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Ortega-Contreras JA, Alvarado-Méndez E, Almanza-Rodríguez G, Hernández MDC, Celaya-García L. Glucose Sensor Using Sol-Gel Coating Layer Deposited on PMMA Optical Fiber: An Enzyme Activity Measurement System. Gels 2023; 9:608. [PMID: 37623063 PMCID: PMC10453416 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a biocatalytic glucose optical sensor produced by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD) as a recognition molecule over a PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) optical fiber is introduced. An enzymatic encapsulation process was carried out using the sol-gel method, depositing a TEOS-based coating by immersion at the end of an optical fiber; the biosensor was characterized using different glucose levels. Finally, the best way to encapsulate the enzyme and prevent it from degrading is to perform the process at room temperature, and later implement the deposition of the coating on the fiber. The drying process was optimal below 8 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar Alvarado-Méndez
- Department of Electronics Engineering, DICIS, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salamanca 36787, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Almanza-Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Celaya 38010, Mexico; (G.A.-R.); (M.d.C.H.)
| | - María del Carmen Hernández
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Celaya 38010, Mexico; (G.A.-R.); (M.d.C.H.)
| | - Luis Celaya-García
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, DICIS, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salamanca 36787, Mexico;
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Vázquez JL, Velazco-Cabral I, Alvarado-Méndez E, Trejo-Durán M, Flores-Alamo M, Peña-Cabrera E, García-Revilla MA, Vázquez MA. Effect of the substituents of new coumarin-imidazo[1,2- a]heterocyclic-3-acrylate derivatives on nonlinear optical properties: a combined experimental-theoretical approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22466-22475. [PMID: 34585696 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new coumarin-imidazo[1,2-a]heterocyclic-3-acrylate derivatives 7a-h were synthesized by the Heck reaction between the corresponding 3-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines)-(2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-ones 4a-e and methyl acrylate in 45-87% yields. The effect of the distinct substituents on third-order nonlinear optical properties was examined, experimentally measuring their nonlinear refractive indexes by the Z-scan technique. Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory were utilized with the B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, PBE (PBEPBE), and M062X functionals on Gaussian09 software to calculate the vertical excitation, relaxation of the brightest excited states, conformation, HOMO-LUMO gaps, oscillator strength, polarizability, and hyperpolarizabilities of all derivatives. Although all acrylates showed a nonlinear response at a certain level of power, the compounds bearing a diethylamino electron-donating group exhibited higher nonlinear refractive index values (∼10-9 cm2 W-1), which is in agreement with the trend in the computational calculations of the first and second hyperpolarization. According to the structural analysis, the electron-withdrawing group (acrylate) is mainly responsible for the loss of coplanarity because of increasing the dihedral angle between the coumarin and imidazo[1,2-a]heterocyclic moieties (to 39.1°). On the other hand, the unsubstituted compound 4a presented the greatest nonlinearity due to its almost coplanar structure (n2 ∼ 10-8 cm2 W-1), highlighting the importance of this feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Vázquez
- Chemistry Department, DCNE, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico.
| | - Iván Velazco-Cabral
- Chemistry Department, DCNE, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Alvarado-Méndez
- Engineering Division Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, University of Guanajuato, Palo Blanco s/n, 36885, Salamanca, Gto, Mexico
| | - Mónica Trejo-Durán
- Engineering Division Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, University of Guanajuato, Palo Blanco s/n, 36885, Salamanca, Gto, Mexico
| | - Marcos Flores-Alamo
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Insurgentes Sur S/N, 04510, DF, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Peña-Cabrera
- Chemistry Department, DCNE, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico.
| | - Marco A García-Revilla
- Chemistry Department, DCNE, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico.
| | - Miguel A Vázquez
- Chemistry Department, DCNE, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico.
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Ramírez-Martínez D, Alvarado-Méndez E, Trejo-Durán M, Vázquez-Guevara MA. Nonlocal nonlinear refraction in Hibiscus sabdariffa with large phase shifts. Opt Express 2014; 22:25161-25170. [PMID: 25401548 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.025161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present a study of nonlinear optical properties in organic materials (hibiscus sabdariffa). Our results demonstrate that the medium exhibits a highly nonlocal nonlinear response. We show preliminary numerical results of the transmittance as nonlocal response by considering, simultaneously, the nonlinear absorption and refraction in media. Numerical results are accord to measurement obtained by Z- scan technique where we observe large phase shifts. We also analyze the far field diffraction ring patterns of the sample.
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Alvarado-Méndez E, Trejo-Durán M, Estudillo-Ayala JM, Andrade-Lucio JA, Vargas-Rodríguez E, García-Hernández MDG. Dynamic of total internal reflection (2+1)D bright beams on photorefractive SBN61:Ce crystal. Opt Express 2012; 20:754-763. [PMID: 22274420 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study experimentally and numerically the transient behavior of a (2+1)D beam when it is totally reflected by nonlinear interface formed by SBN61:Ce photorefractive crystal. The dynamics give rise to observation of new beams. Due to modulation instability of the beam, the nonlinear interface stimulates the break of the beam into new beams that are reflected to different angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alvarado-Méndez
- División de Ingenierías Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salamanca, Gto. México.
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Trejo-Durán M, Martínez-Richa A, Vera-Graziano R, Alvarado-Méndez E, Castaño VM. Structural and thermal characterization of hybrid materials based on TEOS and DCN. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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