyly to mirror image polydactyly with duplications of the fibulae. We show that larger duplications of the ZRS region (>80 kb) are associated with HTS, whereas smaller duplications (<80 kb) result in the LSS phenotype. On the basis of our data, the latter can be clearly distinguished from HTS by the presence of mirror image polysyndactyly of the feet with duplication of the fibula. Our results expand the clinical phenotype of the ZRS-associated syndromes and suggest that smaller duplications (<80 kb) are associated with a more severe phenotype. In addition, we show that these small microduplications within the ZRS region are the underlying genetic cause of Laurin-Sandrow syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lohan
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Research Group Mundlos, Berlin, Germany
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Vona B, Hofrichter MAH, Neuner C, Schröder J, Gehrig A, Hennermann JB, Kraus F, Shehata-Dieler W, Klopocki E, Nanda I, Haaf T. DFNB16 is a frequent cause of congenital hearing impairment: implementation of STRC mutation analysis in routine diagnostics. Clin Genet 2014; 87:49-55. [PMID: 26011646 PMCID: PMC4302246 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been directed toward assessing mutational fallout of stereocilin (STRC), the gene underlying DFNB16. A major challenge is due to a closely linked pseudogene with 99.6% coding sequence identity. In 94 GJB2/GJB6-mutation negative individuals with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (NSHL), we identified two homozygous and six heterozygous deletions, encompassing the STRC region by microarray and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. To detect smaller mutations, we developed a Sanger sequencing method for pseudogene exclusion. Three heterozygous deletion carriers exhibited hemizygous mutations predicted as negatively impacting the protein. In 30 NSHL individuals without deletion, we detected one with compound heterozygous and two with heterozygous pathogenic mutations. Of 36 total patients undergoing STRC sequencing, two showed the c.3893A>G variant in conjunction with a heterozygous deletion or mutation and three exhibited the variant in a heterozygous state. Although this variant affects a highly conserved amino acid and is predicted as deleterious, comparable minor allele frequencies (MAFs) (around 10%) in NSHL individuals and controls and homozygous variant carriers without NSHL argue against its pathogenicity. Collectively, six (6%) of 94 NSHL individuals were diagnosed with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations causing DFNB16 and five (5%) as heterozygous mutation carriers. Besides GJB2/GJB6 (DFNB1), STRC is a major contributor to congenital hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M A H Hofrichter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Neuner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Gehrig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J B Hennermann
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Kraus
- Comprehensive Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - W Shehata-Dieler
- Comprehensive Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Klopocki
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - I Nanda
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
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Møller RS, Jensen LR, Maas SM, Filmus J, Capurro M, Hansen C, Marcelis CLM, Ravn K, Andrieux J, Mathieu M, Kirchhoff M, Rødningen OK, de Leeuw N, Yntema HG, Froyen G, Vandewalle J, Ballon K, Klopocki E, Joss S, Tolmie J, Knegt AC, Lund AM, Hjalgrim H, Kuss AW, Tommerup N, Ullmann R, de Brouwer APM, Strømme P, Kjaergaard S, Tümer Z, Kleefstra T. X-linked congenital ptosis and associated intellectual disability, short stature, microcephaly, cleft palate, digital and genital abnormalities define novel Xq25q26 duplication syndrome. Hum Genet 2013; 133:625-38. [PMID: 24326587 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Submicroscopic duplications along the long arm of the X-chromosome with known phenotypic consequences are relatively rare events. The clinical features resulting from such duplications are various, though they often include intellectual disability, microcephaly, short stature, hypotonia, hypogonadism and feeding difficulties. Female carriers are often phenotypically normal or show a similar but milder phenotype, as in most cases the X-chromosome harbouring the duplication is subject to inactivation. Xq28, which includes MECP2 is the major locus for submicroscopic X-chromosome duplications, whereas duplications in Xq25 and Xq26 have been reported in only a few cases. Using genome-wide array platforms we identified overlapping interstitial Xq25q26 duplications ranging from 0.2 to 4.76 Mb in eight unrelated families with in total five affected males and seven affected females. All affected males shared a common phenotype with intrauterine- and postnatal growth retardation and feeding difficulties in childhood. Three had microcephaly and two out of five suffered from epilepsy. In addition, three males had a distinct facial appearance with congenital bilateral ptosis and large protruding ears and two of them showed a cleft palate. The affected females had various clinical symptoms similar to that of the males with congenital bilateral ptosis in three families as most remarkable feature. Comparison of the gene content of the individual duplications with the respective phenotypes suggested three critical regions with candidate genes (AIFM1, RAB33A, GPC3 and IGSF1) for the common phenotypes, including candidate loci for congenital bilateral ptosis, small head circumference, short stature, genital and digital defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Kolonivej 7, 4293, Dianalund, Denmark,
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Muhn F, Klopocki E, Graul-Neumann L, Uhrig S, Colley A, Castori M, Lankes E, Henn W, Gruber-Sedlmayr U, Seifert W, Horn D. Novel mutations of thePRKAR1Agene in patients with acrodysostosis. Clin Genet 2013; 84:531-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Muhn
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - E Klopocki
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin Germany
| | - L Graul-Neumann
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - S Uhrig
- Institute of Human Genetics; Medical University; Graz Austria
| | - A Colley
- Department of Clinical Genetics, South Western Sydney LHD; Liverpool Hospital; Liverpool Australia
| | - M Castori
- Department of Molecular Medicine, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Sapienza University; Rome Italy
| | - E Lankes
- Pediatric Endocrinology; Otto Heubner Center for Pediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - W Henn
- Institute of Human Genetics; Saarland University; Homburg Saar Germany
| | | | - W Seifert
- Institute for Vegetative Anatomy, Charité; University Medicine of Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - D Horn
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Spalthand-/Spaltfußfehlbildungen (SHFM), auch Ektrodaktylie genannt, sind charakterisiert durch Fehlbildungen, die vor allem die medianen Strahlen der Hände/Füße betreffen und häufig mit einer Spaltbildung einhergehen. Basierend auf der Untersuchung von Mausmodellen wird derzeit ein Defekt der apikalen ektodermalen Randleiste als Pathomechanismus postuliert. Bisher wurden für SHFM sechs verschiedene Loci kartiert und sowohl Punktmutationen als auch genomische Rearrangements (Duplikationen, Translokationen, Deletionen) nachgewiesen. Die Ursache für SHFM bleibt in vielen Fällen dennoch ungeklärt. Mit Hilfe genomweiter Such-Methoden wie der Array-CGH konnten kürzlich Mikroduplikationen am Locus 17p13.3 als Ursache für Ektrodaktylie in Kombination mit Tibia-Reduktionsfehlbildungen identifiziert werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die genetischen Grundlagen, die Pathogenese sowie die Vererbung von SHFM und präsentiert ein Schema zum diagnostischen Vorgehen basierend auf der Häufigkeit der jeweiligen genetischen Ursache.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Klopocki
- Aff1_314 grid.6363.0 0000000122184662 Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Deutschland
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Villavicencio-Lorini P, Klopocki E, Pfeiffer L, Mundlos S, Horn D. Das 2q37-Deletionssyndrom. MED GENET-BERLIN 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-012-0318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Durch Deletionen im chromosomalen Bereich 2q37 wird ein klinisches Bild verursacht, das als „Albright-hereditäre-Osteodystrophie(AHO)-ähnliches Syndrom“ bezeichnet wird. Aufgrund der Hauptmerkmale leichte bis mäßig schwere Entwicklungsverzögerung, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und Brachydakytlie Typ E wird dieser Phänotyp auch Brachydaktylie-mentales-Retardierungs-Syndrom (BDMR, MIM 600430) genannt. Durch Eingrenzung minimaler krankheitsrelevanter 2q37-Deletionsintervalle wurde das Histondeacetylase-4-Gen (HDAC4, MIM 605314), ein zentraler Transkriptionsrepressor, der in der Gehirn-, Muskel- und Skelettentwicklung involviert ist, als krankheitsrelevantes Gen für das BDMR-Syndrom identifiziert. Bislang wurden intragenische HDAC4-Mutationen bei 2 Patienten mit BDMR-Syndrom nachgewiesen, bei denen zunächst aufgrund von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten klinisch ein Smith-Magenis-Syndrom vermutet worden war. Untersuchungen mittels Array-CGH („comparative genomic hybridization“) decken ein breiteres phänotypisches Spektrum des 2q37-Deletionssyndroms als bislang bekannt auf. So war der Nachweis einer 2q37-Deletion auch bei entwicklungsverzögerten Patienten ohne BDE möglich.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Villavicencio-Lorini
- Aff1_318 grid.6363.0 0000000122184662 Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - E. Klopocki
- Aff1_318 grid.6363.0 0000000122184662 Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - L. Pfeiffer
- Aff2_318 Praxisgemeinschaft für Pränatale Diagnostik und Medizinische Genetik Berlin Deutschland
| | - S. Mundlos
- Aff1_318 grid.6363.0 0000000122184662 Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - D. Horn
- Aff1_318 grid.6363.0 0000000122184662 Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum 13353 Berlin Deutschland
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Krentz S, Hof J, Klopocki E, Körner G, Troitier F, Steinhoff C, Seeger K, Mundlos S, Hagemeier C, Stackelberg AV, Henze G, Eckert C, Kirschner-Schwabe R. Prevalence and prognostic significance of chromosome 21 amplifications in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the ALL-REZ BFM study group. Klin Padiatr 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1254455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Zollner U, Klopocki E, Rehn M, Kunstmann E, Girschick G, Dietl J. Beidseitige fetale Radiusaplasie – Ein Fallbericht. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1222890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Steichen-Gersdorf E, Gassner I, Superti-Furga A, Ullmann R, Stricker S, Klopocki E, Mundlos S. Triangular tibia with fibular aplasia associated with a microdeletion on 2q11.2 encompassing LAF4. Clin Genet 2008; 74:560-5. [PMID: 18616733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nievergelt syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant mesomelic dysplasia characterized by specific deformities of the radius, ulna, fibula and a rhomboid shape of the tibia. Phenotypically overlapping conditions such as mesomelic dysplasia, Savarirayan-type (MIM 605274), have been described, but their pathogenesis also remains unknown. We report on a girl with fibular agenesis, severely abnormal, triangular tibiae, urogenital tract malformations, failure to thrive, convulsions and recurrent apnoeas leading to respiratory arrest at the age of 4 months. Her skeletal findings correspond to those of the mesomelic dysplasia, Savarirayan-type recently described in two patients. In addition to the skeletal findings, our patient had central nervous system manifestations and developmental anomalies of the urogenital tract. In the patient described in this study, array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis revealed a de novo interstitial microdeletion of 500 kb on chromosome 2q11.1 containing the LAF4/AFF3 (lymphoid-nuclear-protein-related AF4) gene. In situ hybridization analysis of Laf4 in mouse embryos revealed expression in the developing brain, in the limb buds and in the zeugopod corresponding to the limb phenotype. Haploinsufficiency for LAF4/AFF3 is associated with limb, brain and urogenital malformations and specific changes of the tibia that are part of the NS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Steichen-Gersdorf
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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11
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Klopocki E, Ott CE, Benatar N, Ullmann R, Mundlos S, Lehmann K. A microduplication of the long range SHH limb regulator (ZRS) is associated with triphalangeal thumb-polysyndactyly syndrome. J Med Genet 2008; 45:370-5. [PMID: 18178630 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.055699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonic hedgehog (SHH) plays an important role in defining the anterior-posterior axis in the developing limbs. A highly conserved non-coding sequence about approximately 1 Mb upstream from the sonic hedgehog gene (SHH) was shown to be a long range regulator for SHH expression in the limb bud. Point mutations within this non-coding regulatory region designated ZRS lead to ectopic expression of Shh in the anterior margin of the limb bud, as shown in mice, and cause the human triphalangeal thumb and polysyndactyly (TPT-PS) phenotype. Even though this association is well established, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated a large pedigree with variable TPT-PS. A single nucleotide exchange within the SHH limb regulator sequence was excluded, but locus specific microsatellite marker analyses confirmed a linkage to this region. Subsequently, array comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) was carried out using a submegabase whole human genome tiling path bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array revealing a microduplication in 7q36.3 in affected individuals. A duplicated region of 588,819 bp comprising the ZRS was identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and direct sequencing. CONCLUSION A novel microduplication in 7q36.3 results in a similar TPT-PS phenotype as caused by single nucleotide alterations in the ZRS, the limb specific SHH regulatory element. Duplications can be added to the growing list of mechanisms that cause abnormalities of long range transcriptional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Klopocki
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Dahl E, Wiesmann F, Woenckhaus M, Stoehr R, Wild PJ, Veeck J, Knüchel R, Klopocki E, Sauter G, Simon R, Wieland WF, Walter B, Denzinger S, Hartmann A, Hammerschmied CG. Frequent loss of SFRP1 expression in multiple human solid tumours: association with aberrant promoter methylation in renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2007; 26:5680-91. [PMID: 17353908 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic wingless-related mouse mammary tumour virus (Wnt) signalling, caused by epigenetic inactivation of specific pathway regulators like the putative tumour suppressor secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), may be causally involved in the carcinogenesis of many human solid tumours including breast, colon and kidney cancer. To evaluate the incidence of SFRP1 deficiency in human tumours, we performed a large-scale SFRP1 expression analysis using immunohistochemistry on a comprehensive tissue microarray (TMA) comprising 3448 tumours from 36 organs. This TMA contained 132 different tumour subtypes as well as 26 different normal tissues. Although tumour precursor stages of, for example kidney, colon, endometrium or adrenal gland still exhibited moderate to abundant SFRP1 expression, this expression was frequently lost in the corresponding genuine tumours. We defined nine novel tumour entities with apparent loss of SFRP1 expression, i.e., cancers of the kidney, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, parathyroid, adrenal gland, gall bladder, endometrium and testis. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) exhibited the highest frequency of SFRP1 loss (89% on mRNA level; 75% on protein level) and was selected for further analysis to investigate the cause of SFRP1 loss in human tumours. We performed expression, mutation and methylation analysis in RCC and their matching normal kidney tissues. SFRP1 promoter methylation was frequently found in RCC (68%, n=38) and was correlated with loss of SFRP1 mRNA expression (p<0.05). Although loss of heterozygosity was found in 16% of RCC, structural mutations in the coding or promoter region of the SFRP1 gene were not observed. Our results indicate that loss of SFRP1 expression is a very common event in human cancer, arguing for a fundamental role of aberrant Wnt signalling in the development of solid tumours. In RCC, promoter hypermethylation seems to be the predominant mechanism of SFRP1 gene silencing and may contribute to initiation and progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dahl
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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13
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Raile K, Deiss D, Klopocki E, Horn D, Maringa M, Weber J, Grüters A. Neuer Phänotyp bei Patienten mit heterozygotem Verlust des TCF2 (HNF1β) Gens: Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)-5, Nierendysplasie und Genitale Fehlbíldungen, aber auch schwere Wachstumsretardierung und Gallengangshypoplasie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Müller D, Klopocki E, Neumann LM, Mundlos S, Taupitz M, Schulze I, Ropers HH, Querfeld U, Ullmann R. A complex phenotype with cystic renal disease. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1656-60. [PMID: 16912708 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Müller
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Veeck J, Niederacher D, An H, Klopocki E, Wiesmann F, Betz B, Galm O, Camara O, Dürst M, Kristiansen G, Huszka C, Knüchel R, Dahl E. Aberrant methylation of the Wnt antagonist SFRP1 in breast cancer is associated with unfavourable prognosis. Oncogene 2006; 25:3479-88. [PMID: 16449975 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signalling pathway plays a key role during embryogenesis and defects in this pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various types of tumours, including breast cancer. The gene for secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) encodes a soluble Wnt antagonist and is located in a chromosomal region (8p22-p12) that is often deleted in breast cancer. In colon, lung, bladder and ovarian cancer SFRP1 expression is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation. We have previously shown that loss of SFRP1 protein expression is a common event in breast tumours that is associated with poor overall survival in patients with early breast cancer. To investigate the cause of SFRP1 loss in breast cancer, we performed mutation, methylation and expression analysis in human primary breast tumours and breast cell lines. No SFRP1 gene mutations were detected. However, promoter methylation of SFRP1 was frequently observed in both primary breast cancer (61%, n=130) and cell lines analysed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). We found a tight correlation (P<0.001) between methylation and loss of SFRP1 expression in primary breast cancer tissue. SFRP1 expression was restored after treatment of tumour cell lines with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Most interestingly, SFRP1 promoter methylation was an independent factor for adverse patient survival in Kaplan-Meier analysis. Our results indicate that promoter hypermethylation is the predominant mechanism of SFRP1 gene silencing in human breast cancer and that SFRP1 gene inactivation in breast cancer is associated with unfavourable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Veeck
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Dahl E, Veeck J, An H, Wiesmann F, Klopocki E, Sauter G, Kristiansen G, Hartmann A, Knüchel R. [Epigenetic inactivation of the WNT antagonist SFRP1 in breast cancer]. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 2005; 89:169-177. [PMID: 18035687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signalling pathway plays a central role during embryonic development of multi-cellular organisms, especially for the temporal and spatial specification of organs (e.g. WNT4 in kidney development), a process called pattern formation. Interestingly, genes of the WNT pathway are deregulated in a variety of solid tumours, being considerably up- or down-regulated compared to their expression in the corresponding normal tissue. Some members like WNT1 have demonstrated oncogenic properties in animal models. The SFRP1 gene on chromosome 8 p12 is a negative regulator of the WNT pathway. SFRP1 protein is supposed to bind WNT1 molecules thereby inhibiting the activation of frizzled receptors and the WNT pathway. Characterising an SFRP1-specific antibody we could show that loss of SFRP1 is an extremely common event in breast cancer, i.e. SFRP1 was considerably down-regulated in 73% (n = 1967) of analysed invasive breast cancers. SFRP1 loss is associated with unfavourable prognosis in early breast cancer (pT1 tumours). To analyse the cause of SFRP1 inactivation in breast cancer we performed a parallel expression and promoter methylation analysis in human breast cancer and tumour cell lines. RT-PCR techniques and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) were applied. All tumorigenic cell lines analysed exhibited complete promoter methylation and did not express detectable amounts of SFRP1 mRNA. SFRP1 expression could be restored in these cell lines after treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a demethylating agent. Human primary breast cancer was methylated in nearly 75% of cases. Our results indicate that epigenetic inactivation by methylation is the predominant mechanism of SFRP1 gene silencing in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dahl
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen
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