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Nelson M, Zhang X, Podgaetz E, Melmed A, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. In Human Esophageal Epithelial and Muscle Cells Treated With Th2 Cytokines, Upadacitinib Decreases Eotaxin-3 Secretion and Muscle Tension. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)00173-2. [PMID: 38364911 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xi Zhang
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ava Melmed
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stuart J Spechler
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rhonda F Souza
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas.
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2
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Martin TK, Dinerman A, Sudhaman S, Budde G, Palsuledesai CC, Krainock M, Liu MC, Smith E, Tapias L, Podgaetz E, Schwartz G. Early real-world experience monitoring circulating tumor DNA in resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024:S0022-5223(24)00075-8. [PMID: 38244856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to evaluate the impact of monitoring circulating tumor DNA on the detection and management of recurrence in patients with resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Between October 2021 and March 2023, postoperative circulating tumor DNA was monitored in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (N = 108). Longitudinal blood samples (n = 378 samples) were collected for prospective circulating tumor DNA analysis at 3-month intervals after curative-intent resection. A tumor-informed assay was used for the detection and quantification of circulating tumor DNA. The primary outcome measure was a circulating tumor DNA-positive result. The secondary outcome measure was changes in practice after a circulating tumor DNA-positive result. RESULTS The mean age of the patients in this cohort was 68.1 years. Of the 108 patients, 12 (11.1%) were circulating tumor DNA positive at least at 1 timepoint postsurgery, of whom 8 (66.7%) had a clinically evident recurrence and the remaining 4 had limited clinical follow-up. Of the 10 patients with recurrent disease, 8 demonstrated circulating tumor DNA positivity and the remaining 2 patients had brain-only metastases. Postoperative clinical care was altered in 100% (12/12) of circulating tumor DNA-positive patients, with 58.3% (7/12) receiving an early computed tomography scan and 100% (12/12) receiving an early positron emission tomography computed tomography scan as part of their surveillance strategy. Among the patients who received an early positron emission tomography scan, 66.6% (8/12) were positive for malignant features. CONCLUSIONS Routine monitoring of tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA after curative intent therapy improved patient risk stratification and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis K Martin
- Dignity Health East Valley General Surgery Residency, Chandler Regional Medical Center, Chandler, Ariz; Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft Worth, Tex.
| | - Aaron Dinerman
- Department of General Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emy Smith
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Leonidas Tapias
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gary Schwartz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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Nelson MR, Zhang X, Podgaetz E, Wang X, Zhang Q, Pan Z, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. Th2 cytokine signaling through IL-4Rα increases eotaxin-3 secretion and tension in human esophageal smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G38-G52. [PMID: 37933466 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00155.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In esophageal epithelial cells in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) signal through IL-4Rα, activating JAK to increase eotaxin-3 secretion, which draws eosinophils into the mucosa. We explored whether Th2 cytokines also might stimulate eotaxin-3 secretion and increase tension in esophageal smooth muscle (ESM), which might impair esophageal distensibility, and whether those events could be blocked by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or agents that disrupt IL-4Rα signaling. We established human ESM cell cultures from organ donors, characterizing Th2 cytokine receptor and P-type ATPase expression by qPCR. We measured Th2 cytokine-stimulated eotaxin-3 secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ESM cell tension by gel contraction assay, before and after treatment with omeprazole, ruxolitinib (JAK inhibitor), or IL-4Rα blocking antibody. CPI-17 (inhibitor of a muscle-relaxing enzyme) effects were studied with CPI-17 knockdown by siRNA or CPI-17 phospho(T38A)-mutant overexpression. ESM cells expressed IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 but only minimal H+-K+-ATPase mRNA. Th2 cytokines increased ESM eotaxin-3 secretion and tension, effects blocked by ruxolitinib and IL-4Rα blocking antibody but not consistently blocked by omeprazole. IL-13 increased ESM tension by increasing CPI-17 expression and phosphorylation, effects blocked by CPI-17 knockdown. Blocking IL-4Rα decreased IL-13-stimulated eotaxin-3 secretion, CPI-17 expression, and tension in ESM. Th2 cytokines increase ESM eotaxin-3 secretion and tension via IL-4Rα signaling that activates CPI-17. Omeprazole does not reliably inhibit this process, but IL-4Rα blocking antibody does. This suggests that ESM eosinophilia and impaired esophageal distensibility might persist despite elimination of mucosal eosinophils by PPIs, and IL-4Rα blocking agents might be especially useful in this circumstance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have found that Th2 cytokines increase eotaxin-3 secretion and tension in esophageal smooth muscle (ESM) cells via IL-4Rα signaling. Unlike esophageal epithelial cells, ESM cells do not express H+-K+-ATPase, and omeprazole does not inhibit their cytokine-stimulated eotaxin-3 secretion or tension. An IL-4Rα blocking antibody reduces both eotaxin-3 secretion and tension induced by Th2 cytokines in ESM cells, suggesting that an agent such as dupilumab might be preferred for patients with EoE with esophageal muscle involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Xuan Wang
- Biostatistics Core, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Stuart Jon Spechler
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Rhonda F Souza
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Ellison A, Nguyen AD, Zhang J, Mendoza R, Davis D, Podgaetz E, Ward M, Reddy C, Souza R, Spechler SJ, Konda VJA. The broad impact of functional lumen imaging probe panometry in addition to high-resolution manometry in an esophageal clinical practice. Dis Esophagus 2023; 36:6705376. [PMID: 36125222 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution manometry (HRM) with the Chicago Classification (CC) is the standard paradigm to define esophageal motility disorders. Functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) panometry utilizes impedance planimetry to characterize esophageal compliance and secondary peristalsis. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical impact of FLIP panometry in addition to HRM. A retrospective chart review was performed on FLIP panometry cases utilizing the 322N catheter. Cases with prior foregut surgeries or botulinum injection within 6 months of FLIP panometry were excluded. EGJ-diameter and distensibility index (DI) and secondary contraction patterns at increasing balloon volumes were recorded. An EGJ-DI of ≥2.8 mm2/mm Hg at 60 mL was considered as a normal EGJ distensibility. CC diagnosis, Eckhardt score, Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire, and clinical outcomes were obtained for each FLIP case. A total of 186 cases were included. Absent contractility and achalasia types 1 and 2 showed predominantly absent secondary contraction patterns, while type 3 had a variety of secondary contractile patterns on FLIP panometry. Among 77 cases with EGJ outflow obstruction (EGJOO), 60% had a low EGJ-DI. Among those with no motility disorder or ineffective esophageal motility on HRM, 27% had a low DI and 47% had sustained contractions on FLIP, raising concern for an esophageal dysmotility process along the achalasia and/or spastic spectrum. FLIP panometry often confirmed findings on HRM in achalasia and absent contractility. FLIP panometry is useful in characterizing EGJOO cases. Spastic features on FLIP panometry may raise concern for a motility disorder on the spastic spectrum not captured by HRM. Further studies are needed on FLIP panometry to determine how to proceed with discrepancy with HRM and explore diagnoses beyond the CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton Ellison
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anh D Nguyen
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jesse Zhang
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roseann Mendoza
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Davis
- Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, pa rt of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marc Ward
- Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chanakyaram Reddy
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rhonda Souza
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stuart J Spechler
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vani J A Konda
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
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5
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Nguyen AD, Ellison A, Reddy CA, Mendoza R, Podgaetz E, Ward MA, Souza RF, Spechler SJ, Konda VJA. Spastic secondary contractile patterns identified by FLIP panometry in symptomatic patients with unremarkable high-resolution manometry. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14321. [PMID: 35075734 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) panometry can show spastic secondary contractile patterns of unclear significance in symptomatic patients who have no esophageal obstructive disorders, and no motility disorders on high-resolution manometry (HRM). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed non-obstructed, symptomatic patients with HRM findings of no motility disorder or ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) for whom spastic secondary contractile patterns identified by FLIP panometry were used to guide treatment. Symptoms were scored using the Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire (BEDQ). KEY RESULTS We identified ten symptomatic patients treated at our medical center who met inclusion criteria (seven women; mean age 56 years; eight no motility disorder, two IEM). On FLIP panometry, seven had spastic secondary contractions at 60 ml, two at 40 ml, and one at both 40 ml and 60 ml balloon volumes. Eight patients (80%) had improvement in BEDQ scores with therapies that targeted the spastic secondary contractile patterns identified by FLIP (five botulinum toxin injection, two Esoflip dilation, and one Heller myotomy). Interestingly, review of HRM tracings revealed that all patients had a novel HRM finding of mid-vertical pressurization in at least 20% swallows, with seven exhibiting this finding in >50% of swallows. CONCLUSIONS This case series demonstrates that treatments targeting spastic secondary contractions identified by FLIP panometry can result in symptomatic improvement in patients with no obstructive disorder and no diagnostic motility disorder on HRM. In such patients, we have identified the novel HRM finding of mid-vertical pressurization, which might be the manometric manifestation of spasm limited to the mid-esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh D Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ashton Ellison
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chanakyaram A Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Roseann Mendoza
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Surgery, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marc A Ward
- Department of Surgery, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rhonda F Souza
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Stuart J Spechler
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Vani J A Konda
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
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6
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Zhang Q, Bansal A, Dunbar KB, Chang Y, Zhang J, Balaji U, Gu J, Zhang X, Podgaetz E, Pan Z, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. A human Barrett's esophagus organoid system reveals epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity induced by acid and bile salts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G598-G614. [PMID: 35380457 PMCID: PMC9109796 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00017.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of subsquamous intestinal metaplasia (SSIM), in which glands of Barrett's esophagus (BE) are buried under esophageal squamous epithelium, is unknown. In a rat model of reflux esophagitis, we found that columnar-lined esophagus developed via a wound-healing process involving epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) that buried glands under ulcerated squamous epithelium. To explore a role for reflux-induced EMP in BE, we established and characterized human Barrett's organoids and sought evidence of EMP after treatment with acidic bile salts (AB). We optimized media to grow human BE organoids from immortalized human Barrett's cells and from BE biopsies from seven patients, and we characterized histological, morphological, and molecular features of organoid development. Features and markers of EMP were explored following organoid exposure to AB, with and without a collagen I (COL1) matrix to simulate a wound-healing environment. All media successfully initiated organoid growth, but advanced DMEM/F12 (aDMEM) was best at sustaining organoid viability. Using aDMEM, organoids comprising nongoblet and goblet columnar cells that expressed gastric and intestinal cell markers were generated from BE biopsies of all seven patients. After AB treatment, early-stage Barrett's organoids exhibited EMP with loss of membranous E-cadherin and increased protrusive cell migration, events significantly enhanced by COL1. Using human BE biopsies, we have established Barrett's organoids that recapitulate key histological and molecular features of BE to serve as high-fidelity BE models. Our findings suggest that reflux can induce EMP in human BE, potentially enabling Barrett's cells to migrate under adjacent squamous epithelium to form SSIM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using Barrett's esophagus (BE) biopsies, we established organoids recapitulating key BE features. During early stages of organoid development, a GERD-like wound environment-induced features of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) in Barrett's progenitor cells, suggesting that reflux-induced EMP can enable Barrett's cells to migrate underneath squamous epithelium to form subsquamous intestinal metaplasia, a condition that may underlie Barrett's cancers that escape detection by endoscopic surveillance, and recurrences of Barrett's metaplasia following endoscopic eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kerry B Dunbar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yan Chang
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Uthra Balaji
- Department of Biostatistics Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jinghua Gu
- Department of Biostatistics Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Stuart Jon Spechler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rhonda F Souza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
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Nelson M, Zhang X, Podgaetz E, Spechler S, Souza R. IL‐13/IL4Rα Signaling Increases Tension in Human Circular and Longitudinal Esophageal Smooth Muscle Through Distinct Molecular Pathways: Potential Contribution to Reduced Esophageal Distensibility in EoE. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Nelson
- Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal ResearchDallasTX
| | - Xi Zhang
- Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal ResearchDallasTX
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Center for Esophageal DiseasesBaylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal ResearchDallasTX
| | - Stuart Spechler
- Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal ResearchDallasTX
| | - Rhonda Souza
- Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal ResearchDallasTX
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Paris S, Ekeanyanwu R, Davis D, Whelan K, Iyer P, Katzka D, Podgaetz E, Leeds S, Ward M, Zhang X, Spechler S, Souza R. Gastroesophageal Junction Fat Pad Tissue from Obese Patients Impairs Esophageal Epithelial Barrier Function and Disrupts Cell‐to‐Cell Connections. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Ward
- Baylor Scott and White HealthDallasTX
| | - Xi Zhang
- Baylor Scott and White HealthDallasTX
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Nelson M, Zhang X, Genta RM, Turner K, Podgaetz E, Paris S, Cardenas J, Gu J, Leeds S, Ward M, Nguyen A, Konda V, Furuta GT, Pan Z, Souza RF, Spechler SJ. Lower esophageal sphincter muscle of patients with achalasia exhibits profound mast cell degranulation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14055. [PMID: 33280206 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils and mast cells are key effectors of allergy. When they accumulate in the esophagus, their myoactive, pro-inflammatory, and cytotoxic products potentially could cause achalasia-like motility abnormalities and neuronal degeneration. We hypothesized that there is an allergy-mediated form of achalasia. METHODS LES muscle samples obtained during Heller myotomy from patients with achalasia or EGJ outflow obstruction (EGJOO) and from organ donor controls were immunostained for tryptase. Eosinophil and mast cell density, and mast cell degranulation were assessed. LES muscle was evaluated by qPCR for genes mediating smooth muscle Ca2+ handling and contraction. KEY RESULTS There were 13 patients (7 men, median age 59; 10 achalasia, 3 EGJOO) and 7 controls (4 men, median age 42). Eosinophils were infrequent in LES muscle, but mast cells were plentiful. Patients and controls did not differ significantly in LES mast cell density. However, 12 of 13 patients exhibited profound LES mast cell degranulation involving perimysium and myenteric plexus nerves, while only mild degranulation was seen in 2 of 7 controls. Hierarchical clustering analysis of qPCR data revealed two "mototype" LES gene expression patterns, with all type II patients in one mototype, and type I and III patients in the other. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES LES muscle of patients with achalasia or EGJOO exhibits striking mast cell degranulation, and patients with different achalasia manometric phenotypes exhibit different LES patterns of expression for genes mediating Ca2+ handling and muscle contraction. Although these findings are not definitive, they support our hypothesis that achalasia can be allergy-driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Center forEsophageal Diseases/Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research/Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center forEsophageal Diseases/Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research/Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert M Genta
- Inform Diagnostics, Irving, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research/Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shere Paris
- Department of Medicine, Center forEsophageal Diseases/Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research/Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Cardenas
- Biostatistics Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jinghua Gu
- Biostatistics Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Steven Leeds
- Department of Surgery, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research/Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marc Ward
- Department of Surgery, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research/Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Center forEsophageal Diseases/Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research/Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vani Konda
- Department of Medicine, Center forEsophageal Diseases/Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research/Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Department of Pediatrics and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Rhonda F Souza
- Department of Medicine, Center forEsophageal Diseases/Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research/Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stuart Jon Spechler
- Department of Medicine, Center forEsophageal Diseases/Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Esophageal Research/Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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Ekeanyanwu R, Paris S, Davis D, Podgaetz E, Leeds S, Ward M, Zhang X, Spechler S, Souza R. Products of GEJ Fat of Obese Patients Cause Rapid and Reversible Impairment of Esophageal Epithelial Barrier Function. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Baylor Scott & White HealthDallasTX
- Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Steven Leeds
- Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX
- Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX
| | | | - Xi Zhang
- Baylor Scott & White HealthDallasTX
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11
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Odze R, Spechler SJ, Podgaetz E, Nguyen A, Konda V, Souza RF. Histologic Study of the Esophagogastric Junction of Organ Donors Reveals Novel Glandular Structures in Normal Esophageal and Gastric Mucosae. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00346. [PMID: 33904522 PMCID: PMC8081473 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether cardiac mucosa at the esophagogastric junction is normal or metaplastic is controversial. Studies attempting to resolve this issue have been limited by the use of superficial pinch biopsies, abnormal esophagi resected typically because of cancer, or autopsy specimens in which tissue autolysis in the stomach obscures histologic findings. METHODS We performed histologic and immunohistochemical studies of the freshly fixed esophagus and stomach resected from 7 heart-beating, deceased organ donors with no history of esophageal or gastric disease and with minimal or no histologic evidence of esophagitis and gastritis. RESULTS All subjects had cardiac mucosa, consisting of a mixture of mucous and oxyntic glands with surface foveolar epithelium, at the esophagogastric junction. All also had unique structures we termed compact mucous glands (CMG), which were histologically and immunohistochemically identical to the mucous glands of cardiac mucosa, under esophageal squamous epithelium and, hitherto undescribed, in uninflamed oxyntic mucosa throughout the gastric fundus. DISCUSSION These findings support cardiac mucosa as a normal anatomic structure and do not support the hypothesis that cardiac mucosa is always metaplastic. However, they do support our novel hypothesis that in the setting of reflux esophagitis, reflux-induced damage to squamous epithelium exposes underlying CMG (which are likely more resistant to acid-peptic damage than squamous epithelium), and proliferation of these CMG as part of a wound-healing process to repair the acid-peptic damage could result in their expansion to the mucosal surface to be recognized as cardiac mucosa of a columnar-lined esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Odze
- Robert Odze Pathology, LLC, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuart J. Spechler
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Vani Konda
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rhonda F. Souza
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
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12
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Abstract
Objective
With the advent of minimally invasive surgery, incisionless surgery, and third-space endoscopy, the treatment for Zenker's diverticulum has also moved toward less invasive techniques
Methods
New incisionless per oral techniques can be applied for cricopharyngeal myotomy in Zenker's diverticulum.
Results
Five patients underwent Zenker's diverticulum per oral endoscopic myotomy (Z-POEM) without complications, minimal discomfort, and narcotic consumption, with complete resolution of their symptoms by history and Eckardt scores.
Conclusions
Z-POEM is performed entirely endoscopically with very little associated pain or complication rates, with short-term follow-up having excellent functional and symptomatic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Podgaetz
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott & White North Texas, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Vani Konda
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
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13
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Burgwardt S, Huskic A, Schwartz G, Mason DP, Tapias L, Podgaetz E. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum secondary to electronic cigarette use. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2020; 33:229-230. [PMID: 32313467 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1717407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping, the use of electronic cigarettes, involves different mechanics than conventional combustion cigarettes. Consumers who vape tend to overinhale and then forcefully exhale to eliminate the vapor, which is usually produced in much greater quantity than generated by a regular cigarette. Effectively, they are performing an exaggerated Valsalva maneuver. This can increase their risk for developing potential spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Here we present a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum secondary to electronic cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Burgwardt
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas
| | - Arnes Huskic
- Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Gary Schwartz
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White HealthDallasTexas
| | - David P Mason
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White HealthDallasTexas
| | - Leonidas Tapias
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White HealthDallasTexas
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White HealthDallasTexas
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14
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Paris S, Davis D, Podgaetz E, Leeds S, Ward M, Zhang X, Konda V, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. Products of Mature Adipocytes in Visceral Fat of Obese Patients Impair Esophageal Epithelial Barrier Formation and Function. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shere Paris
- Baylor University Medical Center/Baylor S&W Research Institute
| | | | | | | | | | - Xi Zhang
- Baylor University Medical Center/Baylor S&W Research Institute
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15
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Jamil A, Still S, Schwartz GS, Podgaetz E, Mason DP. Tracheal resection for tracheal stenosis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2020; 33:15-18. [PMID: 32063757 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2019.1680912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomically, patients with refractory tracheal stenosis benefit from tracheal resection, depending on the medical comorbidities or challenging tracheal anatomy, which is often the reason for denial of this option in these patients. We evaluated 15 patients undergoing tracheal resection at our institution from May 2016 through December 2017. Eleven patients had a history of previous tracheostomy, six in place at the time of resection. One had idiopathic stenosis with no known comorbidities. Major comorbidities included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. One had a left ventricular assist device, and one was a lung transplant recipient. All had primary resection through the cervical approach with a median length of 3.5 cm. Fourteen patients were eventually decannulated. One patient had re-resection 1 year later for recurrent stenosis. Twelve were alive at a median follow-up of 15 months with patent airways. In conclusion, tracheal stenosis patients have significant comorbidities that increase the risks after resection. However, these patients should still be considered for surgery for an improved quality of life and eventual resolution of severe stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayla Jamil
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Sasha Still
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Gary S Schwartz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - David P Mason
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas
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16
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Podgaetz E, Garza-Castillon R, Andrade RS, Vega-Peralta J. Initial experience with a dual-anchor stent for anastomotic strictures after oesophagectomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 51:236-241. [PMID: 28186238 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Podgaetz
- Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Rafael S Andrade
- Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jose Vega-Peralta
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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17
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Jamil AK, Schwartz GS, Podgaetz E, Mason DP. Left upper lobectomy for a large incidental simple arteriovenous malformation. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2019; 32:245-246. [PMID: 31191141 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2019.1576093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an incidental finding of a large left upper lobe diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) presenting with cyanosis, exertional shortness of breath, polycythemia, and low peripheral oxygen saturation. PAVMs are mostly diagnosed in symptomatic patients with therapeutic embolization as the first choice of therapy. This young woman had no symptoms but showed signs of hypoxemia, and further investigation revealed a huge central left upper lobe PAVM. A successful upper lobectomy resulted in a quick recovery and immediate return to normal peripheral oxygen saturation levels with no further comorbidity or recurrence during 3 years of current follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayla K Jamil
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Gary S Schwartz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - David P Mason
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas
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18
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Zamora FD, Moughrabieh A, Gibson H, Podgaetz E, Dincer HE. An Expectorated "Stent": An Unexpected Complication of EBUS-TBNA. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2017; 24:250-252. [PMID: 27479014 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration has a low complication rate and is a cost-effective procedure for mediastinal staging and diagnosis when compared with the more invasive mediastinoscopy. There are increasing case reports of unexpected complications including equipment failures with and without significant medical consequences. Knowledge of complications, including those that are rare, is essential for the physician performing this minimally invasive procedure. We report a case of a retained foreign body from the unexpected separation of a distal spring/coil mechanism from the Olympus ViziShot Aspiration needle following early needle deployment within the working channel of the bronchoscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix D Zamora
- *Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine ‡Department of Cardiopulmonary Services §Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN †Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Harper University Hospital, Detroit, MI
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19
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Podgaetz E, Schwartz GS, Mason DP. Minimally invasive posterior basilar segmentectomy by a posterior approach: Should we start flipping? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 154:1440-1441. [PMID: 28599974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Advanced Heart and Lung Disease, Dallas, Tex
| | - Gary S Schwartz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Advanced Heart and Lung Disease, Dallas, Tex
| | - David P Mason
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Baylor University Medical Center, Center for Advanced Heart and Lung Disease, Dallas, Tex.
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20
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Aziken N, Evasovich M, Andrade RS, Podgaetz E. Laparoscopic transdiaphragmatic thymectomy without chest incisions. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 51:385-387. [PMID: 28186270 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nkem Aziken
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Evasovich
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rafael S Andrade
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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21
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Abstract
Diaphragmatic eventration and diaphragmatic paralysis are 2 entities with different etiology and pathology, and are often clinically indistinguishable. When symptomatic, their treatment is the same, with the objective to reduce the dysfunctional cephalad excursion of the diaphragm during inspiration. This can be achieved with diaphragmatic plication through the thorax or the abdomen with either open or minimally invasive techniques. We prefer the laparoscopic approach, due to its easy access to the diaphragm and to avoid pain associated with intercostal incisions and instrument use. Short-term and long-term results are excellent with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Podgaetz
- Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, MMC 207, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Rafael Garza-Castillon
- Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, MMC 207, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rafael S Andrade
- Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, MMC 207, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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22
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Garza-Castillon R, Berger J, Andrade R, Podgaetz E. The Pharyngostomy Tube: Indications, Technique, Efficacy, and Safety in Modern Surgical Practice. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 66:390-395. [PMID: 27855471 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term nasogastric tubes are uncomfortable and associated with complications such as impairment with speech and swallowing, septum trauma, epistaxis, alar necrosis, and intubation of the trachea among others. Pharyngostomy tubes (PTs) are an alternative for prolonged enteral feeding, transluminal drainage of collections, and gastric decompression in patients with an intestinal obstruction and an inoperable abdomen. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of patients who had a PT placed at our institution from May 2005 to March 2015. The primary end point of the study was to establish the type and rate of complications and aspiration events related to PT use. RESULTS During the specified period, a total of 84 PTs were placed. The most common indication for PT placement was enteric decompression in 65 (77.4%), followed by transluminal collection drainage in 12 (14.3%), and enteral access for nutrition in 7 (8.3%) patients. The mean time to tube removal was 17.8 days ± 17.1 (range, 2-119). We encountered 10 (11.2%) complications related to PT placement, including 7 cases of cellulitis, 2 superficial abscesses, and 1 patient with pharyngeal hemorrhage. CONCLUSION PTs are a relatively simple, safe, and straightforward approach to achieve long-term enteral decompression, access for feeding or transluminal drainage, avoiding the complications associated with prolonged nasogastric tube placement. The complication rate is low and patient satisfaction and compliance appear to be higher than with nasogastric tubes. Modern surgeons should be familiar with the procedure and technique. PTs should be part of every surgeon's armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Garza-Castillon
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jonathan Berger
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Rafael Andrade
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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23
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Spratt JR, Podgaetz E, Loor G, Shumway SJ. Endobronchial valve therapy for a refractory air leak after lung transplantation in a patient with multiple connective tissue disorders. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 153:e17-e18. [PMID: 27814898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R Spratt
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Gabriel Loor
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Sara J Shumway
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn.
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24
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Hutchins J, Sanchez J, Andrade R, Podgaetz E, Wang Q, Sikka R. Ultrasound-Guided Paravertebral Catheter Versus Intercostal Blocks for Postoperative Pain Control in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 31:458-463. [PMID: 27810407 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of continuous paravertebral (PV) catheters for management of acute postsurgical pain after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has not been investigated previously as a randomized controlled trial. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of an ultrasound-guided continuous PV catheter catheter infusion for postoperative pain control with single-shot intercostal blocks (ICB). DESIGN A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING An academic university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients (≥18 years of age) who underwent a VATS procedure. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 received single-shot ICB. Group 2 received an ultrasound-guided PV catheter with a continuous infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS There were 25 patients in group 1 and 23 patients in group 2. The maximum pain score was significantly lower in the group that received the PV catheter compared with those who received ICB during 24 to 48 hours (3.65 v 6.44, p<0.001). Seventeen patients (74%) who received PV catheters reported satisfaction with a pain control regimen compared to the 11 (44%) who received ICB (p = 0.036). In addition, during 24 to 48 hours after surgery the mean opioid use decreased significantly in the PV catheter group (14.39 v 30.50 mg morphine equivalents, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-guided continuous PV catheter infusions provided prolonged pain control and superior patient satisfaction compared with single-shot ICB after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hutchins
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
| | - Jeremy Sanchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Rafael Andrade
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Qi Wang
- Biostatistics Design and Analysis Center, Minneapolis, MN
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25
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Berger J, Zamora F, Podgaetz E, Andrade R, Dincer HE. Usefulness of lymphoid granulomatous inflammation culture obtained by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in a fungal endemic area. Endosc Ultrasound 2016; 5:243-7. [PMID: 27503156 PMCID: PMC4989405 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.187869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the procedure of choice for the evaluation of mediastinal/hilar lymph node enlargements. Granulomatous inflammation of the mediastinal/hilar lymph nodes is often identified on routine histology. In addition, mediastinal lymphadenopathy may be present with undiagnosed infection. We sought to determine the usefulness of routine cultures and histology for infectious etiologies in a fungal endemic area when granulomatous inflammation is identified. Materials and Methods: We identified 56 of 210 patients with granulomatous inflammation on EBUS-TBNA biopsies from October 2012 through October 2014. An onsite cytologist evaluated all biopsies and an additional TBNA pass for microbiologic stains and cultures were obtained in those with granulomatous inflammation. Results: Of the 56 patients with granulomatous inflammation, 20 patients had caseating (necrotizing) granulomas while noncaseating (nonnecrotizing) granulomas were detected in 36 of the remainder patients. In patients with caseating granulomas, fungal elements were identified in 6 of 20 (30%) patients (histoplasma; N = 5, blastomyces; N = 1) on Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) stain. Lymph node cultures identified 3 of 20 (20%) patients as being positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (N = 1), Histoplasma capsulatum (N = 1), and Blastomyces dermatitidis (N = 1). Among patients with noncaseating granulomas, only 2 out of 36 (5%) were positive for fungal elements on GMS stain, identified as Histoplasma, although the lymph node cultures remained negative. Conclusion: The incidence of granulomatous inflammation of mediastinal lymph nodes was 26.6% in our series. Of these patients, noncaseating granulomas were more common (64% vs. 36%). Infectious organisms, fungal or acid-fast bacilli (AFB), on either staining or lymph node culture were rarely identified in noncaseating granulomas, 5% and none, respectively. Caseating granulomas were more commonly associated with positive lymph node fungal stain and culture, 35% and 15%, respectively. In a fungal endemic area, lymph node staining and culture can be considered in cases with caseating granulomatous inflammation, if known at the time of biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Berger
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Felix Zamora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rafael Andrade
- Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - H Erhan Dincer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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26
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Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound has become the first choice standard of care procedure to diagnose benign or malignant lesions involving mediastinum and lung parenchyma adjacent to the airways owing to its characteristics of being real-time and minimally invasive. Although the incidence of lung cancer has been decreasing, it is and will be the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the next few decades. When compared to other cancers, lung cancer kills more females than breast and colon cancers combined and more males than colon and prostate cancers combined. The type of lung cancer has changed in recent decades and adenocarcinoma has become the most frequent cell type. Prognosis of lung cancer depends upon the cell type and the staging at the time of diagnosis. The cell type and molecular characteristics of adenocarcinoma may allow individualized targeted treatment. Other malignant conditions in the mediastinum and lung (eg, metastatic lung cancers and lymphoma) can be biopsied using endobronchial ultrasound needles. Endobronchial ultrasound needle biopsies provides mostly cytology specimens due to its small sizes of needles (22 gauge or larger) which may not give enough tissue to make a definitive diagnosis in malignant (eg, lymphoma) or benign conditions (eg, sarcoidosis). EchoTip ProCore endobronchial needle released in early 2014 provides histologic biopsy material. Larger tissue biopsies may potentially provide a higher diagnostic yield and it eliminates mediastinoscopy or other surgical interventions. Here we aim to review bronchoscopic approach in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions with emphasis of EchoTip ProCore needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Erhan Dincer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rafael Andrade
- Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Felix Zamora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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27
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Zamora FD, Podgaetz E, Dincer HE. Counterintuitive Pulmonary Nodules in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arch Bronconeumol 2016; 52:334-5. [PMID: 26818558 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Daniel Zamora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Estados Unidos.
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Estados Unidos
| | - H Erhan Dincer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Estados Unidos
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28
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Abstract
Background Therapeutic pneumoperitoneum (TP) is one alternative to manage pleural space problems. We describe our technique and experience. Materials and Methods Medical records of all patients who underwent TP from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2015, were reviewed after Institutional Review Board approval. We report indication, preprocedure pulmonary function tests, volume of insufflated air, time to chest tube removal, and complications. We place a red rubber catheter into the peritoneal space through the diaphragm or a small abdominal incision, insufflate with room air, record volume (liters), intraperitoneal pressure (goal 9-10 mm Hg), and monitor vital signs, airway pressures, and urine output. Results We performed TP in 32 patients. Follow-up was available for 31 patients. Indications were prevention of pleural space problems in bilobectomy patients (n = 11), following decortication for empyema (n = 11), prevention of prolonged air leak (n = 3), prevention of postresection space (n = 4), and spontaneous chylothorax (n = 2). TP was done postoperatively in three patients. Median air volume used was 3.5 L (3-6 L). Time to chest tube removal overall was 7.8 days (3-20 days) and to discharge 10.2 days (4-32 days). No patient developed respiratory failure, renal failure, or required evacuation of TP. Conclusion TP is a simple, safe, and effective technique to manage pleural space problems. Proper patient selection and meticulous technique are imperative for the successful clinical application of TP. We believe that TP is an underutilized tool for the management of pleural space problems and merits wider application in thoracic surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jonathan Berger
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Joe Small
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Rafael Garza
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Rafael Andrade
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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Podgaetz E, Diaz I, Andrade RS. To Sink the Lifted: Selection, Technique, and Result of Laparoscopic Diaphragmatic Plication for Paralysis or Eventration. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 64:631-640. [PMID: 26720705 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1570372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Diaphragmatic eventration is a congenital defect of the muscular portion of a hemidiaphragm that eventually leads to hemidiaphragmatic elevation and dysfunction. The clinical diagnosis of diaphragmatic eventration or diaphragmatic paralysis may be indistinguishable and diaphragmatic plication is the treatment of choice for both conditions. Discussion We review the indications, patient selection, and surgical techniques for diaphragmatic plication. We explain our preferred technique and guide the reader step by step on our approach. Conclusion Minimally invasive diaphragm plication techniques are effective alternatives to open transthoracic plication and result in significant improvement in dyspnea and quality of life in adequately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Ilitch Diaz
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Rafael Santiago Andrade
- Department of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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Andrade R, Podgaetz E, Soule M. V-153LAPAROSCOPIC TRANS-DIAPHRAGMATIC LUNG WEDGE RESECTION. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv204.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Podgaetz E, Andrade RS, Zamora F, Gibson H, Dincer HE. Endobronchial Treatment of Bronchopleural Fistulas by Using Intrabronchial Valve System: A Case Series. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 27:218-22. [PMID: 26686450 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Air leaks, alveolopleural or bronchopleural fistulas, either spontaneous, iatrogenic, or postsurgical, can be difficult to treat, and if prolonged in spite of proper chest tube thoracostomy they may require surgical or chemical pleurodesis with variable success. Intrabronchial valve (IBV) treatment is minimally invasive and has a potential to shorten the duration of air leaks in well-selected patients with ongoing air leaks. The study included 19 patients with prolonged air leaks treated with IBVs spiration, with a total of 71 valves placed at a tertiary university hospital. Internal Board Review approval was obtained to use IBVs for off-label indication. IBVs were placed in desired airways with 100% accuracy in patients with air leaks without complications, including self-migration. All 19 patients with air leaks were initially treated with chest tube thoracostomy and in addition chemical pleurodesis in 2 and blood patch in a patient without success. After IBV placement, all patients but one with air leak had successful resolution of the air leak and removal of chest tube in a median of 3 days (range: 2-45 days). In conclusion, the use of IBVs for prolonged air leaks in various etiologies is effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Podgaetz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Rafael S Andrade
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Section of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Felix Zamora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Heidi Gibson
- Cardiopulmonary Service, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - H Erhan Dincer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Ustun C, Randall N, Podgaetz E, Amin K, Dincer HE. Severe dyspnoea in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukaemia on a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Thorax 2015; 70:701-4. [PMID: 25935168 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-206841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celalettin Ustun
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicole Randall
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - H Erhan Dincer
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Podgaetz E, Kriegsmann M, Dincer EH, Allan JS. Myeloid sarcoma: an unusual presentation for acute tracheal stenosis. Clin Respir J 2015; 10:800-804. [PMID: 25763656 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Extramedullary involvement of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is rare and has been reported under the terms myeloid sarcoma (MS), granulocytic sarcoma, chloroma, extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia, myeloblastoma and myelosarcoma. The most common extramedullary involvement includes soft tissues and lymph nodes, but it may arise in different sites of the body. There are only very few reports about MS in the pulmonary system, and involvement of the trachea is extremely rare. METHODS This is the first report of initial presentation of MS by severe acute tracheal stenosis. RESULTS After failed tracheal dilatation, a tracheostomy was performed where tracheal tissue was submitted for pathology. Histology of the tracheal biopsy and bone marrow revealed AML. The patient was subsequently referred to our oncology service for further management. CONCLUSION Myeloid sarcoma should be part of the differential for acute tracheal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Podgaetz
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Trier, Germany
| | - Erhan H Dincer
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James S Allan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Podgaetz E, Deschamps C. Esophageal complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: A case report. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145:e9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Splenic tumors are rare. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the spleen is one of the least common primary splenic tumors. Review of the literature shows that a laparoscopic resection has never been tried. METHOD We discuss the case of a 76-year-old man with a 7-cm MFH in the spleen and present a review of splenic sarcomas. RESULTS The patient underwent a successful laparoscopic splenectomy; pathology revealed a rare undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the spleen. A review of the international literature identified 15 additional cases of primary splenic MFH. Survival was rarely longer than 15 months. CONCLUSION Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spleen is an exceedingly rare tumor with a poor prognosis. In experienced hands, laparoscopic splenectomy is a feasible operative choice for primary splenic sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Hashmi
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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36
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Mercado MA, Chan C, Orozco H, Podgaetz E, Porras-Aguilar DE, De la Medina AR, Hinojosa CA, Plata-Muñoz JJ, Jaramillo C, Oki FI. Low serum albumin is not a contraindication for early iatrogenic bile duct injury repair. Ann Hepatol 2006; 4:184-7. [PMID: 16177657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Most iatrogenic bile duct injuries are recognized in the early postoperative period (first 48 hours). These patients usually have additional complications such as a suboptimal hydroelectrolitic status, subhepatic collections, external biliary fistula and malnutrition. In these circumstances, besides the elevation of bilirubin and transaminases associated with the injury, hypoalbuminemia is frequently encountered. The timing for repair is decided according to the condition of each patient. We report the impact of preoperative abnormal low serum albumin levels on the results of biliary tract reconstruction after a iatrogenic biliary lesion. METHOD Patients who underwent biliary reconstruction in our center from 1998 to 2002 were analyzed. Only patients with complex injuries (Strasberg E, Bismuth III-IV, Stewart-Way III) were included. Major postoperative complications were recorded and correlated with preoperative liver function tests. RESULTS Seventy seven patients were analyzed. In 41 cases, the injury was a consequence of a laparoscopic operation. All patients were treated by a Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy. No operative mortality was recorded. The most frequent postoperative complications were postoperative biliary fistula (8/77-9%, p < 0.017) and subhepatic collections (9/77-9%, p < 0.39). All fistulae closed spontaneously and the subhepatic collections were drained. Overall, complications were more common in the group with hypoalbuminemia (p < 0.002). CONCLUSION Early repair is indicated if there is no systemic contraindication (sepsis, multiple organic failure, electrolytic imbalance). Abnormalities in the liver function tests, particularly a low serum albumin, should not delay the operation. Although significantly more postoperative complications are observed in an early repair, long-term results are comparable to those of an elective repair.
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Plata-Muñoz JJ, Hernández-Ramírez D, Anthón FJ, Podgaetz E, Avila-Flores F, Chan C. Polysplenia syndrome in the adult patient. Case report with review of the literature. Ann Hepatol 2005; 3:114-7. [PMID: 15505598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To report a case of polysplenia syndrome (PSS) in an adult patient. BACKGROUND The PSS is a form of situs ambiguous with multiple spleen, cardiac anomalies, abdominal heterotaxia, short pancreas, major venous system and bronquial malformations. It is a rare syndrome, more often found in childhood, and only the 10% of the patients that do not have cardiac anomalies can reach adulthood. RESULTS A 56 y/o male with obstructive jaundice and intestinal obstruction who was submitted to an abdominal laparotomy suspecting cholangiocarcinoma. He had choledocolithiasis, duodenal kinking by a preduodenal portal vein, intestinal levorotation, hypoplasic vena cava with a prominent acigos vein, short pancreas and polysplenia. A cholecistectomy, biliodigestive and gastroyeyunal bypasses were performed without any complications and with a successful evolution. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PSS is a rare hereditary syndrome that often occurs in childhood and its discovery in an adult is frequently fortuitus. Surgical treatment is an excellent therapeutic option, however is reserved just for complications. The outcome is good and the final evolution depends on the degree of the cardiac anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Plata-Muñoz
- Surgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, CP. 14000, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mercado MA, Chan C, Orozco H, Hinojosa CA, Podgaetz E, Ramos-Gallardo G, Gálvez-Treviño R, Valdés-Villarreal M. Prognostic implications of preserved bile duct confluence after iatrogenic injury. Hepatogastroenterology 2005; 52:40-4. [PMID: 15782990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Biliary reconstruction is performed according to the level of the injury. A comparative study between patients in whom the biliary junction was preserved and another group where the biliary junction was not preserved was done. METHODOLOGY A retrospective review of the biliary reconstructions performed at our institution after iatrogenic lesions between 1990-2002 was done. Postoperative outcome, functional status of the anastomosis, recurrent cholangitis, need for radiological instrumentation and/or reoperation were analyzed. RESULTS We reviewed 204 cases, 130 cases had a preserved biliary junction while in 74 the injury included the junction. All patients were treated with a Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy. In the first group, 4% required reoperation, 4% underwent radiological percutaneous instrumentation, 8% had anastomotic dysfunction and 4% cholangitis. In the second group, 24% needed reoperation and 80% radiological instrumentation. Anastomotic dysfunction was observed in 64% and cholangitis in 55%. It is important to note that 52 of the 74 cases in the second group had a history of more than two reconstruction attempts. CONCLUSIONS When the biliary junction is preserved after a iatrogenic injury we found a significantly better outcome. The results of biliary reconstruction in this type of patient are better long-term compared to those where the junction was not preserved, evidenced by a lower reoperation and radiological instrumentation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Mercado
- Department of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, DF.
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Mercado MA, Chan C, Orozco H, Podgaetz E, Estuardo Porras-Aguilar D, Rodrigo Lozano R, Davila-Cervantes A. Iatrogenic intestinal injury concomitant to iatrogenic bile duct injury: the second component. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 61:380-5. [PMID: 15276345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cursur.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bile duct injuries have a frequency of 0.1% to 0.3% even in the most experienced centers. Complex biliary lesions usually require a bilioenteric anastomosis, achieving good long-term results in 80% to 90% of the cases. Besides injuries to the abdominal contents during laparoscopy (by trocars or electrocautery), intestinal complications associated with reconstruction attempts can be observed. We analyzed the concomitant intestinal complications in 251 patients with iatrogenic biliary injuries reconstructed over this 12-year period. METHODS A retrospective review of patients with biliary tract reconstruction after iatrogenic injury in a tertiary academic health-care center was done. All patients with concomitant intestinal injury were included; type of operation and postoperative outcome were analyzed. RESULTS Among 251 patients, 35 cases had a concomitant intestinal injury. The most common site of fistulization was the duodenum (18 cases, 50%); 9 cases were associated with long-term subhepatic drains (more than three weeks), and the other 9 cases were associated with a dehiscent hepatoduodenostomy. Faulty Roux-en-Y reconstruction was observed in 5 cases. In 5 cases, fistulization of the jejunum and ileum, secondary to drain placement, was documented, as well as 3 cases with colonic injuries. Two patients had a dehisced Roux-en-Y anastomosis. One had a bilioenteric omega type ileal anastomosis, and 1 had a hepatoileal anastomosis without omega reconstruction. Primary repair of the duodenum with resection of the affected intestinal or colonic segment was done at the same time of biliary repair without related morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant gastrointestinal injures were found with an incidence of 15% in our series. The most common site of fistulization is the duodenum. In half of the patients, it was secondary to a dehiscent hepatoduodenostomy, whereas in the other, it was caused by long-term subhepatic drains. Besides faulty Roux-en-Y reconstruction, fistulization was related with long-term drains. Primary repair and resection of the affected segment of jejunum, ileum, and colon can be done during the same operative stage of biliary reconstruction, without significant correlated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Mercado
- Department of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, "Salvador Zubiran," Tlalpan, Mexico.
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Torres-Villalobos G, Podgaetz E, Anthon FJ, Remes-Troche JM, Robles-Diaz G, Nuñez CC. Single pancreatic metastasis from a previously resected carcinoma of the cecum: a case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 61:328-30. [PMID: 15165777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cursur.2003.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a case of an isolated pancreatic metastasis from a primary cecum carcinoma. BACKGROUND Carcinoma of the colon and rectum commonly metastasizes to distant sites such as liver, lung, bone, brain, and ovaries. Only a few cases of pancreatic metastasis from a primary colonic carcinoma had been reported. Metastasic lesions to the pancreas are found only in 3% to 12% of autopsies from advanced malignancies. Primary tumors that commonly metastasize to the pancreas are lung and kidney. Most of the patients with metastatic lesions to pancreas also had extrapancreatic metastatic disease. CASE We report a case of a 86-year-old woman with a single pancreatic metastasis from a primary cecum carcinoma resected 8 months before. CONCLUSIONS The finding of an isolated metastasis to the pancreatic body from a primary cecum adenocarcinoma is extremely rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Torres-Villalobos
- Surgery Departament, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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41
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Chan C, Podgaetz E, Hernández D. [Liver transplantation in hepatitis C]. Rev Invest Clin 2004; 56:513-21. [PMID: 15587298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Chan
- Departamento de Cirugía, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, DF.
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Podgaetz E, Chan C. Liver transplantation for Wilson s disease: our experience with review of the literature. Ann Hepatol 2004; 2:131-4. [PMID: 15115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2003] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Orthotopic liver transplantation is being used with more frequency as the treatment for Wilson s disease. The experience at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran with orthotopic liver transplantation for Wilson s disease is reported. We perform an extensive literature review for this treatment modality. METHODS Between january 2000 and june 2003, 23 orthotopic liver transplants were performed at our institution, 2 of them for Wilson s disease. Both the patients presented with chronic advanced liver disease and one presented neurologic dysfunction. RESULTS Both the patients were transplanted without any major complication and are alive 43 and 22 months after the transplant respectively. To our knowledge 370 liver transplants have been reported in the international literature since 1994 for the treatment of Wilson s disease. CONCLUSIONS Currently, orthotopic liver transplantation should be considered as a major option for the treatment of chronic liver disease in patients with Wilson s disease. Although it is well known that the transplant only partially corrects the defective metabolism in patients with Wilson s disease, it does convert the copper kinetics of a homozygous to that of a heterozigote, thus, providing an effective phenotypic cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Podgaetz
- Surgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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43
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Chan C, Podgaetz E, Torres-Villalobos G, Anthón FJ, Herrera MF. Central pancreatectomy as an indication for various benign pancreatic tumors. Am Surg 2004; 70:304-6. [PMID: 15098781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Standard pancreatic resections, either proximal or distal ones, result in a considerable loss of pancreatic parenchyma and may cause impairment of the exocrine and endocrine functions. Central pancreatectomy has been indicated for small benign lesions located in the neck or body of the pancreas. It has the potential advantage of lowering the risk of functional impairment of the pancreatic parenchyma, biliary tract, upper gastrointestinal tract, and spleen. We present three cases of patients with benign, isolated pancreatic tumors who underwent a successful central pancreatectomy. From this small series, we believe that central pancreatectomy is an excellent therapeutic option for benign, localized pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Chan
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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44
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Chan C, Podgaetz E, Torres-Villalobos G, Javier Anthón F, Herrera MF. Central Pancreatectomy as an Indication for Various Benign Pancreatic Tumors. Am Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1177/000313480407000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Standard pancreatic resections, either proximal or distal ones, result in a considerable loss of pancreatic parenchyma and may cause impairment of the exocrine and endocrine functions. Central pancreatectomy has been indicated for small benign lesions located in the neck or body of the pancreas. It has the potential advantage of lowering the risk of functional impairment of the pancreatic parenchyma, biliary tract, upper gastrointestinal tract, and spleen. We present three cases of patients with benign, isolated pancreatic tumors who underwent a successful central pancreatectomy. From this small series, we believe that central pancreatectomy is an excellent therapeutic option for benign, localized pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Chan
- From the Instituto National de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- From the Instituto National de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Javier Anthón
- From the Instituto National de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel F. Herrera
- From the Instituto National de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mercado-Díaz MA, Hinojosa CA, Chan C, Anthon FJ, Podgaetz E, Orozco H. [Portal biliopathy]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2004; 69:37-41. [PMID: 15193062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Portal biliopathy is a rare condition that is usually not diagnosed. It is associated with presence of varix around bile duct with concomitant ischemic damage and structural alterations of bile duct wall; this produces obstructive phenomena. There are scarce reports on the literature this entity. In the present paper, we report two cases in which obstruction of extrahepatic bile duct was associated with cholecystitis with well-documented extrahepatic portal hypertension. Both cases were managed with cholecystectomy and endoscopic placement of endoprothesis. Treatment of portal biliopathy should be adjusted to the individual patient's characteristics. It is focused on the one hand on management of portal hypertension and on the other hand to management of obstructive jaundice. When cholecistitis is found, cholecistectomy should to be performed. If the patient develops concomitant gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension, management of the problem could require surgical devascularization, shunting procedures, or endoscopic variceal ligature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Mercado-Díaz
- Servicio de Cirugía, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga # 15, Col. Sección XVI, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14000, México, D.F.
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