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Bognár Z, Mosshammer M, Brodersen KE, Bollati E, Gyurcsányi RE, Kühl M. Multiparameter Sensing of Oxygen and pH at Biological Interfaces via Hyperspectral Imaging of Luminescent Sensor Nanoparticles. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1763-1774. [PMID: 38607997 PMCID: PMC11060167 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Chemical dynamics in biological samples are seldom stand-alone processes but represent the outcome of complicated cascades of interlinked reaction chains. In order to understand these processes and how they correlate, it is important to monitor several parameters simultaneously at high spatial and temporal resolution. Hyperspectral imaging is a promising tool for this, as it provides broad-range spectral information in each pixel, enabling the use of multiple luminescent indicator dyes, while simultaneously providing information on sample structures and optical properties. In this study, we first characterized pH- and O2-sensitive indicator dyes incorporated in different polymer matrices as optical sensor nanoparticles to provide a library for (hyperspectral) chemical imaging. We then demonstrate the successful combination of a pH-sensitive indicator dye (HPTS(DHA)3), an O2-sensitive indicator dye (PtTPTBPF), and two reference dyes (perylene and TFPP), incorporated in polymer nanoparticles for multiparameter chemical imaging of complex natural samples such as green algal biofilms (Chlorella sorokiniana) and seagrass leaves (Zostera marina) with high background fluorescence. We discuss the system-specific challenges and limitations of our approach and further optimization possibilities. Our study illustrates how multiparameter chemical imaging with hyperspectral read-out can now be applied on natural samples, enabling the alignment of several chemical parameters to sample structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Bognár
- BME
“Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group,
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest 1111, Hungary
- Center
for Visualizing Catalytic Processes (VISION), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Maria Mosshammer
- Marine
Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, Helsingo̷r 3000, Denmark
| | - Kasper E. Brodersen
- Marine
Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, Helsingo̷r 3000, Denmark
- Environmental
Dynamics, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Elena Bollati
- Marine
Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, Helsingo̷r 3000, Denmark
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- BME
“Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group,
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest 1111, Hungary
- HUN-REN-BME
Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Department of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University
of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine
Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, Helsingo̷r 3000, Denmark
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Bollati E, Lyndby NH, D'Angelo C, Kühl M, Wiedenmann J, Wangpraseurt D. Green fluorescent protein-like pigments optimize the internal light environment in symbiotic reef building corals. eLife 2022; 11:73521. [PMID: 35801683 PMCID: PMC9342951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigments homologous to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) have been proposed to fine-tune the internal light microclimate of corals, facilitating photoacclimation of photosynthetic coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) to life in different reef habitats and environmental conditions. However, direct measurements of the in vivo light conditions inside the coral tissue supporting this conclusion are lacking. Here, we quantified the intra-tissue spectral light environment of corals expressing GFP-like proteins from widely different light regimes. We focus on: (1) photoconvertible red fluorescent proteins (pcRFPs), thought to enhance photosynthesis in mesophotic habitats via wavelength conversion, and (2) chromoproteins (CPs), which provide photoprotection to the symbionts in shallow water via light absorption. Optical microsensor measurements indicated that both pigment groups strongly alter the coral intra-tissue light environment. Estimates derived from light spectra measured in pcRFP-containing corals showed that fluorescence emission can contribute to >50% of orange-red light available to the photosynthetic symbionts at mesophotic depths. We further show that upregulation of pink CPs in shallow-water corals during bleaching leads to a reduction of orange light by 10–20% compared to low-CP tissue. Thus, screening by CPs has an important role in mitigating the light-enhancing effect of coral tissue scattering and skeletal reflection during bleaching. Our results provide the first experimental quantification of the importance of GFP-like proteins in fine-tuning the light microclimate of corals during photoacclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bollati
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Niclas H Lyndby
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia D'Angelo
- Coral Reef Laboratory, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Kühl
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Jörg Wiedenmann
- Coral Reef Laboratory, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Wangpraseurt
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
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Bollati E, Rosenberg Y, Simon-Blecher N, Tamir R, Levy O, Huang D. Untangling the molecular basis of coral response to sedimentation. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:884-901. [PMID: 34738686 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Urbanized coral reefs are often chronically affected by sedimentation and reduced light levels, yet many species of corals appear to be able to thrive under these highly disturbed conditions. Recently, these marginal ecosystems have gained attention as potential climate change refugia due to the shading effect of suspended sediment, as well as potential reservoirs for stress-tolerant species. However, little research exists on the impact of sedimentation on coral physiology, particularly at the molecular level. Here, we investigated the transcriptomic response to sediment stress in corals of the family Merulinidae from a chronically turbid reef (one genet each of Goniastrea pectinata and Mycedium elephantotus from Singapore) and a clear-water reef (multiple genets of G. pectinata from the Gulf of Aqaba/Eilat). In two ex-situ experiments, we exposed corals to either natural sediment or artificial sediment enriched with organic matter and used whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA sequencing) to quantify gene expression. Analysis revealed a shared basis for the coral transcriptomic response to sediment stress, which involves the expression of genes broadly related to energy metabolism and immune response. In particular, sediment exposure induced upregulation of anaerobic glycolysis and glyoxylate bypass enzymes, as well as genes involved in hydrogen sulphide metabolism and in pathogen pattern recognition. Our results point towards hypoxia as a probable driver of this transcriptomic response, providing a molecular basis to previous work that identified hypoxia as a primary cause of tissue necrosis in sediment-stressed corals. Potential metabolic and immunity trade-offs of corals living under chronic sedimentation should be considered in future studies on the ecology and conservation of turbid reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bollati
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biology, Marine Biology Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Yaeli Rosenberg
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noa Simon-Blecher
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Raz Tamir
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Oh RM, Bollati E, Maithani P, Huang D, Wainwright BJ. The Microbiome of the Reef Macroalga Sargassum ilicifolium in Singapore. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050898. [PMID: 33922357 PMCID: PMC8145558 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The large canopy-forming macroalga, Sargassum ilicifolium, provides shelter and food for numerous coral reef species, but it can also be detrimental at high abundances where it outcompetes other benthic organisms for light and space. Here, we investigate the microbial communities associated with S. ilicifolium in Singapore, where it is an abundant and important member of coral reef communities. We collected eight complete S. ilicifolium thalli from eight island locations along an approximate 14 km east-to-west transect. Each thallus was dissected into three separate parts: holdfast, vesicles, and leaves. We then characterized the bacterial communities associated with each part via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA gene V4 region. We then inferred predicted metagenome functions using METAGENassist. Despite the comparatively short distances between sample sites, we show significant differences in microbial community composition, with communities further differentiated by part sampled. Holdfast, vesicles and leaves all harbor distinct microbial communities. Functional predictions reveal some separation between holdfast and leaf communities, with higher representation of sulphur cycling taxa in the holdfast and higher representation of nitrogen cycling taxa in the leaves. This study provides valuable baseline data that can be used to monitor microbial change, and helps lay the foundation upon which we can begin to understand the complexities of reef-associated microbial communities and the roles they play in the functioning and diversity of marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Min Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore; (R.M.O.); (E.B.); (P.M.); (D.H.)
| | - Elena Bollati
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore; (R.M.O.); (E.B.); (P.M.); (D.H.)
| | - Prasha Maithani
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore; (R.M.O.); (E.B.); (P.M.); (D.H.)
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore; (R.M.O.); (E.B.); (P.M.); (D.H.)
- Centre for Nature-Based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Benjamin J. Wainwright
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Bollati E, D'Angelo C, Alderdice R, Pratchett M, Ziegler M, Wiedenmann J. Optical Feedback Loop Involving Dinoflagellate Symbiont and Scleractinian Host Drives Colorful Coral Bleaching. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2433-2445.e3. [PMID: 32442463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coral bleaching, caused by the loss of brownish-colored dinoflagellate photosymbionts from the host tissue of reef-building corals, is a major threat to reef survival. Occasionally, bleached corals become exceptionally colorful rather than white. These colors derive from photoprotective green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments produced by the coral host. There is currently no consensus regarding what causes colorful bleaching events and what the consequences for the corals are. Here, we document that colorful bleaching events are a recurring phenomenon in reef regions around the globe. Our analysis of temperature conditions associated with colorful bleaching events suggests that corals develop extreme coloration within 2 to 3 weeks after exposure to mild or temporary heat stress. We demonstrate that the increase of light fluxes in symbiont-depleted tissue promoted by reflection of the incident light from the coral skeleton induces strong expression of the photoprotective coral host pigments. We describe an optical feedback loop involving both partners of the association, discussing that the mitigation of light stress offered by host pigments could facilitate recolonization of bleached tissue by symbionts. Our data indicate that colorful bleaching has the potential to identify local environmental factors, such as nutrient stress, that can exacerbate the impact of elevated temperatures on corals, to indicate the severity of heat stress experienced by corals and to gauge their post-stress recovery potential. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bollati
- Coral Reef Laboratory, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Cecilia D'Angelo
- Coral Reef Laboratory, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK; Institute for Life Sciences (IFLS), University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rachel Alderdice
- Coral Reef Laboratory, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK; Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Morgan Pratchett
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Systematics & Biodiversity Lab, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Wiedenmann
- Coral Reef Laboratory, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK; Institute for Life Sciences (IFLS), University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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