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Rojas-Prats E, Martinez-Gonzalez L, Gil C, Ramírez D, Martinez A. Druggable cavities and allosteric modulators of the cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) kinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2301767. [PMID: 38205514 PMCID: PMC10786434 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2301767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 7 kinase (CDC7) has been found overexpressed in many cancer cell lines being also one of the kinases involved in the nuclear protein TDP-43 phosphorylation in vivo. Thus, inhibitors of CDC7 are emerging drug candidates for the treatment of oncological and neurodegenerative unmet diseases. All the known CDC7 inhibitors are ATP-competitives, lacking of selectivity enough for success in clinical trials. As allosteric sites are less conserved among kinase proteins, discovery of allosteric modulators of CDC7 is a great challenge and opportunity in this field.Using different computational approaches, we have here identified new druggable cavities on the human CDC7 structure and subsequently selective CDC7 inhibitors with allosteric modulation mainly targeting the pockets where the interaction between this kinase and its activator DBF4 takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rojas-Prats
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas -Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Martinez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas -Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de 13 Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas -Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas -Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de 13 Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Palomo V, Nozal V, Rojas-Prats E, Gil C, Martinez A. Protein kinase inhibitors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1316-1335. [PMID: 32737989 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that causes the progressive loss of motoneurons and, unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for this disease. Interconnecting multiple pathological mechanisms are involved in the neuropathology of this disease, including abnormal aggregation of proteins, neuroinflammation and dysregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Such complex mechanisms, together with the lack of reliable animal models of the disease have hampered the development of drugs for this disease. Protein kinases, a key pharmacological target in several diseases, have been linked to ALS as they play a central role in the pathology of many diseases. Therefore several inhibitors are being currently trailed for clinical proof of concept in ALS patients. In this review, we examine the recent literature on protein kinase inhibitors currently in pharmaceutical development for this diseaseas future therapy for AS together with their involvement in the pathobiology of ALS. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Nozal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Vaca G, Martinez-Gonzalez L, Fernandez A, Rojas-Prats E, Porras G, Cuevas EP, Gil C, Martinez A, Martin-Requero Á. Therapeutic potential of novel Cell Division Cycle Kinase 7 inhibitors on TDP-43-related pathogenesis such as Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). J Neurochem 2020; 156:379-390. [PMID: 32628315 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TDP-43 has been identified as the major component of protein aggregates found in affected neurons in FTLD-TDP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. TDP-43 is hyperphosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved in the C-terminus. CDC-7 was reported to phosphorylate TDP-43. There are no effective treatments for either FTLD-TDP or ALS, being a pressing need for the search of new therapies. We hypothesized that modulating CDC-7 activity with small molecules that are able to interfere with TDP-43 phosphorylation could be a good therapeutic strategy for these diseases. Here, we have studied the effects of novel brain penetrant, thiopurine-based, CDC-7 inhibitors in TDP-43 homeostasis in immortalized lymphocytes from FTLD-TDP patients, carriers of a loss-of-function GRN mutation, as well as in cells derived from sporadic ALS patients. We found that selective CDC-7 inhibitors, ERP1.14a and ERP1.28a, are able to decrease the enhanced TDP-43 phosphorylation in cells derived from FTLD-TDP and ALS patients and to prevent cytosolic accumulation of TDP-43. Moreover, treatment of FTLD-TDP lymphoblasts with CDC-7 inhibitors leads to recovering the nuclear function of TDP-43-inducing CDK6 repression. We suggest that CDC-7 inhibitors, mainly the heterocyclic compounds here shown, may be considered as promising drug candidates for the ALS/FTD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vaca
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Rojas-Prats
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Porras
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva P Cuevas
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Martin-Requero
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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