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Mayol B, Díez P, Sánchez A, de la Torre C, Villalonga A, Lucena-Sánchez E, Sancenón F, Martínez-Ruiz P, Vilela D, Martínez-Máñez R, Villalonga R. A glutathione disulfide-sensitive Janus nanomachine controlled by an enzymatic AND logic gate for smart delivery. Nanoscale 2021; 13:18616-18625. [PMID: 34734589 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the assembly of a novel enzyme-controlled nanomachine operated through an AND Boolean logic gate for on-command delivery. The nanodevice was constructed on Au-mesoporous silica Janus nanoparticles capped with a thiol-sensitive gate-like molecular ensemble on the mesoporous face and functionalized with glutathione reductase on the gold face. This autonomous nanomachine employed NADPH and glutathione disulfide as input chemical signals, leading to the enzymatic production of reduced glutathione that causes the disruption of the gating mechanism on the mesoporous face and the consequent payload release as an output signal. The nanodevice was successfully used for the autonomous release of doxorubicin in HeLa cancer cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Mayol
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paula Díez
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina de la Torre
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Anabel Villalonga
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Lucena-Sánchez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez-Ruiz
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana Vilela
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Reynaldo Villalonga
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Di Roma A, Lucena-Sánchez E, Sciavicco G, Vaccaro C. An intelligent clustering method for devising the geochemical fingerprint of underground aquifers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07017. [PMID: 34027199 PMCID: PMC8131900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Geochemical fingerprinting is a rapidly expanding discipline in the earth and environmental sciences, anchored in the recognition that geological processes leave behind physical, chemical and sometimes also isotopic patterns in the samples. Furthermore, the geochemical fingerprinting of natural cycles (water, carbon, soil and biota fingerprinting) are influenced by the anthropogenic impact and by the climate change. So, their monitoring is a tool of resilience and adaptation. In recent years, computational statistics and artificial intelligence methods have started to be used to help the process of geochemical fingerprinting. In this paper we consider data from 57 wells located in the province of Ferrara (Italy), all belonging to the same geological group and separated into 4 different aquifers. The aquifer from which each well extracts its water is known only in 18 of the 57 cases, while in other 39 cases it can be only hypothesized based on geological considerations. We devise a novel technique for geochemical fingerprinting of groundwater by means of which we are able to identify the exact aquifer from which a sample is extracted with a sufficiently high accuracy. Then, we experimentally prove that out method is sensibly more accurate than typical statistical approaches, such as principal component analysis, for this particular problem.
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Díez P, Lucena-Sánchez E, Escudero A, Llopis-Lorente A, Villalonga R, Martínez-Máñez R. Ultrafast Directional Janus Pt-Mesoporous Silica Nanomotors for Smart Drug Delivery. ACS Nano 2021; 15:4467-4480. [PMID: 33677957 PMCID: PMC8719758 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of bioinspired nanomachines with an efficient propulsion and cargo-towing has attracted much attention in the last years due to their potential biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutics applications. In this context, self-propelled synthetic nanomotors are promising carriers for intelligent and controlled release of therapeutic payloads. However, the implementation of this technology in real biomedical applications is still facing several challenges. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of innovative multifunctional gated platinum-mesoporous silica nanomotors constituted of a propelling element (platinum nanodendrite face), a drug-loaded nanocontainer (mesoporous silica nanoparticle face), and a disulfide-containing oligo(ethylene glycol) chain (S-S-PEG) as a gating system. These Janus-type nanomotors present an ultrafast self-propelled motion due to the catalytic decomposition of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Likewise, nanomotors exhibit a directional movement, which drives the engines toward biological targets, THP-1 cancer cells, as demonstrated using a microchip device that mimics penetration from capillary to postcapillary vessels. This fast and directional displacement facilitates the rapid cellular internalization and the on-demand specific release of a cytotoxic drug into the cytosol, due to the reduction of the disulfide bonds of the capping ensemble by intracellular glutathione levels. In the microchip device and in the absence of fuel, nanomotors are neither able to move directionally nor reach cancer cells and deliver their cargo, revealing that the fuel is required to get into inaccessible areas and to enhance nanoparticle internalization and drug release. Our proposed nanosystem shows many of the suitable characteristics for ideal biomedical destined nanomotors, such as rapid autonomous motion, versatility, and stimuli-responsive controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Díez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigacio′n de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnolo′gico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica
de València, Universitat de València,
Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigacio′n en Mecanismos de Enfermedades
y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Centro
de Investigacio′n Príncipe Felipe, 46012 València, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Lucena-Sánchez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigacio′n de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnolo′gico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica
de València, Universitat de València,
Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigacio′n en Mecanismos de Enfermedades
y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Centro
de Investigacio′n Príncipe Felipe, 46012 València, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Escudero
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigacio′n de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnolo′gico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica
de València, Universitat de València,
Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigacio′n en Mecanismos de Enfermedades
y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Centro
de Investigacio′n Príncipe Felipe, 46012 València, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Llopis-Lorente
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigacio′n de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnolo′gico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica
de València, Universitat de València,
Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigacio′n en Mecanismos de Enfermedades
y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Centro
de Investigacio′n Príncipe Felipe, 46012 València, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Reynaldo Villalonga
- Nanosensors
& Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty
of Chemistry, Complutense University of
Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigacio′n de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnolo′gico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica
de València, Universitat de València,
Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigacio′n en Mecanismos de Enfermedades
y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Centro
de Investigacio′n Príncipe Felipe, 46012 València, Spain
- Unidad
Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 València, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- E-mail:
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Llopis-Lorente A, García-Fernández A, Lucena-Sánchez E, Díez P, Sancenón F, Villalonga R, Wilson DA, Martínez-Máñez R. Stimulus-responsive nanomotors based on gated enzyme-powered Janus Au-mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced cargo delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13164-13167. [PMID: 31620732 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07250k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here we report functional stimulus-responsive nanomotors based on Janus Au-mesoporous silica nanoparticles capable of self-propelling via the biocatalytic conversion of chemical fuel, that read information from the environment (the presence of glutathione) and accordingly deliver a cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Llopis-Lorente
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain. and Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Alba García-Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain. and Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Elena Lucena-Sánchez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain. and Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain. and Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain. and Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Reynaldo Villalonga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Department of Systems Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain. and Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, València, Spain and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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