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Puoti MG, Safe M, Thapar N, Di Chio T, Pieri ES, Nikaki K, Lindley K, Rybak A, Borrelli O. The role of high-resolution impedance manometry to identify rumination syndrome in children with unexplained foregut symptoms. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:1082-1090. [PMID: 38385686 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnosis of rumination syndrome (RS) relies on Rome IV criteria. Oesophageal high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) can objectively demonstrate the episodes of rumination, but its role in the diagnostic pathway is not yet established. We aimed to demonstrate the clinical contribution of this tool for the timely diagnosis of RS and diagnostic work-up of children with unexplained foregut symptoms deemed to be due to other conditions. METHODS HRIMs performed between 2012 and 2021 were searched to retrieve all diagnoses of RS. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data. RESULTS Out of 461 HRIMs performed, 76 children had manometric diagnosis of RS (35 male, median age: 13 years). Of them, 47% were not clinically suspected as the symptoms did not fulfil clinical criteria for RS. The indications for HRIM in these cases were investigation of unexplained foregut symptoms (37%), suspected refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (8%) and dysphagia (2%). Among all HRIMs performed for investigations of unexplained foregut symptoms (n = 80), 35% demonstrated rumination episodes. CONCLUSION Identification of characteristic patterns of rumination on HRIM in children with unexplained foregut symptoms enables the immediate diagnosis of RS. Thus, in situations of diagnostic uncertainty, the use of HRIM at early stages of the diagnostic pathway would reduce unnecessary investigations and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Puoti
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Mark Safe
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Woolworths Centre for Child Nutrition Research, Quuensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Teresa Di Chio
- Paediatric Unit, Paediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Kornilia Nikaki
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Keith Lindley
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna Rybak
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Osvaldo Borrelli
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Barni S, Pessina B, Scarallo L, Renzo S, Pieri ES, Labriola F, Alvisi P, Villanacci V, Giovannini M, Sarti L, Tomei L, Barp J, Naldini S, Paci M, Mori F, Lionetti P. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: Multicenter retrospective study in an Italian cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:225-227. [PMID: 38262705 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pessina
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Scarallo
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Renzo
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Sofia Pieri
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Flavio Labriola
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Alvisi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tomei
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Barp
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Naldini
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Paci
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Lionetti
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Brunori A, Castellani D, Pieri ES, Brusco M, Prestipino M, Cozzali R, Colella R, Manta R. An atypical gastric duplication cyst as a rare cause of gastric dilatation: the key role of the endoscopy ultrasound. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2023; 115:196-197. [PMID: 35899693 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2022.9024/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have written a "letter to Editor" about a case of gastric dilatation caused by a symptomatic gastric duplication cyst with ectopic pancreas ingrowth, in a 13 years old boy. The Endoscopy Ultra Sound characterized the lesion and permitted the aspiration of the internal liquid. The patient underwent to laparoscopic excision of the mass and the histology revealed a gastric duplication cyst with ectopic pancreas ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Brunori
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopyoscopy, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Castellani
- Gastroenterlogy and Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Mario Brusco
- Pediatric Clinic, Università degli studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Prestipino
- Division of Pediatric Surgery , General Hospital of Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Cozzali
- Pediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Manta
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy , General Hospital of Perugia, Italy
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Fattorusso A, Pieri ES, Dell’Isola GB, Prontera P, Mencaroni E, Stangoni G, Esposito S. Intestinal lymphangiectasia in a 3-month-old girl: A case report of Hennekam syndrome caused by CCBE1 mutation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20995. [PMID: 32629717 PMCID: PMC7337536 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONAL Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a rare disease characterized by dilatation and rupture of intestinal lymphatic channels leading to protein-losing enteropathy. IL is classified as primary and secondary types. PATIENT CONCERNS A 3-month-old girl born at term from vaginal delivery with an APGAR score of 10/10 and birth weight of 4.310 g (>97° percentile) was admitted to our hospital because of increasing abdominal tenderness and diarrhea. At first examination, she presented an abdominal circumference of 60 cm, edema of the lower extremities and vulva, and facial dysmorphisms (hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, flat mid-face). DIAGNOSIS Once admitted, ultrasonography showed a large amount of ascites, while blood laboratory investigations revealed severe hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. Lymphoscintigraphy with 99m-Tc-nanocolloid demonstrated abnormal leakage of the tracer in the abdomen as evidence of IL. To detect a possible secondary, exams were performed and demonstrated positive antibody titres for CMV-IgM and IgG in blood and CMV-DNA positivity in blood, urine, saliva, maternal milk, and gastric and duodenal biopsies. Genetic investigations identified the genomic variant c.472C>T of the CCBE1 gene, coding for a protein variant (p.Arg158Cys), in homozygosity. INTERVENTIONS Total parenteral nutrition was started and continued for a total of 18 days, then gradually bridged by enteral nutrition with a special formula. In addition, antiviral therapy for CMV infection was added first with intravenous ganciclovir for 14 days, resulting in the disappearance of blood viral load after 7 days of therapy and then with valganciclovir per os for another 30 days. OUTCOMES The clinical course of the child gradually improved. A few days after starting treatments, lower extremities and vulvar edema disappeared, and abdominal circumference gradually decreased to a stable value of 38 cm, without any ultrasonographic signs of ascites left. Moreover, serum albumin and IgG rose to normal values after 3 months (4.3 g/dL and 501 mg/dL, respectively). LESSONS This case suggests that in presence of IL both primary and secondary causes should be evaluated. On the other hand, genetic diagnosis is crucial not only for diagnosis but also for prognosis in HS. Life expectancy and quality could deeply vary among different gene mutations and protein variants of the same gene. Further studies and case reports are needed to better understand the clinical meaning of these genetic results and the role of CMV as trigger of IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fattorusso
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia
| | - Elena Sofia Pieri
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia
| | | | - Paolo Prontera
- Center for Rare Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia
| | - Elisabetta Mencaroni
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia
| | - Gabriela Stangoni
- Center for Rare Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Cavalli E, Brusaferro A, Pieri ES, Cozzali R, Farinelli E, De' Angelis GL, Esposito S. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: doubts and future perspectives. J Transl Med 2019; 17:262. [PMID: 31399124 PMCID: PMC6688237 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder and represents the leading cause of food impaction. The pathogenesis of EoE is the result of an interplay between genetic, environmental and host immune system factors. New therapeutic approaches for EoE have been proposed. In this manuscript we review the current evidence regarding EoE management in pediatric age, with a particular focus on new findings related to the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies. Main body Conventional therapies have failed in treating some patients with EoE, which then requires aggressive procedures such as esophageal dilatation. The most effective available medical therapy for EoE is swallowed topic corticosteroids (fluticasone propionate and budesonide), which have two main drawbacks: they are related to well-known adverse effects (especially in the paediatric population), and there are not enough long-term data to confirm that they are able to reverse the remodelling process of the esophageal mucosa, which is the major cause of EoE symptoms (including dysphagia, abdominal pain, nausea, obstruction, perforation and vomiting). The monoclonal antibodies appear to be an interesting therapeutic approach. However, the studies conducted until now have shown substantial histological improvement not coupled with significant clinical improvements and no significant relationship between a decreasing number of eosinophils and clinical symptoms, highlighting the importance in the pathogenesis of EoE of cells such as T-helper cells, mast cells, B cells, epithelial cells and natural killer cells. Conclusions Monoclonal antibodies targeting a signal involved in the pathogenesis of EoE may not break the complex self-propagating inflammatory activation responsible for perpetuation of the inflammatory response and the development of symptoms and complications. We speculate that combined biological therapies targeting more than one molecule or cell may provide better results, with conventional therapies potentially enhancing the effects of antibodies. However, further studies should aim to find the best therapeutic approach to target the cells involved in the remodelling process and to reverse the histological changes in this complex clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cavalli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Brusaferro
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Sofia Pieri
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Cozzali
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Farinelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi De' Angelis
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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