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Kang D, Koh S, Kim T, Bressel E, Kim D. Circuit Training Improves the Levels of β-Amyloid and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Related to Cognitive Impairment Risk Factors in Obese Elderly Korean Women. J Clin Med 2024; 13:799. [PMID: 38337492 PMCID: PMC10856235 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circuit training on β-amyloid, BDNF, and cognitive function in untrained obese elderly Korean women. Methods: The subjects for the study were aged 65-70 years and were each assigned to a circuit training group (EG, n = 12) or a control group (CG, n = 11). The 60 min combined exercise was performed 3 times per week for 16 weeks. The exercise intensity was progressively increased from a 40% heart rate reserve to a 70% heart rate reserve. The test data were analyzed using a paired t-test, an independent t-test, and a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and an alpha level of 0.05 was set for all tests of significance. Results: Group-by-time interaction effects were observed for β-amyloid (p < 0.05), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p < 0.01), and cognitive function (p < 0.05). Within the exercise group, significant differences were found in β-amyloid (p < 0.05), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p < 0.001), and cognitive function (p < 0.05) when comparing across different time points. Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between groups in post-exercise β-amyloid (p < 0.05), change in β-amyloid (p < 0.05), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p < 0.01), and cognitive function (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested that the circuit training used in this study could be an effective exercise method for improving the risk factors of cognitive impairment in obese elderly Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duwang Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhan Koh
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyu Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Weeks C, Thompson BJ, Spencer SB, Fisher C, Althouse D, Louder TJ, Bressel E. Effects of Multi-joint Eccentric Training on Muscle Function When Combined With Aquatic Plyometric Training: A Minimal Dose, Mixed Training Study. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2023; 23:386-396. [PMID: 38037357 PMCID: PMC10696369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a combined eccentric overload and aquatic-based plyometric training program on muscle function/performance measures and soreness versus an eccentric-only training protocol using a minimal dose training paradigm. METHODS Twenty-five participants were randomized into either an eccentric-only training group (ECC) or a combined eccentric and aquatic plyometric group (ECC + AQP). The ECC group performed eccentric training once per week for 6-weeks while the ECC + AQP group performed the same eccentric training but with an additional aquatic plyometric training session. RESULTS There was no group × trial interactions for any of the variables. However, the training elicited large improvements in eccentric strength in both ECC (27%; ES = 1.33) and ECC+AQP (17%; ES = .86) groups. Isometric strength improved moderately for ECC and ECC+AQP groups (17.2%, ES = .53;9%, ES = .45). A moderate increase was observed for depth jump height for both ECC and ECC+AQP groups (13.1%, ES = .48;8.8%, ES = .36). No changes were observed for countermovement jump or sprint time and muscle soreness did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Minimal dose multi-joint eccentric overload training improved strength and depth jump outcomes after 6-weeks regardless of the training condition but adding a minimal dose aquatic plyometric protocol does not improve muscle function-based outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Weeks
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Brennan J. Thompson
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Steven B. Spencer
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Cody Fisher
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Dianne Althouse
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Talin J. Louder
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, USA
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Louder T, Thompson BJ, Woster A, Bressel E. Kinetics of Depth Jumps Performed by Female and Male National Collegiate Athletics Association Basketball Athletes and Young Adults. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:108. [PMID: 37606403 PMCID: PMC10443298 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The depth jump (DJ) is commonly used to evaluate athletic ability, and has further application in rehabilitation and injury prevention. There is limited research exploring sex-based differences in DJ ground reaction force (GRF) measures. This study aimed to evaluate for sex-based differences in DJ GRF measures and determine sample size thresholds for binary classification of sex. Forty-seven participants from mixed-sex samples of NCAA athletes and young adults performed DJs from various drop heights. Force platform dynamometry and 2-dimensional videography were used to estimate GRF measures. Three-way mixed analysis of variance was used to evaluate main effects and interactions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the combined sensitivity and specificity of dependent measures to sex. Results revealed that reactive strength index scores and rebound jump heights were greater in males than females (p < 0.001). Additionally, young adult females showed greater peak force reduction than young adult males (p = 0.002). ROC curve analysis revealed mixed results that appeared to be influenced by population characteristics and drop height. In conclusion, sex-based differences in DJ performance were observed, and the results of this study provide direction for future DJ investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talin Louder
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (B.J.T.); (E.B.)
- Dennis G. Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Brennan J. Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (B.J.T.); (E.B.)
- Dennis G. Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Alex Woster
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (B.J.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (B.J.T.); (E.B.)
- Dennis G. Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Xu J, Thompson BJ, Spencer SB, Studenka BE, Bressel E. Effects of Flywheel Resistance Training on Muscle Function and Sport-Specific Performance in Collegiate Club Water Polo Players. Res Q Exerc Sport 2023; 94:98-109. [PMID: 35294316 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1942417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the effects of flywheel squat training on lower body muscle function adaptations and sport-specific performance in collegiate club water polo players. Methods: Thirteen collegiate club water polo athletes (5 women, 8 men) performed flywheel squat training for 4 weeks. Isokinetic knee extension (KE) peak power (PP) and peak torque (PT), flywheel squat peak power (FPP) and mean power (FMP), countermovement jump (CMJ), in-water jump height (WJH) and foot speed were assessed at baseline (Pre1), 4 weeks (Pre2), and 8 weeks (Post) with the first 4 week block being a control period and the second 4 week block being the experimental training. Throughout the training period muscle soreness was assessed using a VAS scale, and FPP and FMP were assessed during every other session. Results: Isokinetic KE PP and PT increased from Pre1 to Post, and FPP and FMP increased between Pre1 and Post, and Pre2 and Post. CMJ and foot speed were unchanged. WJH displayed a change between Pre1 and Post. FPP increased 19% from session 2 to 4 and FMP increased 27% from session 2 to 6, and each remained elevated through session 8. Conclusion: 4 weeks of flywheel squat training in collegiate club water polo players elicited large gains (47-52%) in flywheel-specific squat power, but did not influence sport-specific performance measures including CMJ, WJH, and foot speed. Water-based exercises and stretch-shortening cycle movements (plyometrics) in combination with effective resistance training programs, which may include flywheel-based training, are likely needed for marked sport skill improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Xu
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University
| | | | - Steven B Spencer
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University
| | | | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University
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Kung S, Vakula MN, Kim Y, England DL, Bergeson J, Bressel E, Lefevre M, Ward R. No effect of a dairy-based, high flavonoid pre-workout beverage on exercise-induced intestinal injury, permeability, and inflammation in recreational cyclists: A randomized controlled crossover trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277453. [PMID: 36445874 PMCID: PMC9707743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Submaximal endurance exercise has been shown to cause elevated gastrointestinal permeability, injury, and inflammation, which may negatively impact athletic performance and recovery. Preclinical and some clinical studies suggest that flavonoids, a class of plant secondary metabolites, may regulate intestinal permeability and reduce chronic low-grade inflammation. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of supplemental flavonoid intake on intestinal health and cycling performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted with 12 cyclists (8 males and 4 females). Subjects consumed a dairy milk-based, high or low flavonoid (490 or 5 mg) pre-workout beverage daily for 15 days. At the end of each intervention, a submaximal cycling trial (45 min, 70% VO2max) was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting (23°C), followed by a 15-minute maximal effort time trial during which total work and distance were determined. Plasma samples were collected pre- and post-exercise (0h, 1h, and 4h post-exercise). The primary outcome was intestinal injury, assessed by within-subject comparison of plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein. Prior to study start, this trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03427879). RESULTS A significant time effect was observed for intestinal fatty acid binding protein and circulating cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α). No differences were observed between the low and high flavonoid treatment for intestinal permeability or injury. The flavonoid treatment tended to increase cycling work output (p = 0.051), though no differences were observed for cadence or total distance. DISCUSSION Sub-chronic supplementation with blueberry, cocoa, and green tea in a dairy-based pre-workout beverage did not alleviate exercise-induced intestinal injury during submaximal cycling, as compared to the control beverage (dairy-milk based with low flavonoid content).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kung
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michael N. Vakula
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Youngwook Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Derek L. England
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Janet Bergeson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michael Lefevre
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Robert Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mercer M, Louder T, Bressel E, Thompson B. Improving The Specificity Of Vertical Stiffness Measurement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000883004.11296.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kim Y, Vakula MN, Bolton DAE, Bressel E. Comparing Exercise Interventions On Reactive Balance In Older Adults: A Systematic Review And Network Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000881772.59276.d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kim Y, Rech N, Louder T, Bressel E. Relationship between Intramuscular and Skin Temperature and Anthropometric Consideration for Post-exercise Cryotherapy: Developing Prediction Models for Clinical Use. Asian J Kinesiol 2022. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships among intramuscular cooling rates during (IM cooling rate) and after cold water immersion (CWI) (Post-IM cooling rate), skin tissue cooling rate during CWI (skin cooling rate), and anthropometric characteristics, and develop prediction models to assist clinical decision making.METHODS After a 30-min cycling trial, 16 young healthy adults received a CWI treatment (10 °C) until either intramuscular thigh temperature (2 cm sub-adipose) of the rectus femoris decreased 7 °C below preexercise level or 30 minutes was reached. Temperatures were recorded using skin and implantable finewire thermocouples. Before the cycling trial, %BF, anterior thigh adipose tissue thickness, muscle thickness, total thigh volume, and thigh circumference were measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine significant predictors of IM and Post-IM cooling rates (cooling rate: the amount of temperature reduction per minute). All predictors, including skin cooling rate, %BF, adipose tissue thickness, muscle thickness, total thigh volume, and thigh circumference, were included in multiple linear regression models to figure out factors that best predict the IM and Post-IM cooling rates.RESULTS Correlation analysis demonstrated significant correlations between IM cooling rate and skin cooling rate (r=.85), %BF (r=-.79), and adipose tissue thickness (r=-.79), and between Post-IM cooling rate and thigh circumference (r=-.68), adipose tissue thickness (r=-.58), total thigh volume (r=-.56), and %BF (r=-.53). Regression models identified skin cooling rate and %BF to have the greatest predictability for IM cooling rate (R2 =.82) and muscle thickness and thigh circumference to have the greatest predictability for the Post-IM cooling rate (R2 =.68).CONCLUSIONS This study provides justification for the use of skin cooling rates during CWI and %BF to estimate IM cooling rate and muscle thickness and thigh circumference to estimate Post-IM cooling rate. These findings will help practitioners to determine the duration of CWI treatment after exercise.
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Kim Y, Vakula MN, Bolton DAE, Dakin CJ, Thompson BJ, Slocum TA, Teramoto M, Bressel E. Which Exercise Interventions Can Most Effectively Improve Reactive Balance in Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:764826. [PMID: 35115917 PMCID: PMC8804322 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.764826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundReactive balance is the last line of defense to prevent a fall when the body loses stability, and beneficial effects of various exercise-based interventions on reactive balance in older adults have been reported. However, their pooled evidence on the relative effects has yet to be described.ObjectiveTo review and evaluate the comparative effectiveness of various exercise-based interventions on reactive balance in older adults.MethodsNine electronic databases and reference lists were searched from inception to August 2021. Eligibility criteria according to PICOS criteria were as follows: (1) population: older adults with the mean age of 65 years or above; (2) intervention and comparison: at least two distinct exercise interventions or one exercise intervention with a no-exercise controlled intervention (NE) compared in each trial; (3) outcome: at least one measure of reactive balance; (4) study: randomized controlled trial. The main network meta-analysis was performed on data from the entire older adult population, involving all clinical conditions as well as healthy older adults. Subgroup analyses stratified by characteristics of participants (healthy only) and reactive balance outcomes (simulated slip or trip while walking, simulated forward falls, being pushed or pulled, and movable platform) were also conducted.ResultsThirty-nine RCTs (n = 1388) investigating 17 different types of exercise interventions were included in the network meta-analysis. Reactive balance training as a single intervention presented the highest probability (surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) score) of being the best intervention for improving reactive balance and the greatest relative effects vs. NE in the entire sample involving all clinical conditions [SUCRA = 0.9; mean difference (95% Credible Interval): 2.7 (1.0 to 4.3)]. The results were not affected by characteristics of participants (i.e., healthy older adults only) or reactive balance outcomes.Summary/ConclusionThe findings from the NMA suggest that a task-specific reactive balance exercise could be the optimal intervention for improving reactive balance in older adults, and power training can be considered as a secondary training exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwook Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Youngwook Kim
| | - Michael N. Vakula
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - David A. E. Bolton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Christopher J. Dakin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Brennan J. Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Timothy A. Slocum
- Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Masaru Teramoto
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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Louder T, Thompson BJ, Bressel E. Association and Agreement between Reactive Strength Index and Reactive Strength Index-Modified Scores. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9070097. [PMID: 34357931 PMCID: PMC8309746 DOI: 10.3390/sports9070097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the reactive strength index (RSI) and reactive strength index-modified (RSI-mod) share similar nomenclature, they are commonly referred as interchangeable measures of agility in the sports research literature. The RSI and RSI-mod are most commonly derived from the performance of depth jumping (DJ) and countermovement jumping (CMJ), respectively. Given that DJ and CMJ are plyometric movements that differ materially from biomechanical and neuromotor perspectives, it is likely that the RSI and RSI-mod measure distinct aspects of neuromuscular function. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the association and agreement between RSI and RSI-mod scores. A mixed-sex sample of NCAA division I basketball athletes (n = 21) and active young adults (n = 26) performed three trials of DJ from drop heights of 0.51, 0.66, and 0.81 m and three trials of countermovement jumping. Using 2-dimensional videography and force platform dynamometry, RSI and RSI-mod scores were estimated from DJ and CMJ trials, respectively. Linear regression revealed moderate associations between RSI and RSI-mod scores (F = 11.0–38.1; R2 = 0.20–0.47; p < 0.001–0.001). Bland–Altman plots revealed significant measurement bias (0.50–0.57) between RSI and RSI-mod scores. Bland–Altman limit of agreement intervals (1.27–1.51) were greater than the mean values for RSI (0.97–1.05) and RSI-mod (0.42) scores, suggesting poor agreement. Moreover, there were significant performance-dependent effects on measurement bias, wherein the difference between and the mean of RSI and RSI-mod scores were positively associated (F = 77.2–108.4; R2 = 0.63–0.71; p < 0.001). The results are evidence that the RSI and RSI-mod cannot be regarded as interchangeable measures of reactive strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talin Louder
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (B.J.T.); (E.B.)
- Dennis G. Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Brennan J. Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (B.J.T.); (E.B.)
- Dennis G. Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (B.J.T.); (E.B.)
- Dennis G. Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Rech N, Bressel E, Louder T. Predictive Ability of Body Fat Percentage and Thigh Anthropometrics on Tissue Cooling During Cold-Water Immersion. J Athl Train 2021; 56:548-554. [PMID: 33150428 DOI: 10.4085/40-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cold-water immersion (CWI) is a common aid in exercise recovery. The effectiveness of CWI depends on the magnitude of muscle and core cooling. Individual cooling responses to CWI vary and are likely influenced by the CWI dose and individual physiological characteristics. OBJECTIVE To evaluate body fat percentage and thigh anthropometric values as predictors of intramuscular and skin-cooling responses to CWI. DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING Sports medicine research center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Sixteen young adults (8 males, 8 females, age = 24.3 ± 1.84 years, height = 176.4 ± 12.7 cm, mass = 86.6 ± 29.4 kg). INTERVENTION(S) Body fat percentage was measured using a 3-site skinfold assessment. Thigh length, thigh circumference, anterior thigh adipose thickness, anterior thigh muscle thickness, and thigh volume were estimated using manual and ultrasound methods. Using sterile techniques, we placed thermocouple probes in the belly of the rectus femoris (2-cm deep to the subadipose tissue) and on the anterior midthigh surface. Participants cycled on an ergometer for 30 minutes at a target heart rate of 130 to 150 beats/min. Postexercise, participants were placed in CWI (immersion depth to the iliac crest; 10°C) until intramuscular temperature was 7°C below pre-exercise baseline temperature, with a maximum immersion duration of 30 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Intramuscular rectus femoris and thigh skin temperatures measured postexercise, after 10 and 15 minutes of CWI, and post-CWI. RESULTS Body fat percentage significantly predicted the rectus femoris cooling magnitude and rate after 10 minutes of CWI, 15 minutes of CWI, and post-CWI (P < .001; R2 range = 0.58-0.67). Thigh anthropometric values significantly predicted the thigh skin-cooling rate post-CWI (P = .049; R2 = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS A simple 3-site skinfold assessment may improve the effective prescription of CWI by allowing estimation of the dose required for minimal muscle tissue cooling.
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Kim Y, Vakula MN, Waller B, Bressel E. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effect of aquatic and land exercise on dynamic balance in older adults. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:302. [PMID: 32842967 PMCID: PMC7446104 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance impairments are the leading causes of falls in older adults. Aquatic-based exercises have been broadly practiced as an alternative to land-based exercises; however, the effects on dynamic balance have not been comprehensively reviewed and compared to land exercises. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of aquatic exercises (AE) to land exercises (LE) on dynamic balance in older adults. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, psycINFO), from inception to November 2019, were searched. Studies met the following eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials, English language, older adults aged 65 years or older, a minimum of one AE and LE group, at least one assessment for dynamic balance. For the meta-analysis, the effect sizes of dynamic balance outcomes were calculated using a standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 11 trials met the inclusion criteria, and 10 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis presented that older adults in AE groups demonstrated comparable enhancements in dynamic steady-state balance (SMD = - 0.24; 95% CI, -.81 to .34), proactive balance (SMD = - 0.21; 95% CI, -.59 to .17), and balance test batteries (SMD = - 0.24; 95% CI, -.50 to .03) compared with those in LE groups. CONCLUSIONS AE and LE have comparable impacts on dynamic balance in older adults aged 65 years or older. Thus, this review provides evidence that AE can be utilized as a reasonable alternative to LE to improve dynamic balance and possibly reduce the risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwook Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-7000 USA
| | - Michael N. Vakula
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-7000 USA
| | - Benjamin Waller
- Department of Sport Science, Reykjavík University, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-7000 USA
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Kim Y, Vakula MN, Bressel E. Effectiveness Of Aquatic Exercise On Dynamic Balance In Older Adults: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000671660.07322.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Ha SM, Bressel E, Kim JS, Koh SH, Kim JW, Kim DY. Effects Of Progressive Combined Exercise Program On Irisin, C-peptide And Homa Index In Obese Elderly Women With Type 2 Diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000671552.35756.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Ki MJ, Kim DY, Ha SM, Kim JS, Bressel E, Kim JW. Effect Of Combined Exercise On Lung Function, Blood Vitamin D, Calcium And Bone Metabolism Hormones In Elderly Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000681248.22186.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Crane JS, Thompson BJ, Harrell DC, Bressel E, Heath EM. Comparison of High Versus Low Eccentric-Based Resistance Training Frequencies on Short-Term Muscle Function Adaptations. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:332-339. [PMID: 31996614 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Crane, JS, Thompson, BJ, Harrell, DC, Bressel, E, and Heath, EM. Comparison of high versus low eccentric-based resistance training frequencies on short-term muscle function adaptations. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Eccentric resistance training is beneficial for improving a number of performance and health metrics. However, the recommendations on eccentric training frequency have not been established. This study investigates the effects of volume-matched resistance training frequency comparing 1 vs. 3 training days per week of isokinetic multiple-joint eccentric training on strength and lower-body function adaptations during a 4-week training period. Thirty subjects were assigned to either 3 days per week (high-frequency [HF]) or 1 day per week (low-frequency [LF]) training conditions for 4 weeks. An eccentric dynamometer was used for the training and testing. Eccentric strength and vertical jump (VJ) measures were taken at Pre, Mid (2 weeks), and Post (4 weeks) intervention. Soreness (visual analog scale [VAS]) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were taken throughout the training period. There was no group × trial interaction for eccentric strength (p = 0.06) or VJ (p = 0.87). For eccentric strength, all trials were significantly different (p < 0.001) from each other. For VJ, there was a main effect for trial such that VJ increased from Pre to Post (p < 0.001) and Mid to Post (p < 0.01). High frequency reported lower RPE (p < 0.01) and soreness (p = 0.04) compared with LF. Both HF and LF protocols elicited large (36.8 and 27.4% strength increases, respectively) and rapid neuromuscular adaptations for improved strength. Eccentric-based workload may be dispersed across a given period to allow for reduced soreness and perceived exertion levels without compromising neuromuscular adaptations. Some eccentric training transfer to functional (VJ) task may also be observed, independent of training frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Crane
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Brennan J Thompson
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - David C Harrell
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.,Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Edward M Heath
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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Louder TJ, Bressel E, Nardoni C, Dolny DG. Biomechanical Comparison of Loaded Countermovement Jumps Performed on Land and in Water. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:25-35. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Bressel E, Vakula MN, Kim Y, Bolton DAE, Dakin CJ. Comparison of motor skill learning, grip strength and memory recall on land and in chest-deep water. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202284. [PMID: 30106990 PMCID: PMC6091933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immersion in chest-deep water may augment explicit memory in healthy adults however, there is limited information on how this environment might affect implicit memory or motor learning. The purpose of this study was to compare the speed and accuracy for learning a motor skill on land and in chest-deep water. Verbal word recall and grip strength were included to gain a more complete understanding of the intervention. Sixty-two younger adults (age = 23.3 ± 3.59 yrs.) were randomly assigned to either a water group immersed to the xiphoid or a land group. Participants in both groups completed the same eight practice trials of a mirror-drawing task on two separate days. Outcome measures for this task included time and error numbers to complete each drawing. The number of words recalled using a 12 word recall test, and peak grip strength using a hand dynamometer were measured each day of testing. The influence of environment and repeated practice on each outcome measure were assessed with an analysis of variance and effect sizes (ES). Time and errors for both groups significantly decreased with practice (p < 0.01, ES = 0.11-0.28), however the drawing time was greater in water than on land for trials 1, 5, and 6 (ES = 0.50-0.55). There was a 7% increase in words recalled (9.24 ± 1.19 vs 8.60 ± 1.19) and a 16% increase in grip strength (405 ± 104 vs 342 ± 83) for water than land groups (ES 0.54-0.64). Healthy adults in chest-deep water and on land display comparable mirror-drawing speed and accuracy after minimal practice. Curiously, water immersion may augment verbal word recall and grip strength abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Sport Performance Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael N. Vakula
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Youngwook Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - David A. E. Bolton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Dakin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
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Gordon JP, Thompson BJ, Crane JS, Bressel E, Wagner DR. Effects of isokinetic eccentric versus traditional lower body resistance training on muscle function: examining a multiple-joint short-term training model. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:118-126. [PMID: 29990440 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Early adaptations in eccentric training show several advantages over those in concentric training. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of 4 weeks of multiple-joint eccentric versus traditional leg press (TLP) training on muscle strength, rate of torque development (RTD), and jump and sprint performance adaptations. Twenty-six resistance-trained adults performed either an eccentric or a TLP resistance-training program twice per week for 4 weeks. Single-joint isometric maximal and rapid strength (peak torque and RTD, respectively) and isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and flexors, multiple-joint eccentric strength, leg press strength (1-repetition maximum), 40-m sprint, and vertical and long jump were measured before, at the midpoint, and after a 4-week training period. Four weeks of isokinetic multiple-joint eccentric training elicited greater test-specific strength gains (effect size (ES) = 1.06) compared with TLP training (ES = 0.11). The eccentric group also yielded moderate improvements in the middle-late phase RTD (RTD100-200; ES = 0.51 and 0.54 for the knee flexors and extensors, respectively), whereas the TLP group showed small-moderate improvements (ES = 0.37). The majority of the single-joint strength variables showed negligible improvements. Performance tests showed no (broad jump) to small (vertical jump; sprint for the leg press) improvements. Multiple-joint eccentric training induced significant improvements in lower body strength in a short amount of time in a recreationally trained population. These accelerated adaptations along with the lower energy requirements of eccentric exercise, may be useful for clinicians or practitioners when prescribing training programs for those who are injured, sedentary, or elderly as a means to elicit time- and metabolically efficient muscle function improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Gordon
- a Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Brennan J Thompson
- a Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.,b Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Joshua S Crane
- a Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.,b Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Eadric Bressel
- a Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.,b Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Dale R Wagner
- a Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Bressel E, Louder TJ, Raikes AC, Alphonsa S, Kyvelidou A. Water Immersion Affects Episodic Memory and Postural Control in Healthy Older Adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2018; 42:E1-E6. [PMID: 29738406 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous research has reported that younger adults make fewer cognitive errors on an auditory vigilance task while in chest-deep water compared with on land. The purpose of this study was to extend this previous work to include older adults and to examine the effect of environment (water vs land) on linear and nonlinear measures of postural control under single- and dual-task conditions. METHODS Twenty-one older adult participants (age = 71.6 ± 8.34 years) performed a cognitive (auditory vigilance) and motor (standing balance) task separately and simultaneously on land and in chest-deep water. Listening errors (n = count) from the auditory vigilance test and sample entropy (SampEn), center of pressure area, and velocity for the balance test served as dependent measures. Environment (land vs water) and task (single vs dual) comparisons were made with a Wilcoxon matched-pair test. RESULTS Listening errors were 111% greater during land than during water environments (single-task = 4.0 ± 3.5 vs 1.9 ± 1.7; P = .03). Conversely, SampEn values were 100% greater during water than during land environments (single-task = 0.04 ± 0.01 vs 0.02 ± 0.01; P < .001). Center of pressure area and velocity followed a similar trend to SampEn with respect to environment differences, and none of the measures were different between single- and dual-task conditions (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study expand current support for the potential use of partial aquatic immersion as a viable method for challenging both cognitive and motor abilities in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eadric Bressel
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan.,Sport Performance Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Talin J Louder
- Biomechanics Laboratory, The University of South Dakota, Vermillion
| | - Adam C Raikes
- Social, Cognitive, Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Arizona, Tucson
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Banks N, Dolny D, Bressel E, Louder T. Effects And Interactions Of Ncaa Di Basketball Participation On Measures Of Reactive Strength. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536526.84245.7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Louder T, Banks N, Bressel E, Dolny D. Evaluating A Kinetic-based Assessment Of Reactive Strength. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536528.68998.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Thompson BJ, Cazier CS, Bressel E, Dolny DG. A lower extremity strength-based profile of NCAA Division I women’s basketball and gymnastics athletes: implications for knee joint injury risk assessment. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1749-1756. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1412245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J. Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Curtis S. Cazier
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Dennis G. Dolny
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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24
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Gaballah A, Zeyada M, Elgeidi A, Bressel E. Six-week physical rehabilitation protocol for anterior shoulder dislocation in athletes. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:353-358. [PMID: 28702449 PMCID: PMC5498094 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1734976.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior shoulder dislocations are common in young athletes. The mechanism for the first or primary shoulder dislocation may involve a collision or a fall typically with the arm in an abducted and externally rotated position. The aim of this study was to design a physical rehabilitation program using the elastic band and resistive exercise to improve joint strength and range of motion in individuals diagnosed with a first-time shoulder dislocation. Twelve physically active males with a first-time acute shoulder dislocation were asked to volunteer. Participants began a physical rehabilitation program 2 weeks after the shoulder dislocation, which was confirmed by a referring physician. The rehabilitation program was 6 weeks in duration and required the participants to engage in progressive resistive loads/duration using elastic bands and weights 5 days per week. Pretest and posttest measures included shoulder strength and range of motion. All outcome measures were compared between the injured and uninjured shoulder, which served as the control condition in this study. There were statistically significant differences between the injured and uninjured shoulder for measures of strength and range of motion during pretests (P<0.01) but not post-tests (P<0.53). Finally, there were no differences between shoulders in regards to the volume measure suggesting that any changes in muscle atrophy or swelling were not detected. The physical rehabilitation program proposed in this study was effective at improving strength and range of motion in the injured shoulder as evidenced by the similarity in posttest values between the injured and uninjured shoulder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gaballah
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.,Department of Sports Health Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Zeyada
- Department of Sports Health Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Adham Elgeidi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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25
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Louder T, Bressel E, Nardoni C, Gollofon K, Dolny D. Biomechanical Comparison of Loaded Countermovement Jumps on Land and in Water. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517920.99715.a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Gaballah A, Abdalaziz A, Elgeidi A, Shkrah N, Bressel E. Platelet-rich Plasma Injections For Accelerating Treatment Of Hamstring Tear Injuries. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519600.27644.0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Dolny D, Louder T, Bressel E. Biomechanical Comparison Of Countermovement Jumps On Land And In Water. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518998.39960.bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Cronin JB, Sharp AP, Stronach B, Deuchrass R, Bressel E, Shackel DF, McMaster DT. Strength and Conditioning for Throwing in Cricket. Strength Cond J 2016. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Bressel E, Louder TJ, Hoover JP, Roberts LC, Dolny DG. Acute and chronic effects of aquatic treadmill training on land treadmill running kinematics: A cross-over and single-subject design approach. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:2105-2113. [PMID: 27852157 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1256493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if selected kinematic measures (foot strike index [SI], knee contact angle and overstride angle) were different between aquatic treadmill (ATM) and land treadmill (LTM) running, and to determine if these measures were altered during LTM running as a result of 6 weeks of ATM training. Acute effects were tested using 15 competitive distance runners who completed 1 session of running on each treadmill type at 5 different running speeds. Subsequently, three recreational runners completed 6 weeks of ATM training following a single-subject baseline, intervention and withdrawal experiment. Kinematic measures were quantified from digitisation of video. Regardless of speed, SI values during ATM running (61.3 ± 17%) were significantly greater (P = 0.002) than LTM running (42.7 ± 23%). Training on the ATM did not change (pre/post) the SI (26 ± 3.2/27 ± 3.1), knee contact angle (165 ± 0.3/164 ± 0.8) or overstride angle (89 ± 0.4/89 ± 0.1) during LTM running. Although SI values were different between acute ATM and LTM running, 6 weeks of ATM training did not appear to alter LTM running kinematics as evidenced by no change in kinematic values from baseline to post intervention assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eadric Bressel
- a Biomechanics Laboratory , Utah State University , Logan , UT , USA.,b Sport Performance Research Institute , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand.,c John Worley Sports Medicine Research Center , Utah State University , Logan , UT , USA
| | - Talin J Louder
- a Biomechanics Laboratory , Utah State University , Logan , UT , USA
| | - James P Hoover
- a Biomechanics Laboratory , Utah State University , Logan , UT , USA
| | - Luke C Roberts
- a Biomechanics Laboratory , Utah State University , Logan , UT , USA
| | - Dennis G Dolny
- c John Worley Sports Medicine Research Center , Utah State University , Logan , UT , USA
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Searle C, Louder T, Dolny D, Bressel E. Jump Landings On Land And In Waist-Deep Water. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487475.35469.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Dolny D, Louder T, Roberts L, Hoover J, Clark N, Bressel E. Aquatic Treadmill Running Does Not Alter Select Land Treadmill Running Kinematics After Six-Weeks of Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000488241.40882.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bressel E, Louder T, Dolny D, Foster S. Effect Of Water Immersion On Dual Task Performance In Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487473.50716.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Patterson D, Louder T, Nardoni CR, Clark NIW, Bressel E, Dolny D. Comparison Of Propulsive Power During Loaded Countermovement Jumps Performed In Water Versus Land In Males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487825.07150.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Louder T, Clark N, Bressel E, Dolny D. The Relative Effect of an Aquatic Environment on Jumping Kinetics between Older and Younger Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487474.27845.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Plyometric jumping is a commonly prescribed method of training focused on the development of reactive strength and high-velocity concentric power. Literature suggests that aquatic plyometric training may be a low-impact, effective supplement to land-based training. The purpose of the present study was to quantify acute, biomechanical characteristics of the take-off and flight phase for plyometric movements performed in the water. Kinetic force platform data from 12 young, male adults were collected for counter-movement jumps performed on land and in water at two different immersion depths. The specificity of jumps between environmental conditions was assessed using kinetic measures, temporal characteristics, and an assessment of the statistical relationship between take-off velocity and time in the air. Greater peak mechanical power was observed for jumps performed in the water, and was influenced by immersion depth. Additionally, the data suggest that, in the water, the statistical relationship between take-off velocity and time in air is quadratic. Results highlight the potential application of aquatic plyometric training as a cross-training tool for improving mechanical power and suggest that water immersion depth and fluid drag play key roles in the specificity of the take-off phase for jumping movements performed in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talin J Louder
- a Biomechanics Laboratory, Health, Physical Education and Recreation Department , Utah State University , Logan , UT , USA
| | - Cade J Searle
- a Biomechanics Laboratory, Health, Physical Education and Recreation Department , Utah State University , Logan , UT , USA
| | - Eadric Bressel
- a Biomechanics Laboratory, Health, Physical Education and Recreation Department , Utah State University , Logan , UT , USA.,b Sport Performance Research Institute , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Quantifying how the environment (land vs water) influences age-related changes in postural sway is important for the development of new therapies that improve balance. The authors are not aware of any previous studies that have compared postural sway in an aquatic environment between age groups or when water depth and/or perturbations are incorporated into the comparison. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of water depth and jet intensity on postural sway in older and younger adults. METHODS Sixteen older (age = 62.8 ± 9.56 years) and 15 younger (age = 22.5 ± 1.85 years) adults participated. Participants stood quietly for 90 seconds on land and at various water depths and jet intensities while center of pressure (CoP) sway was recorded using a force platform. RESULTS Statistical comparisons revealed that CoP range and area measurements were different between land and aquatic conditions (P = .04 - .001). For example, CoP sway area in chest deep water (8.51 ± 2.97 cm) was greater than on land (2.41 ± 1.37 cm; effect size = 2.05). Furthermore, CoP sway area at the 60% jet intensity (71.4 ± 31.2 cm) was substantially greater than at the 20% jet intensity (12.4 ± 6.23 cm; effect size = 1.89). Surprisingly, the proportion of change across water depths and jet intensities was not consistent between older and younger groups as indicated by significant age by environment interactions (P = .03 - .001). Follow-up tests indicated that older adults swayed less than younger adults in water at the level of the hip (effect sizes = 0.42-0.94) and when water jets were applied at a 60% jet intensity (effect sizes = 0.63-1.97). CONCLUSIONS Water immersion to the chest with high jet intensities produces the greatest CoP sway in both groups. This is likely a result of buoyancy and perturbation intensity. Less sway in the older group may reflect a strategy that reduces degrees of freedom for this group when faced with these stability challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eadric Bressel
- 1John Worley Sports Medicine Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. 2Biomechanics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. 3Sport Performance Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Plyometric training is a popular method utilized by strength and conditioning professionals to improve aspects of functional strength. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of extrinsic verbal cueing on the specificity of jumping movements. Thirteen participants (age: 23.4 ± 1.9 yr, body height: 170.3 ± 15.1 cm, body mass: 70.3 ± 23.8 kg,) performed four types of jumps: a depth jump “as quickly as possible” (DJT), a depth jump “as high as possible” (DJH), a countermovement jump (CMJ), and a squat jump (SJ). Dependent measures, which included measurement of strength and power, were acquired using a force platform. From the results, differences in body-weight normalized peak force (BW) (DJH: 4.3, DJT: 5.6, CMJ: 2.5, SJ: 2.2), time in upward propulsion (s) (DJH: 0.34, DJT: 0.20, CMJ: 0.40, SJ: 0.51), and mean acceleration (m·s-2) (DJH: 26.7, DJT: 36.2, CMJ: 19.8, SJ: 17.3) were observed across all comparisons (p = 0.001 – 0.033). Differences in the body-weight normalized propulsive impulse (BW·s) (DJH: 0.55, DJT: 0.52, CMJ: 0.39, SJ: 0.39) and propulsive power (kW) (DJH: 13.7, DJT: 16.5, CMJ: 11.5, SJ: 12.1) were observed across all comparisons (p = 0.001 – 0.050) except between the CMJ and SJ (p = 0.128 – 0.929). The results highlight key kinetic differences influencing the specificity of plyometric movements and suggest that verbal cues may be used to emphasize the development of reactive strength (e.g. DJT) or high-velocity concentric power (e.g. DJH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Talin Louder
- Biomechanics Laboratory, HPER Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | | | - Eadric Bressel
- Biomechanics Laboratory, HPER Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT
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Louder T, Searle C, Bressel E. Aquatic Plyometric Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477391.48717.5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schaefer SY, Louder TJ, Foster S, Bressel E. Effect of Water Immersion on Dual-task Performance: Implications for Aquatic Therapy. Physiother Res Int 2015; 21:147-54. [DOI: 10.1002/pri.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Y. Schaefer
- Motor Rehabilitation and Learning Laboratory; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
| | - Talin J. Louder
- Biomechanics Laboratory; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
| | - Shayla Foster
- John Worley Sports Medicine Research Center; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Biomechanics Laboratory; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
- John Worley Sports Medicine Research Center; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
- Sport Performance Research Institute; Auckland University of Technology; Auckland New Zealand
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Miller AI, Heath EM, Dickinson JM, Bressel E. Relationship Between Muscle Fiber Type and Reactive Balance: A Preliminary Study. J Mot Behav 2015; 47:497-502. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2015.1015676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bressel E, Wing JE, Miller AI, Dolny DG. High-Intensity Interval Training on an Aquatic Treadmill in Adults With Osteoarthritis. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:2088-96. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Richardson J, Bressel E, Wagner D, Studenka B, Dolny D. Effect Of Step Rate On Foot Strike Pattern And Running Economy In Novice Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495665.26839.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Roper JA, Bressel E, Tillman MD. Acute Aquatic Treadmill Exercise Improves Gait and Pain in People With Knee Osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 94:419-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Requena B, Garcia I, Requena F, Bressel E, Saez-Saez de Villarreal E, Cronin J. Association between traditional standing vertical jumps and a soccer-specific vertical jump. Eur J Sport Sci 2012; 14 Suppl 1:S398-405. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2012.708790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Denning WM, Bressel E, Dolny D, Bressel M, Seeley MK. A Review of Biophysical Differences between Aquatic and Land-Based Exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.25035/ijare.06.01.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Sobolewski
- Human Movement Science Program, Health, Physical Education, & Recreation Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Dale R. Wagner
- Human Movement Science Program, Health, Physical Education, & Recreation Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Human Movement Science Program, Health, Physical Education, & Recreation Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Bressel E, Gibbons M, Samaha AL. Effect of Whole Body Vibration on Stereotypy of Young Children with Autism. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000402274.59742.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Roper J, Tillman MD, Bressel E. Aquatic Treadmill Exercise Improves Gait Mechanics and Mobility for Individuals with Unilateral Knee Osteoarthritis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000401914.98164.b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vandenberg C, Bressel E, Dolny D. Trunk Muscle Recruitment is Reduced When Exercising In An Aquatic Environment. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000400996.05385.e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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