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Maitituoheti M, Keung EZ, Tang M, Yan L, Alam H, Han G, Singh AK, Raman AT, Terranova C, Sarkar S, Orouji E, Amin SB, Sharma S, Williams M, Samant NS, Dhamdhere M, Zheng N, Shah T, Shah A, Axelrad JB, Anvar NE, Lin YH, Jiang S, Chang EQ, Ingram DR, Wang WL, Lazar A, Lee MG, Muller F, Wang L, Ying H, Rai K. Enhancer Reprogramming Confers Dependence on Glycolysis and IGF Signaling in KMT2D Mutant Melanoma. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108293. [PMID: 33086062 PMCID: PMC7649750 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methyltransferase KMT2D harbors frequent loss-of-function somatic point mutations in several tumor types, including melanoma. Here, we identify KMT2D as a potent tumor suppressor in melanoma through an in vivo epigenome-focused pooled RNAi screen and confirm the finding by using a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) based on conditional and melanocyte-specific deletion of KMT2D. KMT2D-deficient tumors show substantial reprogramming of key metabolic pathways, including glycolysis. KMT2D deficiency aberrantly upregulates glycolysis enzymes, intermediate metabolites, and glucose consumption rates. Mechanistically, KMT2D loss causes genome-wide reduction of H3K4me1-marked active enhancer chromatin states. Enhancer loss and subsequent repression of IGFBP5 activates IGF1R-AKT to increase glycolysis in KMT2D-deficient cells. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis and insulin growth factor (IGF) signaling reduce proliferation and tumorigenesis preferentially in KMT2D-deficient cells. We conclude that KMT2D loss promotes tumorigenesis by facilitating an increased use of the glycolysis pathway for enhanced biomass needs via enhancer reprogramming, thus presenting an opportunity for therapeutic intervention through glycolysis or IGF pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayinuer Maitituoheti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Z Keung
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hunain Alam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anand K Singh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ayush T Raman
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate Program in Quantitative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Terranova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharmistha Sarkar
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias Orouji
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samir B Amin
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sneha Sharma
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maura Williams
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neha S Samant
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayura Dhamdhere
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Norman Zheng
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tara Shah
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amiksha Shah
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob B Axelrad
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nazanin E Anvar
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Hsi Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward Q Chang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Davis R Ingram
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Lazar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florian Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kunal Rai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate Program in Quantitative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Czako B, Marszalek JR, Burke JP, Mandal P, Leonard PG, Cross JB, Mseeh F, Jiang Y, Chang EQ, Suzuki E, Kovacs JJ, Feng N, Gera S, Harris AL, Liu Z, Mullinax RA, Pang J, Parker CA, Spencer ND, Yu SS, Wu Q, Tremblay MR, Mikule K, Wilcoxen K, Heffernan TP, Draetta GF, Jones P. Discovery of IACS-9439, a Potent, Exquisitely Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of CSF1R. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9888-9911. [PMID: 32787110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have a significant presence in the tumor stroma across multiple human malignancies and are believed to be beneficial to tumor growth. Targeting CSF1R has been proposed as a potential therapy to reduce TAMs, especially the protumor, immune-suppressive M2 TAMs. Additionally, the high expression of CSF1R on tumor cells has been associated with poor survival in certain cancers, suggesting tumor dependency and therefore a potential therapeutic target. The CSF1-CSF1R signaling pathway modulates the production, differentiation, and function of TAMs; however, the discovery of selective CSF1R inhibitors devoid of type III kinase activity has proven to be challenging. We discovered a potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable CSF1R inhibitor, IACS-9439 (1). Treatment with 1 led to a dose-dependent reduction in macrophages, promoted macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype, and led to tumor growth inhibition in MC38 and PANC02 syngeneic tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Czako
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jason P Burke
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Pijus Mandal
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Paul G Leonard
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jason B Cross
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Faika Mseeh
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Yongying Jiang
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Edward Q Chang
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Erika Suzuki
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Kovacs
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Ningping Feng
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Sonal Gera
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Angela L Harris
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Zhen Liu
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Robert A Mullinax
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jihai Pang
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Connor A Parker
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Nakia D Spencer
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Simon S Yu
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Qi Wu
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Martin R Tremblay
- Tesaro Inc., 1000 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Keith Mikule
- Tesaro Inc., 1000 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Keith Wilcoxen
- Tesaro Inc., 1000 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- TRACTION (Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Philip Jones
- IACS (Institute of Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
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