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Wang C, Nan J, Holvey-Bates E, Chen X, Wightman S, Latif MB, Zhao J, Li X, Sen GC, Stark GR, Wang Y. STAT2 hinders STING intracellular trafficking and reshapes its activation in response to DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216953120. [PMID: 37036972 PMCID: PMC10120020 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216953120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, endogenous or therapy-induced DNA damage leads to the abnormal presence of DNA in the cytoplasm, which triggers the activation of cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) and STING (stimulator of interferon genes). STAT2 suppresses the cGAMP-induced expression of IRF3-dependent genes by binding to STING, blocking its intracellular trafficking, which is essential for the full response to STING activation. STAT2 reshapes STING signaling by inhibiting the induction of IRF3-dependent, but not NF-κB-dependent genes. This noncanonical activity of STAT2 is regulated independently of its tyrosine phosphorylation but does depend on the phosphorylation of threonine 404, which promotes the formation of a STAT2:STING complex that keeps STING bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and increases resistance to DNA damage. We conclude that STAT2 is a key negative intracellular regulator of STING, a function that is quite distinct from its function as a transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyao Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Jing Nan
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Screening, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Elise Holvey-Bates
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Samantha Wightman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Muhammad-Bilal Latif
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ganes C Sen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - George R Stark
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Wang Y, Song Q, Huang W, Lin Y, Wang X, Wang C, Willard B, Zhao C, Nan J, Holvey-Bates E, Wang Z, Taylor D, Yang J, Stark GR. A virus-induced conformational switch of STAT1-STAT2 dimers boosts antiviral defenses. Cell Res 2020; 31:206-218. [PMID: 32759968 PMCID: PMC7405385 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) protect us from viral infections. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is a key component of interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), which drives gene expression in response to IFN-I. Using electron microscopy, we found that, in naive cells, U-STAT2, lacking the activating tyrosine phosphorylation, forms a heterodimer with U-STAT1 in an inactive, anti-parallel conformation. A novel phosphorylation of STAT2 on T404 promotes IFN-I signaling by disrupting the U-STAT1-U-STAT2 dimer, facilitating the tyrosine phosphorylation of STATs 1 and 2 and enhancing the DNA-binding ability of ISGF3. IKK-ε, activated by virus infection, phosphorylates T404 directly. Mice with a T-A mutation at the corresponding residue (T403) are highly susceptible to virus infections. We conclude that T404 phosphorylation drives a critical conformational switch that, by boosting the response to IFN-I in infected cells, enables a swift and efficient antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Qiaoling Song
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Screening, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Chenyao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Jing Nan
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Screening, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Elise Holvey-Bates
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Zhuoya Wang
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Derek Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - George R Stark
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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