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Shugg T, Ly RC, Osei W, Rowe EJ, Granfield CA, Lynnes TC, Medeiros EB, Hodge JC, Breman AM, Schneider BP, Sahinalp SC, Numanagić I, Salisbury BA, Bray SM, Ratcliff R, Skaar TC. Computational pharmacogenotype extraction from clinical next-generation sequencing. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1199741. [PMID: 37469403 PMCID: PMC10352904 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1199741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Next-generation sequencing (NGS), including whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES), is increasingly being used for clinic care. While NGS data have the potential to be repurposed to support clinical pharmacogenomics (PGx), current computational approaches have not been widely validated using clinical data. In this study, we assessed the accuracy of the Aldy computational method to extract PGx genotypes from WGS and WES data for 14 and 13 major pharmacogenes, respectively. Methods Germline DNA was isolated from whole blood samples collected for 264 patients seen at our institutional molecular solid tumor board. DNA was used for panel-based genotyping within our institutional Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments- (CLIA-) certified PGx laboratory. DNA was also sent to other CLIA-certified commercial laboratories for clinical WGS or WES. Aldy v3.3 and v4.4 were used to extract PGx genotypes from these NGS data, and results were compared to the panel-based genotyping reference standard that contained 45 star allele-defining variants within CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP4F2, DPYD, G6PD, NUDT15, SLCO1B1, TPMT, and VKORC1. Results Mean WGS read depth was >30x for all variant regions except for G6PD (average read depth was 29 reads), and mean WES read depth was >30x for all variant regions. For 94 patients with WGS, Aldy v3.3 diplotype calls were concordant with those from the genotyping reference standard in 99.5% of cases when excluding diplotypes with additional major star alleles not tested by targeted genotyping, ambiguous phasing, and CYP2D6 hybrid alleles. Aldy v3.3 identified 15 additional clinically actionable star alleles not covered by genotyping within CYP2B6, CYP2C19, DPYD, SLCO1B1, and NUDT15. Within the WGS cohort, Aldy v4.4 diplotype calls were concordant with those from genotyping in 99.7% of cases. When excluding patients with CYP2D6 copy number variation, all Aldy v4.4 diplotype calls except for one CYP3A4 diplotype call were concordant with genotyping for 161 patients in the WES cohort. Conclusion Aldy v3.3 and v4.4 called diplotypes for major pharmacogenes from clinical WES and WGS data with >99% accuracy. These findings support the use of Aldy to repurpose clinical NGS data to inform clinical PGx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Shugg
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Reynold C. Ly
- Division of Diagnostic Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Wilberforce Osei
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Rowe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Caitlin A. Granfield
- Division of Diagnostic Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ty C. Lynnes
- Division of Diagnostic Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth B. Medeiros
- Division of Diagnostic Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jennelle C. Hodge
- Division of Diagnostic Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amy M. Breman
- Division of Diagnostic Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bryan P. Schneider
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - S. Cenk Sahinalp
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ibrahim Numanagić
- Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Todd C. Skaar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Pratt VM, Wang WY, Boone EC, Broeckel U, Cody N, Edelmann L, Gaedigk A, Lynnes TC, Medeiros EB, Moyer AM, Mitchell MW, Scott SA, Starostik P, Turner A, Kalman LV. Characterization of Reference Materials for TPMT and NUDT15: A GeT-RM Collaborative Project. J Mol Diagn 2022; 24:1079-1088. [PMID: 35931342 PMCID: PMC9554816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic testing is increasingly provided by clinical and research laboratories; however, only a limited number of quality control and reference materials are currently available for many of the TPMT and NUDT15 variants included in clinical tests. To address this need, the Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-based Genetic Testing Reference Material (GeT-RM) coordination program, in collaboration with members of the pharmacogenetic testing and research communities and the Coriell Institute for Medical Research, has characterized 19 DNA samples derived from Coriell cell lines. DNA samples were distributed to four volunteer testing laboratories for genotyping using a variety of commercially available and laboratory developed tests and/or Sanger sequencing. Of the 12 samples characterized for TPMT, newly identified variants include TPMT∗2, ∗6, ∗12, ∗16, ∗21, ∗24, ∗32, ∗33, and ∗40; for the 7 NUDT15 reference material samples, newly identified variants are NUDT15∗2, ∗3, ∗4, ∗5, ∗6, and ∗9. In addition, a novel haplotype, TPMT∗46, was identified in this study. Preexisting data on an additional 11 Coriell samples, as well as some supplemental testing, were used to create comprehensive reference material panels for TPMT and NUDT15. These publicly available and well-characterized materials can be used to support the quality assurance and quality control programs of clinical laboratories performing clinical pharmacogenetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Pratt
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wendy Y Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Erin C Boone
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- RPRD Diagnostics, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, Section on Genomic Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Neal Cody
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Edelmann
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ty C Lynnes
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth B Medeiros
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ann M Moyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Stuart A Scott
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Stanford Healthcare, Palo Alto, California
| | - Petr Starostik
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amy Turner
- RPRD Diagnostics, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, Section on Genomic Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lisa V Kalman
- Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Pratt VM, Turner A, Broeckel U, Dawson DB, Gaedigk A, Lynnes TC, Medeiros EB, Moyer AM, Requesens D, Vetrini F, Kalman LV. Characterization of Reference Materials with an Association for Molecular Pathology Pharmacogenetics Working Group Tier 2 Status: CYP2C9, CYP2C19, VKORC1, CYP2C Cluster Variant, and GGCX: A GeT-RM Collaborative Project. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:952-958. [PMID: 34020041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic testing is increasingly available from clinical and research laboratories. However, only a limited number of quality control and other reference materials are currently available for many of the variants that are tested. The Association for Molecular Pathology Pharmacogenetic Work Group has published a series of papers recommending alleles for inclusion in clinical testing. Several of the alleles were not considered for tier 1 because of a lack of reference materials. To address this need, the Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-based Genetic Testing Reference Material (GeT-RM) program, in collaboration with members of the pharmacogenetic testing and research communities and the Coriell Institute for Medical Research, has characterized 18 DNA samples derived from Coriell cell lines. DNA samples were distributed to five volunteer testing laboratories for genotyping using three commercially available and laboratory developed tests. Several tier 2 variants, including CYP2C9∗13, CYP2C19∗35, the CYP2C cluster variant (rs12777823), two variants in VKORC1 (rs61742245 and rs72547529) related to warfarin resistance, and two variants in GGCX (rs12714145 and rs11676382) related to clotting factor activation, were identified among these samples. These publicly available materials complement the pharmacogenetic reference materials previously characterized by the GeT-RM program and will support the quality assurance and quality control programs of clinical laboratories that perform pharmacogenetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Pratt
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Amy Turner
- RPRD Diagnostics, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, Section on Genomic Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- RPRD Diagnostics, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, Section on Genomic Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - D Brian Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ty C Lynnes
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth B Medeiros
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ann M Moyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Francesco Vetrini
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lisa V Kalman
- Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Hargreaves KA, Pratt VM, Medeiros EB, Lynnes TC, Granfield CA, Skaar TC, Iwata-Otsubo A, Tillman EM. Tracheal Aspirate as an Alternative Biologic Sample for Pharmacogenomics Testing in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Patients. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:497-501. [PMID: 32702149 PMCID: PMC7993287 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients in the pediatric intensive care unit are exposed to multiple medications and are at high risk for adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing could help decrease their risk of adverse reactions. Although whole blood is preferred for PGx testing, blood volume in this population is often limited. However, for patients on mechanical ventilation, tracheal secretions are abundant, frequently suctioned, and discarded. Thus, the aim of this pilot study was to determine if tracheal aspirates could be used as a source of human genomic DNA for PGx testing. We successfully extracted DNA from tracheal secretions of all 23 patients in the study. The samples were successfully genotyped for 10 clinically actionable single nucleotide variants across 3 cytochrome P450 genes (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A5). Using DNA from whole blood samples in 11 of the patients, we confirmed the accuracy of the genotyping with 100% concordance. Therefore, our results support the use of tracheal aspirates from mechanically ventilated children as an adequate biospecimen for clinical genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Hargreaves
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Victoria M Pratt
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Medeiros
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ty C Lynnes
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Caitlin A Granfield
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Aiko Iwata-Otsubo
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Emma M Tillman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Collins KS, Metzger IF, Gufford BT, Lu JB, Medeiros EB, Pratt VM, Skaar TC, Desta Z. Influence of Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronosyltransferase Family 1 Member A1 and Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family 1 Member B1 Polymorphisms and Efavirenz on Bilirubin Disposition in Healthy Volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:169-175. [PMID: 31888882 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic administration of efavirenz is associated with decreased serum bilirubin levels, probably through induction of UGT1A1 We assessed the impact of efavirenz monotherapy and UGT1A1 phenotypes on total, conjugated, and unconjugated serum bilirubin levels in healthy volunteers. Healthy volunteers were enrolled into a clinical study designed to address efavirenz pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and pharmacogenetics. Volunteers received multiple oral doses (600 mg/day for 17 days) of efavirenz. Serum bilirubin levels were obtained at study entry and 1 week after completion of the study. DNA genotyping was performed for UGT1A1 [*80 (C>T), *6 (G>A), *28 (TA7), *36 (TA5), and *37 (TA8)] and for SLCO1B1 [*5 (521T>C) and *1b (388A>G] variants. Diplotype predicted phenotypes were classified as normal, intermediate, and slow metabolizers. Compared with bilirubin levels at screening, treatment with efavirenz significantly reduced total, conjugated, and unconjugated bilirubin. After stratification by UGT1A1 phenotypes, there was a significant decrease in total bilirubin among all phenotypes, conjugated bilirubin among intermediate metabolizers, and unconjugated bilirubin among normal and intermediate metabolizers. The data also show that UGT1A1 genotype predicts serum bilirubin levels at baseline, but this relationship is lost after efavirenz treatment. SLCO1B1 genotypes did not predict bilirubin levels at baseline or after efavirenz treatment. Our data suggest that efavirenz may alter bilirubin disposition mainly through induction of UGT1A1 metabolism and efflux through multidrug resistance-associated protein 2. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Efavirenz likely alters the pharmacokinetics of coadministered drugs, potentially causing lack of efficacy or increased adverse effects, as well as the disposition of endogenous compounds relevant in homeostasis through upregulation of UGT1A1 and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2. Measurement of unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin during new drug development may provide mechanistic understanding regarding enzyme and transporters modulated by the new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S Collins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (K.S.C., I.F.M., B.T.G., J.L., T.C.S., Z.D.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (E.B.M., V.M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ingrid F Metzger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (K.S.C., I.F.M., B.T.G., J.L., T.C.S., Z.D.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (E.B.M., V.M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brandon T Gufford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (K.S.C., I.F.M., B.T.G., J.L., T.C.S., Z.D.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (E.B.M., V.M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jessica B Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (K.S.C., I.F.M., B.T.G., J.L., T.C.S., Z.D.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (E.B.M., V.M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth B Medeiros
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (K.S.C., I.F.M., B.T.G., J.L., T.C.S., Z.D.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (E.B.M., V.M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Victoria M Pratt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (K.S.C., I.F.M., B.T.G., J.L., T.C.S., Z.D.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (E.B.M., V.M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (K.S.C., I.F.M., B.T.G., J.L., T.C.S., Z.D.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (E.B.M., V.M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Zeruesenay Desta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (K.S.C., I.F.M., B.T.G., J.L., T.C.S., Z.D.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (E.B.M., V.M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Swart M, Stansberry WM, Pratt VM, Medeiros EB, Kiel PJ, Shen F, Schneider BP, Skaar TC. Analytical Validation of Variants to Aid in Genotype-Guided Therapy for Oncology. J Mol Diagn 2019; 21:491-502. [PMID: 30794985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 require that pharmacogenetic genotyping methods need to be established according to technical standards and laboratory practice guidelines before testing can be offered to patients. Testing methods for variants in ABCB1, CBR3, COMT, CYP3A7, C8ORF34, FCGR2A, FCGR3A, HAS3, NT5C2, NUDT15, SBF2, SEMA3C, SLC16A5, SLC28A3, SOD2, TLR4, and TPMT were validated in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-accredited laboratory. Because no known reference materials were available, existing DNA samples were used for the analytical validation studies. Pharmacogenetic testing methods developed here were shown to be accurate and 100% analytically sensitive and specific. Other Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-accredited laboratories interested in offering pharmacogenetic testing for these genetic variants, related to genotype-guided therapy for oncology, could use these publicly available samples as reference materials when developing and validating new genetic tests or refining current assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marelize Swart
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wesley M Stansberry
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Victoria M Pratt
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Elizabeth B Medeiros
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patrick J Kiel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fei Shen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bryan P Schneider
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Stansberry WM, Swart M, Medeiros EB, Skaar TC, Pratt VM. Report of Confirmation of the rs7853758 and rs885004 Haplotype in SLC28A3. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:652-655. [PMID: 30351207 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To validate a laboratory-developed test for the nucleoside transporter, SLC28A3, which has been associated with an increased risk of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. METHODS We used Taqman® allele discrimination to test for two variants of the SLC28A3 gene: rs7853758 (c.1381C>T) and rs885004 (c.862-360C>T). RESULTS During the validation process, we noted that several DNA samples obtained from the Coriell Cell Repository (Camden, NJ) were positive for both the c.1381 C > T and c.862-360C>T variants and another variant allele for either c.1381 C > T or c.862-360C>T (e.g., c.1381C>T homozygous/c.862-360C>T heterozygous, c.1381C>T homozygous/c.862-360C>T homozygous). We used de-identified DNA samples from trios of family members (mother, father, and child) to establish that the c.1381 C > T and c.862-360C>T variant alleles could be inherited in cis on the same chromosome. CONCLUSIONS Samples containing three variant alleles suggest that the c.1381 C > T and c.862-360C>T are in cis on the chromosome in some individuals and may have implications when calculating anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy risk. In this study, we confirm a novel haplotype of SLC28A3 using familial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M Stansberry
- 1 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marelize Swart
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth B Medeiros
- 1 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Todd C Skaar
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Victoria M Pratt
- 1 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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