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Tsoi H, Man EPS, Lok J, Cheng CN, Wong LS, Chan SY, Leung MH, Chan WL, Khoo US. Targeting androgen receptor in BQ323636.1 overexpressing oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer to overcome aromatase inhibitor resistance: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29 Suppl 1:12-13. [PMID: 36919211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Tsoi
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - E P S Man
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Lok
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C N Cheng
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L S Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Y Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M H Leung
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - U S Khoo
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Kongsema M, Zona S, Karunarathna U, Cabrera E, Man EPS, Yao S, Shibakawa A, Khoo US, Medema RH, Freire R, Lam EWF. RNF168 cooperates with RNF8 to mediate FOXM1 ubiquitination and degradation in breast cancer epirubicin treatment. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e252. [PMID: 27526106 PMCID: PMC5007831 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor has a central role in genotoxic agent response in breast cancer. FOXM1 is regulated at the post-translational level upon DNA damage, but the key mechanism involved remained enigmatic. RNF168 is a ubiquitination E3-ligase involved in DNA damage response. Western blot and gene promoter-reporter analyses showed that the expression level and transcriptional activity of FOXM1 reduced upon RNF168 overexpression and increased with RNF168 depletion by siRNA, suggesting that RNF168 negatively regulates FOXM1 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation studies in MCF-7 cells revealed that RNF168 interacted with FOXM1 and that upon epirubicin treatment FOXM1 downregulation was associated with an increase in RNF168 binding and conjugation to the protein degradation-associated K48-linked polyubiquitin chains. Consistently, RNF168 overexpression resulted in an increase in turnover of FOXM1 in MCF-7 cells treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Conversely, RNF168, knockdown significantly enhanced the half-life of FOXM1 in both absence and presence of epirubicin. Using a SUMOylation-defective FOXM1-5x(K>R) mutant, we demonstrated that SUMOylation is required for the recruitment of RNF168 to mediate FOXM1 degradation. In addition, clonogenic assays also showed that RNF168 mediates epirubicin action through targeting FOXM1, as RNF168 could synergise with epirubicin to repress clonal formation in wild-type but not in FOXM1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). The physiological relevance of RNF168-mediated FOXM1 repression is further emphasized by the significant inverse correlation between FOXM1 and RNF168 expression in breast cancer patient samples. Moreover, we also obtained evidence that RNF8 recruits RNF168 to FOXM1 upon epirubicin treatment and cooperates with RNF168 to catalyse FOXM1 ubiquitination and degradation. Collectively, these data suggest that RNF168 cooperates with RNF8 to mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of SUMOylated FOXM1 in breast cancer genotoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kongsema
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - U Karunarathna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Cabrera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E P S Man
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Yao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Shibakawa
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - U-S Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Khongkow P, Gomes AR, Gong C, Man EPS, Tsang JWH, Zhao F, Monteiro LJ, Coombes RC, Medema RH, Khoo US, Lam EWF. Paclitaxel targets FOXM1 to regulate KIF20A in mitotic catastrophe and breast cancer paclitaxel resistance. Oncogene 2016; 35:990-1002. [PMID: 25961928 PMCID: PMC4538879 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FOXM1 has been implicated in taxane resistance, but the molecular mechanism involved remains elusive. In here, we show that FOXM1 depletion can sensitize breast cancer cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts into entering paclitaxel-induced senescence, with the loss of clonogenic ability, and the induction of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and flat cell morphology. We also demonstrate that FOXM1 regulates the expression of the microtubulin-associated kinesin KIF20A at the transcriptional level directly through a Forkhead response element (FHRE) in its promoter. Similar to FOXM1, KIF20A expression is downregulated by paclitaxel in the sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells and deregulated in the paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7Tax(R) cells. KIF20A depletion also renders MCF-7 and MCF-7Tax(R) cells more sensitive to paclitaxel-induced cellular senescence. Crucially, resembling paclitaxel treatment, silencing of FOXM1 and KIF20A similarly promotes abnormal mitotic spindle morphology and chromosome alignment, which have been shown to induce mitotic catastrophe-dependent senescence. The physiological relevance of the regulation of KIF20A by FOXM1 is further highlighted by the strong and significant correlations between FOXM1 and KIF20A expression in breast cancer patient samples. Statistical analysis reveals that both FOXM1 and KIF20A protein and mRNA expression significantly associates with poor survival, consistent with a role of FOXM1 and KIF20A in paclitaxel action and resistance. Collectively, our findings suggest that paclitaxel targets the FOXM1-KIF20A axis to drive abnormal mitotic spindle formation and mitotic catastrophe and that deregulated FOXM1 and KIF20A expression may confer paclitaxel resistance. These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance and have implications for the development of predictive biomarkers and novel chemotherapeutic strategies for paclitaxel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khongkow
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - A R Gomes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - C Gong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - E P S Man
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J W-H Tsang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - F Zhao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L J Monteiro
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - R C Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - R H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U S Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - E W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Nestal de Moraes G, Khongkow P, Gong C, Yao S, Gomes AR, Ji Z, Kandola N, Delbue D, Man EPS, Khoo US, Sharrocks AD, Lam EWF. Forkhead box K2 modulates epirubicin and paclitaxel sensitivity through FOXO3a in breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e167. [PMID: 26344694 PMCID: PMC4767938 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead transcription factor FOXK2 has recently been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival, but a role in cancer chemotherapeutic drug resistance has hitherto not been explored. Here we demonstrate that FOXK2 has a central role in mediating the cytotoxic drug response in breast cancer. Clonogenic and cell viability assays showed that enhanced FOXK2 expression sensitizes MCF-7 breast cancer cells to paclitaxel or epirubicin treatment, whereas FOXK2 depletion by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) confers drug resistance. Our data also showed that the activation of the tumour suppressor FOXO3a by paclitaxel and epirubicin is mediated through the induction of FOXK2, as depletion of FOXK2 by siRNA limits the induction of FOXO3a by these drugs in MCF-7 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed that in response to drug treatment, FOXK2 accumulates and binds to the proximal FOXO3a promoter region in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, we also uncovered that FOXK2 is deregulated and, therefore, can express at high levels in the nucleus of both the paclitaxel and epirubicin drug-resistant MCF-7 cells. Our results showed that ectopically overexpressed FOXK2 accumulates in the nuclei of drug-resistant MCF-7 cells but failed to be recruited to target genes, including FOXO3a. Crucially, we found that FOXO3a is required for the anti-proliferative and epirubicin-induced cytotoxic function of FOXK2 in MCF-7 cells by sulphorhodamine and clonogenic assays. The physiological importance of the regulation of FOXO3a by FOXK2 is further confirmed by the significant correlations between FOXO3a and FOXK2 expression in breast carcinoma patient samples. Further survival analysis also reveals that high nuclear FOXK2 expression significantly associates with poorer clinical outcome, particularly in patients who have received conventional chemotherapy, consistent with our finding that FOXK2 is deregulated in drug-resistant cells. In summary, our results suggest that paclitaxel and epirubicin target the FOXK2 to modulate their cytotoxicity and deregulated FOXK2 confers drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nestal de Moraes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK.,Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Khongkow
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - C Gong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Yao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - A R Gomes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - Z Ji
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N Kandola
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - D Delbue
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK.,Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E P S Man
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - U S Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A D Sharrocks
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
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Cheng YY, Yu J, Wong YP, Man EPS, To KF, Jin VX, Li J, Tao Q, Sung JJY, Chan FKL, Leung WK. Frequent epigenetic inactivation of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) by promoter methylation in human gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:895-901. [PMID: 17848950 PMCID: PMC2360406 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) genes in gastric cancer remains largely unknown. We determined the frequency and functional significance of SFRPs hypermethylation in human gastric cancer. The expression and methylation status of four SFRP members (SFRP1, 2, 4, and 5) in primary gastric cancer samples was screened. The biological effects of SFRP were analysed by flow cytometry, cell viability assay and in vivo tumour growth in nude mice. Among the four SFRPs, only SFRP2 was significantly downregulated in gastric cancer as compared to adjacent non-cancer samples (P<0.01). Promoter hypermethylation of SFRP2 was detected in 73.3% primary gastric cancer tissues, 37.5% of samples showing intestinal metaplasia and 20% adjacent normal gastric tissues. Bisulphite DNA sequencing confirmed the densely methylated SFRP2 promoter region. Demethylation treatment restored the expression of SFRP2 in gastric cancer cell lines. Forced expression of SFRP2 induced cell apoptosis, inhibited proliferation of gastric cancer cells and suppressed tumour growth in vivo. Moreover, methylated SFRP2 was detected in 66.7% of serum samples from cancer patients but not in normal controls. In conclusion, epigenetic inactivation of SFRP2 is a common and early event contributing to gastric carcinogenesis and may be a potential biomarker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y P Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - E P S Man
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K F To
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - V X Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Genome Center, University of California-Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Q Tao
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - F K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - W K Leung
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. E-mail:
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