Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of α-D-mannan from the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus: evidence for a role in interleukin-6 inhibition

The management of inflammatory states typically involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opiates. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the processing of nociceptive information from potential alternatives such as some polysaccharides may enable new and meaningful therapeutic approaches. In this study, α-D-mannan isolated from the Kluyveromyces marxianus cell wall produced antinociceptive effects in models of inflammatory pain (formalin and complete Freund's adjuvant tests). Furthermore, α-D-mannan reduced paw edema and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production after carrageenan-induced inflammation. The polysaccharide α-D-mannan was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, and spectroscopic techniques. Moreover, the Doehlert experimental design was applied to find the optimal conditions for biomass production, with the best conditions being 10.8 g/L and 117 h for the glucose concentration and the fermentation time, respectively. These results indicate that α-D-mannan from K. marxianus exerts anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in mice, possibly via a mechanism dependent on the inhibition of IL-6 production.

Chemometrics applied to 1H NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy as a way to evaluate solid-liquid extraction of leaves of artichoke

Artichoke has several biological actions, which are related to the synergistic action of its bioactive compounds. Solid-liquid extraction influence the type and quantity of compounds extracted and, consequently, the biological activity of the plant extract. This study aims to investigate which extraction method (maceration, infusion, or Soxhlet) and which green solvent (ethanol or acetone) would be more suitable to obtain bioactive artichoke extracts. All solid-liquid procedures were carried out in triplicate, using 3.0 g of artichoke leaves and 200 mL of solvent. After drying, samples were analyzed by UV-Vis and ¹H NMR. Chemometrics was applied to spectroscopic data, and the PCA analysis showed that they were specially separated according to the solvent extractor. The sesquiterpene lactone cynaropicrin was identified as the major compound of the extracts, and this allowed us to conclude that the best solid-liquid procedure was Soxhlet, using ethanol as solvent.

α-D-mannan from Aureobasidium pullulans (CCMB 324): optimization extraction

Mannans has been attracted the interest in various sectors due to its promising applications. The low toxicity of mannans allows for their use in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. In this study, the α-D-mannan extraction conditions from Aureobasidium pullulans by alkaline extraction were optimized using a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The effect of temperature (°C), pH and extraction time (hours) on the yield of α-mannan was investigated. The conditions that produced the highest yield (26%) were a temperature of 92 °C, extraction time of 3 h and pH 13. In addition, the α-D-mannan structure was confirmed by methylation analysis, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, and GC-MS.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of α-d-mannan from Pseudozyma sp

Pseudozyma sp. are yeasts that are commercially important due to their production of glycolipid biosurfactants, squalene, itaconic acid, and exopolysaccharide. The search for other analgesia inducing drugs, such as opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as alternatives is beneficial. In this study, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of α-d-mannan were studied using acetic acid-induced writhing, open field test, formalin test, and carrageenan-induced paw oedema tests in mice. The α-d-mannan obtained from Pseudozyma sp. was confirmed by methylation analysis, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, and GC-MS. The results show that α-d-mannan from Pseudozyma sp. has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02635-1.

Synthesis and total 1H- and 13C-NMR assignment of cephem derivatives for use in ADEPT approaches

We report the synthesis and total NMR characterization of 5-thia-1-azabicyclo-[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[[[(4’’-nitrophenoxy)carbonyl]oxy]-methyl]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino]-diphenylmethyl ester-5-dioxide (5), a new cephalosporin derivative. This compound can be used as the carrier of a wide range of drugs containing an amino group. The preparation of the intermediate product, 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[methyl 4-(6-methoxyquinolin-8-ylamino)pentylcarbamate]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino]-diphenylmethyl ester-5-dioxide (6), as well as the synthesis of the antimalarial primaquine prodrug 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-3-[methyl 4-(6-methoxyquinolin-8-ylamino)pentylcarbamate]-8-oxo-7-[(2-thienyloxoacetyl)amino]- 5-dioxide (7) are also described, together with their total ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR assignments.