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Blanco-Ruiz M, Amaya-Pascasio L, de Torres Chacón R, Álvarez Soria MJ, Arjona-Padillo A, Carrillo Bailén MM, Milán Pinilla R, Pérez Ortega I, Sánchez Rodríguez B, Andrade Zumárraga L, Valverde Moyano R, Payán Ortiz M, Castillo Fernández AM, Del Toro Pérez C, González Bustos P, Agüera Morales E, Sánchez López P, Hidalgo Martín B, Roa Chamorro R, Fernández Pérez J, Mejías Olmedo MV, Martínez-Sánchez P. Effectiveness and safety of PCSK9 inhibitors in real-world clinical practice. An observational multicentre study. The IRIS-PCSK9I study. Atheroscler Plus 2021; 45:32-38. [PMID: 36643997 PMCID: PMC9833257 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims The benefits of the PCSK9 inhibitors, alirocumab and evolocumab, in lowering LDL-cholesterol and preventing major adverse cardiac events (MACE) have been demonstrated in pivotal clinical trials. However, few studies of routine clinical practice have been conducted to analyse and compare the efficacy and safety of the two drugs. Methods Retrospective observational study of patients treated with a PCSK9 inhibitor in five hospitals in Andalusia (southern Spain). Baseline demographic and clinical data, LDL-cholesterol levels and the occurrence of MACEs during the follow-up period were recorded. Results A total of 141 patients were included in the study: 90 were treated with alirocumab and 51 with evolocumab. The patients' mean age (IQR) was 58 (11) years and 58 (41%) were women. The most frequent concomitant medications were statins, 94 (66.7%), followed by antiplatelet therapy (66%) and ezetimibe (65.2%). The median (IQR) follow-up period was 18 (18) months, with 18 (24) for alirocumab and 11 (18) for evolocumab. At the six-month follow-up visit, LDL-cholesterol values had decreased to pre-treatment levels and remained significantly decreased (p < 0.05) over time, for both drugs, and a greater reduction was achieved in patients with established cardiovascular disease and concomitant treatment with statins. With respect to adverse effects, there were nine MACEs (6.4%), of which seven were with alirocumab (7.8%) and two with evolocumab (3.9%) (p NS). Other adverse effects (9.2%) included local erythema (3.5%), muscle cramps (2.1%), respiratory symptoms (2.1%) and asthaenia (1.4%). Conclusions The efficacy and safety of alirocumab and evolocumab in routine clinical practice are consistent with the findings of the pivotal clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Blanco-Ruiz
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
| | - Laura Amaya-Pascasio
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
| | - Reyes de Torres Chacón
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Arjona-Padillo
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo Milán Pinilla
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
| | - Irene Pérez Ortega
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Luis Andrade Zumárraga
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Valverde Moyano
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - Manuel Payán Ortiz
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo González Bustos
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera Morales
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | | | | | - Ricardo Roa Chamorro
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández Pérez
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Martínez-Sánchez
- Stroke Unit and Department of Neurology, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain,Corresponding author. Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, University of Almería, Calle Hermandad de Donantes de Sangre S/N, 04009, Almería, Andalusia, Spain.
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Labella F, Acebrón F, Blanco-Valero MDC, Rodrígez-Martín A, Monterde Ortega Á, Agüera Morales E. HIV infection and multiple sclerosis: a case with unexpected "no evidence of disease activity" status. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521999577. [PMID: 33765893 PMCID: PMC8166391 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521999577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system whose etiology remains unclear. It has been suggested that MS can be triggered by certain viruses; however, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with reduced incidence of MS. We present the case of a young patient diagnosed with active relapsing-remitting MS whose clinical course substantially improved following HIV infection and treatment. The patient achieved no evidence of disease activity status without any disease-modifying drugs. Both HIV-induced immunosuppression and antiretroviral therapy may have attenuated the clinical course in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Labella
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba
| | - Fernando Acebrón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba
| | | | - Alba Rodrígez-Martín
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba
| | | | - Eduardo Agüera Morales
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)
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Abstract
Following mitosis in many cell lines, siblings remain adjoined in dyads until further cell division. We report here a series of experiments designed to ascertain the nature of this apposition in the embryonic Kc cell line of Drosophila melanogaster. We have found that (1) cell division in siblings is highly synchronized when compared to that in nonsiblings: (2) siblings in dyads are dye coupled with respect to Lucifer Yellow, but intercellular diffusion of larger molecules (FITC-dextran at 6 and 24 kDa) is retarded: (3) siblings are electrically coupled by an ungated low-resistance intercellular connection which is resistant to treatment with octanol and CO2, both known to close gap junction channels: and (4) members of a dyad are joined by a cytoplasmic bridge. Structures resembling septate junctions are also found between siblings and between cells in aggregates. The evidence accumulated here suggests that cytokinesis in Kc dyads is incomplete, resulting in an intercellular pathway that may provide for the passage of a molecular or electrical signal that regulates subsequent mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Spray
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543
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Spray DC, Ginzberg RD, Morales EA, Gatmaitan Z, Arias IM. Electrophysiological properties of gap junctions between dissociated pairs of rat hepatocytes. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1986; 103:135-44. [PMID: 3722262 PMCID: PMC2113793 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.103.1.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological properties of isolated pairs of rat hepatocytes were examined within 5 h after dissociation. These cells become round when separated, but cell pairs still display membrane specializations. Most notably, canaliculi are often present at appositional membranes which are flanked by abundant gap and tight junctions. These cell pairs are strongly dye-coupled; Lucifer Yellow CH injected into one cell rapidly diffuses to the other. Pairs of hepatocytes are closely coupled electrically. Conductance of the junctional membrane is not voltage sensitive: voltage clamp studies demonstrate that gj is constant in response to long (5 s) transjunctional voltage steps of either polarity (to greater than +/- 40 mV from rest). Junctional conductance (gj) between hepatocyte pairs is reduced by exposure to octanol (0.1 mM) and by intracellular acidification. Normal intracellular pH (pHi), measured with a liquid ion exchange microelectrode, was generally 7.1-7.4, and superfusion with saline equilibrated with 100% CO2 reduced pHi to 6.0-6.5. In the pHi range 7.5-6.6, gj was constant. Below pH 6.6, gj steeply decreased and at 6.1 coupling was undetectable. pHi recovered when cells were rinsed with normal saline; in most cases gj recovered in parallel so that gj values were similar for pHs obtained during acidification or recovery. The low apparent pK and very steep pHi-gj relation of the liver gap junction contrast with higher pKs and more gradually rising curves in other tissues. If H+ ions act directly on the junctional molecules, the channels that are presumably homologous in different tissues must differ with respect to reactive sites or their environment.
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Abstract
Squid embryos examined by freeze-fracture and thin-section electron microscopy exhibit identifiable gap junctions during mid-cleavage stages (stages 7-8), and junctional complexes composed of adherent appositions, elaborate septate junctions and gap junctions at slightly later stages (stages 12-13). During germinal layer establishment (stages 12-13) cytoplasmic bridges frequently link the embryonic cells. The presence of gap junctions in cleavage-stage embryos provides the morphological substrate for a demonstrated pathway of direct cell-cell communication that is modifiable by experimental treatments and may be physiologically regulatable. The existence of septate junctions and adherent contacts at later stages suggests that some functional specialization, perhaps the establishment of a strongly joined framework of cells at the surface of the embryo, accompanies the formation of germinal layers.
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