Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function of Workers in the Waste Management Industry

Introduction: Waste handling workers are exposed to air pollutants and toxic compounds produced during waste management and processing that can cause respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory health of exposed workers in a waste management plant in Attica, Greece.

Methods: 50 field workers exposed to outdoor pollutants (exposure group) and 32 office clerks with no exposure (control group) were evaluated. Upper and lower respiratory symptoms were documented and spirometry was performed.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the exposure and the control group in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)%, forced vital capacity (FVC)%, FEV1/FVC% predicted values. Workers had lower maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF)% predicted values compared to controls (82% vs 94%, p=0.019). No difference was observed regarding the respiratory symptoms between the two groups.

Conclusion: Lower MMEF values were observed in the exposure group. Low MMEF can be indicative of small airway disease, thus smoking cessation, close follow-up, and the use of personal protective equipment are recommended.

Introducing Greek Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adverse Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Metals

Background Aim: Implementing guidelines in the practice of occupational health is a high-priority need, since their use can reduce the variability in practice and increase professional efficiency, resulting in higher quality of health care services. The aim of this report is to provide information regarding the development process of the first series of national guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of adverse health effects occurring after occupational exposure to hazardous metals in Greece. This task was recently initiated in Greece as part of the health care reform system in the context of the ongoing financial crisis.

METHODS

The following metals: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni), which are the most commonly encountered in Greece, were selected to be studied. A systematic review of medical literature resulted in 94 review papers of the initial 3,932 eligible according to the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS

For each metal, an extensive report was produced, including physical and chemical properties, routes of exposure, health hazards, medical surveillance, occupational exposure limits, protection and control measures, first aid and rescue, and waste management. Special attention was paid to environmental exposure data, effects on children health, and necessary laboratory examinations.

CONCLUSIONS

The first series of guidelines, regarding diagnosis and treatment of individuals who have been occupationally exposed to metals is available; it was recently published in Greece by the National School of Public Health, aiming at helping occupational health practitioners enhance the quality of their provided services.