1
|
Gorey S, McAteer C, Antonenko A, Abrahams E, Cameron S, Egan A, Ero A, Fraser C, Tey ZH, Boochoon L, Koay WJ, Sitram R, Deegan K, Quinn C. 77 INCONTINENCE AND DECONDITIONING IN A NONFRAIL SAMPLE OF INPATIENTS AT A UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Incontinence occurs in 26% of hospitalised adults1. Deconditioning in hospitalised adults is common and contributes to increased hospital stay2. The #endpjparalysis movement motivates us to reduce harms of hospitalisation older adults.
Methods
We surveyed inpatients to capture the point prevalence of incontinence. We also collected information regarding functional status, continence status and use of continence wear. Local ethical review-board approval was obtained. All participants provided informed consent.
Results
There were 86 responses. Mean age of participants was 71.5 years. 45.4% were female, >95% were admitted from home and were functionally independent. Mean length of stay for respondents was 7.4 days ±12. The median Clinical Frailty Scale, for respondents aged >65 years, was 3, indicating this cohort is not frail.
17 respondents reported incontinence on the day of survey; 8 of these reported that incontinence was a new experience for them since their admission. 24 respondents wore incontinence wear at home, 31 were wearing incontinence wear on the day of survey.
Of 80 respondents who could toilet independently at home, 23 (26%) reported a new dependency to toilet. Of 83 respondents who mobilised independently at home (with or without an aid), 11 reported needing assistance of one-person to walk, 3 needed the assistance of two-people to walk or stand, five people required a hoist, while 3 were bedbound on the day of survey.
Conclusion
We describe increased dependency in mobility, toileting and increased use of continence wear in non-frail hospitalised older adults. Future work is needed to maintain function during admission to hospital.
References
1. Condon, M., et al. (2019). ‘Urinary and Faecal Incontinence: Point Prevalence and Predictors in a University Hospital.’ Int J Environ Res Public Health 16.
2. Guilcher, S., et al. (2021). ‘A qualitative study exploring the lived experiences of deconditioning in hospital in Ontario, Canada.’ BMC Geriatrics 21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gorey
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - C McAteer
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - A Antonenko
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - E Abrahams
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - S Cameron
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - A Egan
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - A Ero
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Fraser
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Z H Tey
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - L Boochoon
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - W J Koay
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - R Sitram
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - K Deegan
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Quinn
- University Hospital Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su A, Rosenzweig E, Melehy A, Ning Y, Abrahams E, Bacchetta M, Kurlansky P, Takeda K. Assessing Race and Socioeconomic Status Based Differences in Survival after Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
3
|
Wölfle P, Schmalian J, Abrahams E. Strong coupling theory of heavy fermion criticality II. Rep Prog Phys 2017; 80:044501. [PMID: 28303805 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory of the scaling behavior of the thermodynamic, transport and dynamical properties of a three-dimensional metal governed by d-dimensional fluctuations at a quantum critical point, where the electron quasiparticle effective mass diverges. We determine how the critical bosonic order parameter fluctuations are affected by the effective mass divergence. The coupled system of fermions and bosons is found to be governed by two stable fixed points: the conventional weak-coupling fixed point and a new strong-coupling fixed point, provided the boson-boson interaction is irrelevant. The latter fixed point supports hyperscaling, characterized by fractional exponents. The theory is applied to the antiferromagnetic critical point in certain heavy fermion compounds, in which the strong-coupling regime is reached.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wölfle
- Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76049 Karlsruhe, Germany. Institute for Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76031 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Friedemann S, Paschen S, Geibel C, Wirth S, Steglich F, Kirchner S, Abrahams E, Si Q. Comment on "Zeeman-driven Lifshitz transition: a model for the experimentally observed Fermi-surface reconstruction in YbRh2Si2". Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:139701. [PMID: 24116822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.139701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Friedemann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Pfau H, Hartmann S, Stockert U, Sun P, Lausberg S, Brando M, Friedemann S, Krellner C, Geibel C, Wirth S, Kirchner S, Abrahams E, Si Q, Steglich F. Thermal and electrical transport across a magnetic quantum critical point. Nature 2012; 484:493-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
Fernandes RM, Abrahams E, Schmalian J. Anisotropic in-plane resistivity in the nematic phase of the iron pnictides. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:217002. [PMID: 22181914 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.217002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We show that the interference between scattering by impurities and by critical spin fluctuations gives rise to anisotropic transport in the Ising-nematic state of the iron pnictides. The effect is closely related to the non-Fermi-liquid behavior of the resistivity near an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point. Our theory not only explains the observed sign of the resistivity anisotropy Δρ in electron-doped systems but also predicts a sign change of Δρ upon sufficient hole doping. Furthermore, our model naturally addresses the changes in Δρ upon sample annealing and alkaline-earth substitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Fernandes
- Ames Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, 50011, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Superconductivity in the iron pnictides and chalcogenides arises at the border of antiferromagnetism, which raises the question of the role of quantum criticality. In this topical review, we describe the theoretical work that led to the prediction of a magnetic quantum critical point arising out of a competition between electronic localization and itinerancy, and the proposal for accessing it by using isoelectronic P substitution for As in the undoped iron pnictides. We go on to compile the emerging experimental evidence in support of the existence of such a quantum critical point in isoelectronically tuned iron pnictides. We close by discussing the implications of these results for the physics of the iron pnictides and chalcogenides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elihu Abrahams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu JX, Yu R, Wang H, Zhao LL, Jones MD, Dai J, Abrahams E, Morosan E, Fang M, Si Q. Band narrowing and Mott localization in iron oxychalcogenides La2O2Fe2O(Se,S)2. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:216405. [PMID: 20867124 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.216405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bad metal properties have motivated a description of the parent iron pnictides as correlated metals on the verge of Mott localization. What has been unclear is whether interactions can push these and related compounds to the Mott-insulating side of the phase diagram. Here we consider the iron oxychalcogenides La2O2Fe2O(Se,S)2, which contain an Fe square lattice with an expanded unit cell. We show theoretically that they contain enhanced correlation effects through band narrowing compared to LaOFeAs, and we provide experimental evidence that they are Mott insulators with moderate charge gaps. We also discuss the magnetic properties in terms of a Heisenberg model with frustrating J1-J2-J2' exchange interactions on a "doubled" checkerboard lattice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Zhu
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Aguiar MCO, Dobrosavljević V, Abrahams E, Kotliar G. Critical behavior at the mott-anderson transition: a typical-medium theory perspective. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:156402. [PMID: 19518658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.156402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of the critical behavior close to the Mott-Anderson transition. Our findings are based on a combination of numerical and analytical results obtained within the framework of typical-medium theory-the simplest extension of dynamical mean field theory capable of incorporating Anderson localization effects. By making use of previous scaling studies of Anderson impurity models close to the metal-insulator transition, we solve this problem analytically and reveal the dependence of the critical behavior on the particle-hole symmetry. Our main result is that, for sufficiently strong disorder, the Mott-Anderson transition is characterized by a precisely defined two-fluid behavior, in which only a fraction of the electrons undergo a "site selective" Mott localization; the rest become Anderson-localized quasiparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C O Aguiar
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Two major themes in the physics of condensed matter are quantum critical phenomena and unconventional superconductivity. These usually occur in the context of competing interactions in systems of strongly correlated electrons. All this interesting physics comes together in the behavior of the recently discovered iron pnictide compounds that have generated enormous interest because of their moderately high-temperature superconductivity. The ubiquity of antiferromagnetic ordering in their phase diagrams naturally raises the question of the relevance of magnetic quantum criticality, but the answer remains uncertain both theoretically and experimentally. Here, we show that the undoped iron pnictides feature a unique type of magnetic quantum critical point, which results from a competition between electronic localization and itinerancy. Our theory provides a mechanism to understand the experimentally observed variation of the ordered moment among the undoped iron pnictides. We suggest P substitution for As in the undoped iron pnictides as a means to access this example of magnetic quantum criticality in an unmasked fashion. Our findings point to the iron pnictides as a much-needed setting for quantum criticality, one that offers a unique set of control parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Dai
- Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qimiao Si
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Jian-Xin Zhu
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; and
| | - Elihu Abrahams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
We consider the iron pnictides in terms of a proximity to a Mott insulator. The superexchange interactions contain competing nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor components. In the undoped parent compound, these frustrated interactions lead to a two-sublattice collinear antiferromagnet (each sublattice forming a Néel ordering), with a reduced magnitude for the ordered moment. Electron or hole doping, together with the frustration effect, suppresses the magnetic ordering and allows a superconducting state. The exchange interactions favor a d-wave superconducting order parameter; in the notation appropriate for the Fe square lattice, its orbital symmetry is dxy. A number of existing and future experiments are discussed in light of the theoretical considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qimiao Si
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gegenwart P, Westerkamp T, Krellner C, Tokiwa Y, Paschen S, Geibel C, Steglich F, Abrahams E, Si Q. Multiple Energy Scales at a Quantum Critical Point. Science 2007; 315:969-71. [PMID: 17303749 DOI: 10.1126/science.1136020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report thermodynamic measurements in a magnetic-field-driven quantum critical point of a heavy fermion metal, YbRh2Si2. The data provide evidence for an energy scale in the equilibrium excitation spectrum that is in addition to the one expected from the slow fluctuations of the order parameter. Both energy scales approach zero as the quantum critical point is reached, thereby providing evidence for a new class of quantum criticality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Gegenwart
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Elihu Abrahams
- a Serin Physics Laboratory , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey , 08854 , U.S.A
| | - P. W. Anderson
- b Joseph Henry Laboratory , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey , 08540 , U.S.A
| | - T. V. Ramakrishnan
- b Joseph Henry Laboratory , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey , 08540 , U.S.A
- c Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur , India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abrahams E. Nonexponential relaxation and hierarchically constrained dynamics in a protein. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 71:051901. [PMID: 16089565 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.051901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A scaling analysis within a model of hierarchically constrained dynamics is shown to reproduce the main features of nonexponential relaxation observed in kinetic studies of carbonmonoxymyoglobin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elihu Abrahams
- Center for Materials Theory, Serin Physics Laboratory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tanasković D, Dobrosavljević V, Abrahams E, Kotliar G. Disorder screening in strongly correlated systems. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:066603. [PMID: 12935097 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.066603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electron-electron interactions generally reduce the low temperature resistivity due to the screening of the impurity potential by the electron gas. In the weak-coupling limit, the magnitude of this screening effect is determined by the thermodynamic compressibility which is proportional to the inverse screening length. We show that when strong correlations are present, although the compressibility is reduced, the screening effect is nevertheless strongly enhanced. This phenomenon is traced to the same nonperturbative Kondo-like processes that lead to strong mass enhancements, but which are absent in weak-coupling approaches. We predict metallicity to be strongly stabilized in an intermediate regime where the interactions and the disorder are of comparable magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Tanasković
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
We constructed computer-based simulations of the lattice dynamical properties of plutonium using an electronic structure method, which incorporates correlation effects among the f-shell electrons and calculates phonon spectra at arbitrary wavelengths. Our predicted spectrum for the face-centered cubic delta phase agrees well with experiments in the elastic limit and explains unusually large shear anisotropy of this material. The spectrum of the body-centered cubic phase shows an instability at zero temperature over a broad region of the wave vectors, indicating that this phase is highly anharmonic and can be stabilized at high temperatures by its phonon entropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Varma CM, Abrahams E. Effective Lorentz force due to small-sngle impurity scattering: magnetotransport in high- Tc superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:4652-4655. [PMID: 11384306 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We show that a scattering rate which varies with angle around the Fermi surface has the same effect as a periodic Lorentz force on magnetotransport coefficients. This effect, together with the marginal Fermi liquid inelastic scattering rate, gives a quantitative explanation of the temperature dependence and the magnitude of the observed Hall effect and magnetoresistance with just the measured zero-field resistivity as input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Varma
- Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Given the practical importance of metallic plutonium, there is considerable interest in understanding its fundamental properties. Plutonium undergoes a 25 per cent increase in volume when transformed from its alpha-phase (which is stable below 400 K) to the delta-phase (stable at around 600 K), an effect that is crucial for issues of long-term storage and disposal. It has long been suspected that this unique property is a consequence of the special location of plutonium in the periodic table, on the border between the light and heavy actinides-here, electron wave-particle duality (or itinerant versus localized behaviour) is important. This situation has resisted previous theoretical treatment. Here we report an electronic structure method, based on dynamical mean-field theory, that enables interpolation between the band-like and atomic-like behaviour of the electron. Our approach enables us to study the phase diagram of plutonium, by providing access to the energetics and one-electron spectra of strongly correlated systems. We explain the origin of the volume expansion between the alpha- and delta-phases, predict the existence of a strong quasiparticle peak near the Fermi level and give a new viewpoint on the physics of plutonium, in which the alpha- and delta-phases are on opposite sides of the interaction-driven localization-delocalization transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Savrasov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8019, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Abrahams E, Varma CM. What angle-resolved photoemission experiments tell about the microscopic theory for high-temperature superconductors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:5714-6. [PMID: 10811895 PMCID: PMC18498 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.100118797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent angular-resolved photoemission experiments on high-temperature superconductors are consistent with a phenomenological description of the normal state of these materials as marginal Fermi liquids. The experiments also provide constraints on microscopic theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Abrahams
- Center for Materials Theory, Serin Physics Laboratory, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Graeff-Teixeira C, Geiger S, Walderich B, Hoffmann W, Abrahams E, Schulz-Key H. Isolation of Angiostrongylus costaricensis First-Stage Larvae from Rodent Feces on a Percoll Gradient. J Parasitol 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/3285683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
25
|
Graeff-Teixeira C, Geiger S, Walderich B, Hoffmann W, Abrahams E, Schulz-Key H. Isolation of Angiostrongylus costaricensis first-stage larvae from rodent feces on a Percoll gradient. J Parasitol 1999; 85:1170-1. [PMID: 10647052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several density gradients were tested for the isolation of parasitic nematode, Angiostrongylus costaricensis, first-stage larvae from rodent feces. With a 45/72% Percoll gradient, 83-99% (89.56+/-6.57%) of the larvae were recovered in a clean preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Graeff-Teixeira
- Laboratórios de Biologia Parasitária e Parasitologia Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Catarinella Arrea G, Chinchilla Carmona M, Guerrero Bermúdez OM, Abrahams E. Effect of Trypanosoma lewisi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) on the infection of white rats with Toxoplasma gondii (Eucoccidia: Sarcocystidae) oocysts. REV BIOL TROP 1998; 46:1121-3. [PMID: 10751936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
White rats were inoculated with 10(6) trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma lewisi, simultaneously or two days before and after inoculation with 10(5) oocysts of T. gondii. A greater number of cysts was found in the brain of the animals having concomitant inoculations, as compared with rats inoculated with either one of the two parasites. An apparent immunosuppressive effect is likely. Since both organisms can be found in rats, it is possible that infections with T. lewisi, could make this rodent another intermediate host for Toxoplasma infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Catarinella Arrea
- Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Watts D, Abrahams E, MacMillan C, Sanat J, Silver R, VanGorder S, Waller M, York D. Insult after injury: pressure ulcers in trauma patients. Orthop Nurs 1998; 17:84-91. [PMID: 9814340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DESIGN Nonexperimental-Descriptive. SAMPLE The inclusion criteria were trauma patients, ages 15 and older, who were hospitalized for > 2 days, and who did not have preexisting skin breakdown. A total of 148 consecutive trauma patients admitted to the study institution meeting the inclusion criteria were prospectively enrolled. METHODS Patients were assessed every 3 days for skin breakdown. Information on the patient's bed type, therapies, medical devices, and nutrition was collected. The Braden Scale for predicting pressure ulcer risk was completed at each assessment. FINDINGS Of the 148 patients enrolled, 30 developed at least one area of skin breakdown for a prevalence of 20.3% in patients hospitalized more than 2 days. The most common cause of breakdown was positional pressure (47.4%). Cervical collars were the second leading cause at 23.7%, followed by tracheostomy/endotracheal tubes at 10.5%. The mobility subscale of the Braden Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment tool was significantly predictive of skin breakdown (p < .001). IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING RESEARCH Skin breakdown is a significant problem in trauma patients who are hospitalized for more than 2 days. Aggressive protocols on positioning, cervical collar use, and airway adjuncts, as well as additional active nursing interventions for immobile patients, may be ways to decrease the skin breakdown prevalence in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Watts
- Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chinchilla M, Reyes L, Guerrero OM, Abrahams E. [A simple method for determining the presence of Toxoplasma gondii (Eucoccidia: Sarcocystidae) in meat]. REV BIOL TROP 1997; 45:1559-61. [PMID: 9698944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of T. gondii in meat from several sources was determined by traditional methods and by a new simplified method in which animals are fed meat directly without any previous treatment with artificial gastric fluid. Tissues are ground and the animals ingest them naturally. Determination of Toxoplasma in lungs or brain (as well as by specific antibody test), showed no statistically significant differences between both methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Chinchilla
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, (CIET). Dept. Parasitología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guerrero OM, Chinchilla M, Abrahams E. Increasing of Toxoplasma gondii (Coccidia, Sarcocystidae) infections by Trypanosoma lewisi (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) in white rats. REV BIOL TROP 1997; 45:877-82. [PMID: 9458990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To demonstrate that T. lewisi infection increases T. gondii multiplication in white rats, groups of five Wistar or Sprague Dawley rats were inoculated with 10(6) T. lewisi trypomastigotes and four or seven days later infected with Toxoplasma tachyzoites. Host survival time was monitored, and the presence of T. gondii was confirmed in all dead rats by studying peritoneal exudate smears and lung tissue sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin. The presence of Toxoplasma cysts or antibodies was checked in the brain of surviving rats. The increase is observed four days after trypanosome inoculation and is dependent on rat strain, but not on inoculum size or rat age. Humoral and cellular factors may have a role in the increase as has been reported for other experimental infections with African trypanosomes and T. cruzi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O M Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José Costa Rica
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Elihu Abrahams
- The authors are at the Serin Physics Laboratory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
| | - Gabriel Kotliar
- The authors are at the Serin Physics Laboratory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
Chinchilla M, Guerrero OM, Reyes L, Abrahams E. [Susceptibility of Sigmodon hispidus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) to Toxoplasma gondii (Eucoccidia: Sarcocystidae)]. REV BIOL TROP 1996; 44:265-8. [PMID: 8731615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigmodon hispidus, a cotton rat, was inoculated with tachyzoites or oocysts of Costa Rican strains of Toxoplasma gondii to demonstrate the resistance to this parasite, as compared with mice, hamster and white rat infection. Susceptibility to tachyzoite inoculation was higher in this animal than in white rats but lower than in the other animals. Independent to the Toxoplasma strain studied, oocyst infection was less lethal for S. hispidus when compared with mice and hamsters; the results were similar to those observed for white rats. There is a probable participation of this wild animal in the natural Toxoplasma life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Chinchilla
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abrahams E, Balatsky A, Schrieffer JR, Allen PB. Erratum: Interactions for odd- omega gap singlet superconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:15649. [PMID: 9980929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
35
|
Abrahams E, Balatsky A, Scalapino DJ, Schrieffer JR. Properties of odd-gap superconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:1271-1278. [PMID: 9980706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
36
|
Guerrero OM, Chinchilla M, Castro A, Abrahams E. Age influence in the natural resistance of white rat and mice to the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. REV BIOL TROP 1995; 43:27-30. [PMID: 8728756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Groups of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 day old rats (Sprague Dawley) and Wistar mice were infected per os with different inocula of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts from an avirulent strain. Infection pattern was followed by determination of survival time, tissue lesions, parasite presence and serology. Although all the animals survived the total experimental period (30 day), there were important differences between both rodents regarding to Toxoplasma natural resistance. Brain cysts, as well as tachyzoites in other organs were regularly present in mice but not in rats. On the other hand, most of the organs from mice presented characteristic T. gondii lesions, while in rats a normal tissues were observed, with the exception of an acute reaction found in the brain of a 15d old animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O M Guerrero
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
|
40
|
|
41
|
Inui M, Trugman SA, Abrahams E. Unusual properties of midband states in systems with off-diagonal disorder. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:3190-3196. [PMID: 10011177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
42
|
Abrahams E, Balatsky A, Schrieffer JR, Allen PB. Interactions for odd- omega -gap singlet superconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:513-514. [PMID: 10004475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
43
|
Balatsky A, Abrahams E. New class of singlet superconductors which break the time reversal and parity. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 45:13125-13128. [PMID: 10001390 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Zhang XY, Abrahams E, Kotliar G. Quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for constrained fermions: Application to the infinite-U Hubbard model. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 66:1236-1239. [PMID: 10044030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
46
|
|
47
|
Anderson PW, Abrahams E, Laughlin R. High-Temperature Superconductivity Theory. Science 1991. [DOI: 10.1126/science.251.4997.1005-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
48
|
|
49
|
Patel A, Schofield F, Siskind V, Abrahams E, Parker J. Case-control evaluation of a school-age BCG vaccination programme in subtropical Australia. Bull World Health Organ 1991; 69:425-33. [PMID: 1934236 PMCID: PMC2393242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1956 a programme was initiated to vaccinate all children aged 12-14 years who were attending schools in Queensland, Australia. In view of the declining incidence of tuberculosis in Australia as a whole, there was a need to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme and its procedures. We therefore carried out a case-control study of Queensland's population, excluding certain known high-risk groups. Cases were Queensland residents with notified tuberculosis and of the appropriate age; two controls per case were chosen from the electoral roll. Information on vaccination status was obtained mainly from questionnaires and school records, where available. The results show that at best BCG vaccination had a modest protective effect, approximately 30% when the patients were diagnosed, which was on average 15 years after they had been vaccinated in the school programme. In the north the climate of Queensland is tropical, while in the more heavily populated south it is subtropical. A substantial proportion of the school records reported weak positive reactions to preliminary tuberculin testing, believed to be due largely to atypical mycobacteria. A similar phenomenon has been observed in other tropical regions, and may help to explain the apparent absence of a strongly protective effect for BCG vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Patel
- Department of Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bang Y, Quader K, Abrahams E, Littlewood PB. Pairing by dynamic charge fluctuations in the extended Hubbard model. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:4865-4868. [PMID: 9996042 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|