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De Massis F, Sacchini F, Averaimo D, Garofolo G, Lecchini P, Ruocco L, Lomolino R, Santucci U, Sgariglia E, Crotti S, Petrini A, Migliorati G, D'Alterio N, Gavaudan S, Tittarelli M. First Isolation of Brucella canis from a breeding kennel in Italy. Vet Ital 2021; 57:3. [PMID: 34641664 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.2497.15848.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Brucella canis has been isolated for the first time in Italy in a commercial breeding kennel. It was diagnosed after a deep investigation related to the onset of reproductive disorders. Animals were tested with direct and indirect techniques. The agent was first detected in two Chihuahua aborted foetuses by direct culture. Further, it was also isolated from blood samples of dogs hosted in the kennel, which also showed reaction to conventional serological tests (microplate serum agglutination test). The isolates were identified as B. canis by standard microbiological methods and a Bruce‑ladder multiplex PCR. To investigate the genomic diversity, whole genome sequencing was used, applying the core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST ). In a first round of serological testing performed on 598 animals, 269 (46.1%) tested positive. In the second round of laboratory testing carried out 4‑5 weeks apart, the number of serologically positive dogs was 241 out of 683 tested (35.3%), while the number of dogs positive to isolation was 68 out of 683 tested (10.0%). The PCR showed a lack of sensitivity when compared to direct isolation. The epidemiological investigation did not identify the source of the infection, given the time elapsed from the onset of abortions to the definitive diagnosis of B. canis infection in the kennel. The genomic analyses featured the strains as ST21 and, according to the cgMLST, revealed the presence of a tight cluster with a maximum diversity of four allelic differences. The observed limited genomic variation, largely within the known outbreak cut‑offs, suggests that the outbreak herein described was likely caused by a single introduction. Moreover, in a broader scale comparison using the public available genomes, we found that the closest genome, isolated in China, differed by more than 50 alleles making not possible to find out the likely origin of the outbreak. The lack of updated data on B. canis genome sequences in the public databases, together with the limited information retrieved from the epidemiological investigations on the outbreak, hampered identification of the source of B. canis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio De Massis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale".
| | - Flavio Sacchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale"
| | - Daniela Averaimo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale"
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale"
| | - Pierdavide Lecchini
- Direzione generale della sanità animale e dei farmaci veterinari, Ministero della Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Ruocco
- Direzione generale della sanità animale e dei farmaci veterinari, Ministero della Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Lomolino
- Direzione generale della sanità animale e dei farmaci veterinari, Ministero della Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Ugo Santucci
- Direzione generale della sanità animale e dei farmaci veterinari, Ministero della Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Sgariglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati"
| | - Silvia Crotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati"
| | - Antonio Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale"
| | - Giacomo Migliorati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale"
| | - Nicola D'Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale"
| | - Stefano Gavaudan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati"
| | - Manuela Tittarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale"
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Marenzoni ML, Momesso M, Marchesi MC, Manuali E, Pavone S, Sgariglia E, Tordo E, Vescera F, De Nicola G, Stefanetti V, Brachelente C. When the diagnosis of parvovirus in dogs and cats becomes challenging. Vet Ital 2020; 56. [PMID: 33382230 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.1415.7682.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Parvoviruses (PV) can cause outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality in dogs and cats. Even if typical cases exist in puppies and kittens, PV infection (PVI) can have many different clinical presentations, making the laboratory support necessary. The aim of this work was to evaluate retrospectively the frequency of misdiagnoses, particularly missed diagnoses, of PVI in 144 suspected cases (88 clinical cases and 56 necropsies) involving 96 dogs and 48 cats. A nested PCR test was chosen as the gold standard. An index of diagnostic suspicion (IDS) for PVI, based on parameters reported upon submittal of the samples, was introduced to classify the initial diagnoses issued by veterinarians. The agreement between the IDS of PVI and PCR results was calculated. The effect of species, age and clinical versus necroscopic presentation was evaluated by logistic regression. In 63.6% of the cases, the IDS was confirmed by the PCR, whereas in 36.4% there was a missed diagnosis or a diagnosis wrongly attributed to PVI. More accurate results were obtained for dogs, animals aged < 1 year, and necropsies. Parvovirus infection should be better investigated in patients with atypical or few clinical signs, in particular in cats and animals over 1 year old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Monica Momesso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Marchesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Umbria and Marche, via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Pavone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Umbria and Marche, via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Sgariglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Umbria and Marche, via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Tordo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.,Private Practitioner, Central Italy, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Vescera
- Private Practitioner, Central Italy, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Nicola
- Private Practitioner, Central Italy, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Mazzone A, Caffara M, Gustinelli A, Agnetti F, Sgariglia E, Lo Vaglio G, Quaglio F, Fioravanti ML. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Larval and Adult Stages of Eustrongylides excisus (Nematoda: Dioctophymatoidea) with Histopathological Observations. J Parasitol 2019. [PMID: 31738125 DOI: 10.1645/19-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Eustrongylides includes nematodes known as the etiological agent of the "big red worm disease." The aim of this work was to identify Eustrongylides spp. larvae from fish and adults from great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) sampled at Lake Trasimeno, Italy, by morphological and molecular analysis. Histopathological description of the lesions in birds was also provided. We described adults of Eustrongylides excisus for the first time in Italy, and we also linked larval stages 3 and 4 to adults. The use of molecular tools combined with the traditional taxonomy will help the identification of the species, including species inquirendae. Moreover, molecular analysis can also help to investigate the role of intermediate and paratenic hosts, to deepen the knowledge about geographical distribution of the different Eustrongylides spp. and to define the zoonotic potential of E. excisus, which has not yet been identified as causal agent of human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Mazzone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Monica Caffara
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Francesco Agnetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "T. Rosati," Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Sgariglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "T. Rosati," Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lo Vaglio
- USL Umbria 1, Igiene degli alimenti di origine animale, Area del Trasimeno, Via Belvedere 16, 06064 Panicale (PG), Italy
| | - Francesco Quaglio
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Maria L Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
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Sgariglia E, Aconiti Mandolini N, Napoleoni M, Medici L, Fraticelli R, Conquista M, Gianfelici P, Staffolani M, Fisichella S, Capuccella M, Sargenti M, Perugini G. Antibiotic resistance pattern and virulence genesin avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from different breeding systems. Vet Ital 2019; 55:26-33. [PMID: 30951179 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.1617.8701.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Colibacillosis is the most frequent bacterial disease in avian species and antimicrobials are the main weapon to reduce incidence and mortality associated to it. However, indiscriminate use of antibiotics may lead to therapy failure and economic losses for the breeder. The aims of this study were to, determine the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates, evaluate the correlation between E. coli isolation and systems of breeding included in this study, and identify the avian pathogenic E.coli (APEC) amongst the E. coli strains isolated. A total of 51 E. coli strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test and they were screened for the presence of virulence genes through PCR. Resistance was most frequently detected against ampicillin and nalidixic acid meanwhile E. coli isolates showed less resistance to the cephalosporins. Overall, 40% of the isolates showed resistance to at least three or more antimicrobials and 16/51 isolates were defined APEC strains. The virulence genes iucD, cvi/cva, irp2 and iss were detected from all 16 APEC strains. The virulence genes tsh, vat, papC, and astA were detected from 11, 7, 5 and 3 APEC strains, respectively. Results demonstrated the importance of studies on APEC and antibiotic resistance genes in Italy, and it was shown that the systems of breeding might influence the antibiotic resistanc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sgariglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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Rampacci E, Bottinelli M, Stefanetti V, Hyatt DR, Sgariglia E, Coletti M, Passamonti F. Antimicrobial susceptibility survey on bacterial agents of canine and feline urinary tract infections: Weight of the empirical treatment. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 13:192-196. [PMID: 29408407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work characterised the antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens isolated from empirically treated dogs and cats. Within-household transmission of uropathogens can involve humans and companion animals. Knowledge on the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of isolates from canine and feline urine samples and the impact of prior antimicrobial treatment is important to prevent the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted selecting antibiotic-treated companion animals. Urine samples were collected by cystocentesis and were submitted to an Italian diagnostic laboratory over a 2-year period (2013-2015). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was analysed both using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and a formula to help select rational antimicrobial therapy. RESULTS Gram-negative bacteria were clearly prevalent. Gentamicin had the highest impact factors. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and doxycycline appeared to be the most effective compounds against Gram-positive infections, whilst marbofloxacin may be a useful option against Gram-negative urinary tract infections (UTIs) as well as doxycycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in cats and dogs, respectively. Consulting published studies, a comparable overall trend regarding bacterial species incriminated in canine and feline UTIs and their susceptibilities seems likely, despite different circumstances where the studies were conducted. CONCLUSIONS Companion animals are potential reservoirs of drug-resistant uropathogens. Judicious use of antibiotics is necessary to maintain the efficacy of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring programmes are therefore essential to facilitate the choice of antimicrobial agent that is most likely to be effective, particularly in cases of prior antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - Marco Bottinelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, SCT1, Verona and Vicenza 37135, Italy
| | | | - Doreene R Hyatt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682, USA
| | - Elisa Sgariglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - Mauro Coletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06126, Italy.
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Stefanetti V, Beccati F, Passamonti F, Sgariglia E, Coletti M, Vuerich M, Marenzoni ML. Detection and DNA quantification of Enterococcus casseliflavus in a foal with septic meningitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 249:96-100. [PMID: 27308888 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 3-month-old 180-kg (396-lb) Hanoverian colt was examined because of fever, lethargy, inappetence, drooping of the left ear, and stiff neck posture. Initial treatment included empirical antimicrobial treatment and NSAIDs. CLINICAL FINDINGS Initial findings were consistent with CNS anomalies. Endoscopy revealed hyperemia, ecchymosis, and some mucopurulent exudate in the right guttural pouch. Hematologic findings were consistent with neutrophilic inflammation. On the third day of hospitalization, severe neurologic signs were observed. Computed tomography of the skull revealed a comminuted fracture of the axial aspect of the right mandibular condyle. Examination of CSF revealed turbidity, xanthochromia, and intracellular and extracellular cocci, consistent with septic meningitis. After DNA extraction from blood and CSF, sequenced products from a PCR assay for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were 99% identical to Enterococcus casseliflavus. Microbial culture of CSF and blood samples yielded bacteria with Enterococcus spp morphology; antimicrobials were selected on the basis of susceptibility testing that identified the isolate as vancomycin resistant. A quantitative PCR assay was used to estimate Enterococcus DNA concentrations in CSF and blood. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Treatment for E casseliflavus meningitis, including trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and ampicillin sodium administration, resulted in resolution of clinical signs. Culture of CSF and blood samples after 12 days of the targeted treatment yielded no growth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the authors' knowledge, this was the first report of E casseliflavus meningitis in a horse. Treatment was successful; vancomycin-resistant enterococci can be a clinical problem and may potentially be zoonotic.
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Stefanetti V, Miglio A, Cappelli K, Capomaccio S, Sgariglia E, Marenzoni ML, Antognoni MT, Coletti M, Mangili V, Passamonti F. Detection of bacterial contamination and DNA quantification in stored blood units in 2 veterinary hospital blood banks. Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:406-10. [PMID: 27642138 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood transfusions in veterinary medicine have become increasingly more common and are now an integral part of lifesaving and advanced treatment in small and large animals. Important risks associated with transfusion of blood products include the transmission of various infectious diseases. Several guidelines suggest what infectious agents to screen for in canine and feline transfusion medicine. However, while the risk of bacterial contamination of blood products during storage and administration has not been documented in veterinary medicine, it has emerged as a cause of morbidity and mortality in human transfusion medicine. Clinical experience shows that the majority of blood component bacterial contaminations are caused by only a few species. Unlike other types of bacteria, psychrotolerant species like Pseudomonas spp. and Serratia spp. can proliferate during the storage of blood units at 4°C from a very low titer at the time of blood collection to a clinically significant level (> 10(5) CFU/mL) causing clinical sepsis resulting from red blood cell concentrate transfusions in human medicine. The purpose of this report was to describe the detection and quantification procedures applied in 4 cases of bacterial contamination of canine and feline blood units, which suggest the need for further investigations to optimize patients' safety in veterinary transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Miglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Sgariglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria T Antognoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Coletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Mangili
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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