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dos Anjos LR, de Souza VMR, Machado YAA, Partite VM, Aufy M, Dias Lopes G, Studenik C, Alves CR, Lubec G, Gonzalez ERP, Rodrigues KADF. Evidence of Guanidines Potential against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: Exploring In Vitro Effectiveness, Toxicities and of Innate Immunity Response Effects. Biomolecules 2023; 14:26. [PMID: 38254626 PMCID: PMC10813298 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex group of infectious and parasitic diseases that afflict many thousands of individuals across five continents. Leishmaniasis treatment remains a challenge because it relies on drugsknown for their high toxicity and limited efficacy, making itimperative to identify new molecules that offer greater effectiveness and safety. This study sought to explore the impact of seven synthetic guanidine derivatives (LQOF-G1, LQOF-G2, LQOF-G6, LQOF-G7, LQOF-G32, LQOF-G35 and LQOF-G36) onthe parasite Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and in vitro macrophage infection by this parasite, as well as cytotoxic approaches in vitro models of mammalian host cells and tissues. The synthesized compounds showed purity ≥ 99.65% and effectively inhibited parasite growth. LQOF-G1 proved the most potent, yielding the best half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against promastigotes (4.62 μmol/L), axenic amastigotes (4.27 μmol/L), and intracellular amastigotes (3.65 μmol/L). Notably, the antileishmanial activity of LQOF-G1, LQOF-G2, and LQOF-G6 was related to immunomodulatory effects, evidenced by alterations in TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the supernatant of culture macrophages infected with L. (V.) braziliensis and coincubated with these compounds. LQOF-G2 and LQOF-G36 compounds exhibited vasodilator and spasmolytic effects at higher concentrations (≥100 μmol/L). Generally, LQOF-G1, LQOF-G2, and LQOF-G32 compounds were found to be nontoxic to assessed organs and cells. No toxic effects were observed in human cell lines, such as HEK-293, CaCo-2 and A549, at concentrations ≥ 500 μmol/L. Collectively, data have shown unequivocal evidence of the effectiveness of these compounds against L. (V.) braziliensis parasite, one of the causative agents of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis in America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Ribeiro dos Anjos
- Fine Organic Chemistry Lab, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-080, Brazil; (L.R.d.A.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Vanessa Maria Rodrigues de Souza
- Infectious Disease Laboratory—LADIC, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta—UFDPar, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, São Benedito, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (Y.A.A.M.)
| | - Yasmim Alves Aires Machado
- Infectious Disease Laboratory—LADIC, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta—UFDPar, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, São Benedito, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (Y.A.A.M.)
| | - Vitor Moreira Partite
- Fine Organic Chemistry Lab, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-080, Brazil; (L.R.d.A.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Mohammed Aufy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek Platz 2, UZAII (2D 259), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.); (C.S.)
| | - Geovane Dias Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.D.L.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Christian Studenik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek Platz 2, UZAII (2D 259), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.); (C.S.)
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.D.L.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Eduardo Rene Perez Gonzalez
- Fine Organic Chemistry Lab, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-080, Brazil; (L.R.d.A.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Klinger Antonio da Franca Rodrigues
- Infectious Disease Laboratory—LADIC, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta—UFDPar, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, São Benedito, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (Y.A.A.M.)
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Kalaba P, Ilić M, Aher NY, Dragačević V, Wieder M, Zehl M, Wackerlig J, Beyl S, Sartori SB, Ebner K, Roller A, Lukic N, Beryozkina T, Gonzalez ERP, Neill P, Khan JA, Bakulev V, Leban JJ, Hering S, Pifl C, Singewald N, Lubec J, Urban E, Sitte HH, Langer T, Lubec G. Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel Thiazole-Based Modafinil Analogues Acting at Monoamine Transporters. J Med Chem 2019; 63:391-417. [PMID: 31841637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors, such as modafinil, are used for the treatment of sleeping disorders and investigated as potential therapeutics against cocaine addiction and for cognitive enhancement. Our continuous effort to find modafinil analogues with higher inhibitory activity on and selectivity toward the dopamine transporter (DAT) has previously led to the promising thiazole-containing derivatives CE-103, CE-111, CE-123, and CE-125. Here, we describe the synthesis and activity of a series of compounds based on these scaffolds, which resulted in several new selective DAT inhibitors and gave valuable insights into the structure-activity relationships. Introduction of the second chiral center and subsequent chiral separations provided all four stereoisomers, whereby the S-configuration on both generally exerted the highest activity and selectivity on DAT. The representative compound of this series was further characterized by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies that have demonstrated both safety and efficacy profile of this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Kalaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Marija Ilić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Nilima Y Aher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vladimir Dragačević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Marcus Wieder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Stanislav Beyl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Simone B Sartori
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Karl Ebner
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Natalie Lukic
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Tetyana Beryozkina
- Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin , 19 Mira st. , Yekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
| | - Eduardo Rene Perez Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Fine Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Sao Paulo State , Roberto Simonsen 305 , CEP 19060-900 , Presidente Prudente , SP , Brazil
| | - Philip Neill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Jawad Akbar Khan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin , 19 Mira st. , Yekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
| | - Johann Jakob Leban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Centre for Brain Research , Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Jana Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory , Paracelsus Medical University , A-5020 Salzburg , Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory , Paracelsus Medical University , A-5020 Salzburg , Austria
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