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Al Azzawi M, Kelly O, Welaratne I, McGuire A, Sartini-Bhreathnach A, Stanley E, Kell M, Stokes M, Barry M, Walsh S, Heeney A. Localisation using multiple magnetic seeds in unilateral breast surgery. Ir Med J 2024; 117:924. [PMID: 38526068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
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2
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Abou L, Worobey LA, Rigot SK, Stanley E, Rice LA. Reliability of home-based remote and self-assessment of transfers using the Transfer Assessment Instrument among wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2023; 9:10. [PMID: 36990980 PMCID: PMC10060131 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-023-00567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reliability of home-based remote and self-assessment of transfer quality using the Transfer Assessment Instrument (TAI) among wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING Participant's home environment. METHODS Eighteen wheelchair users with SCI transferred from their wheelchair to a surface of their choice (bed, sofa, or bench) in their homes. During a live video conference, the transfer was recorded and evaluated live using the TAI (rater 1). Participants completed a self-assessment of their transfer using the TAI- questionnaire (TAI-Q). Two additional raters (raters 2 & 3) completed asynchronous assessments by watching recorded videos. Interrater reliability was assessed using Intraclass Coefficient Correlations (ICC) to compare rater 1 with the average of raters 2 & 3 and TAI-Q. Intrarater reliability was assessed by rater 1 completing another TAI by watching the recorded videos after a 4-week delay. Assessments were compared using paired sample t-tests and level of agreement between TAI scores was evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Moderate to good interrater and good intrarater reliability were found for the total TAI score with ICCs: 0.57-0.90 and 0.90, respectively. Moderate to good intrarater and interrater reliability were found for all TAI subscores (ICC: 0.60-0.94) except for interrater reliability of flight/landing which was poor (ICC: 0.20). Bland-Altman plots indicate no systematic bias related to the measurement of error. CONCLUSIONS The TAI is a reliable outcome measure for assessing the wheelchair and body setup phases of home-based transfers remotely and through self-assessment among individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libak Abou
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lynn A Worobey
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bioengineering, and Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie K Rigot
- Max Näder Center for Rehabilitation Technologies and Outcomes Research and Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stanley
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura A Rice
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Center for Health, Aging and Disability, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
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3
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Plant R, Stanley E, Dukelow T, Kayyal Y, Aherne E. 85 ESTABLISHING AN EMERGENCY PERIOPERATIVE FOR OLDER PERSONS SERVICE (POPS) IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL SETTING: EARLY DATA. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Evidence supports the role of geriatricians in perioperative settings. The success of orthogeriatrics has encouraged geriatric input into other surgical services. The British Geriatrics Society recommends early geriatric assessment for patients undergoing laparotomy as a means to improve older adult outcomes. We present the initial data of our Perioperative Older Person Service (POPS) that aims to standardise a clinical pathway for older adults admitted under an emergency surgical service using Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA).
Methods
We obtained an additional a whole-time equivalent geriatric registrar to facilitate establishing the POPS.
Inclusion criteria for assessment included those over 75 either admitted under an emergency surgical consultant, or awaiting a surgical assessment in the emergency department. A geriatrician performed a CGA for these patients.
We collected data including; demographics, diagnosis; premorbid frailty status (Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score 2 weeks prior to admission); polypharmacy; 4AT score; admission and discharge destination; procedure performed; 30-day readmission rate; ICU admission; and 90-day mortality. Extra information was gathered using free-text to identify additional geriatric interventions.
Results
At time of submission the service has assessed 15 patients over 21 days. 46% (7/15) were female, 54% (8/15) were male.
53% (8/15) of patients underwent CGA on the day of admission. 100% patients were assessed within 72 hours of their admission.
46% (7/15) had a CFS ≥4.
26% (4/15) were identified as delirious as per 4AT.
18.7% (3/16) had a procedure performed during their admission.
We identified polypharmacy in 73% (11/15).46% (7/15) were discharged with reduced medication burden.
CGA prompted new advanced care planning decisions in 40% (6/15) of patients.
Conclusion
Although the service is in its infancy, the above data is encouraging. Through early identification of frailty and timely CGA, we anticipate this service will ensure the delivery of geriatrically-attuned care to frail older people and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Plant
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - E Stanley
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - T Dukelow
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - Y Kayyal
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - E Aherne
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
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4
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Abstract
Introduction Thyroid radiation shields are often uncovered by the surgical gown and may represent a preventable source of wound contamination. The aims of this study are to define the common pathogens found on thyroid radiation shields and evaluate the effectiveness of a simple cleaning method. Methods Samples were obtained from 29 community thyroid shields collected from the operating theatres of 3 teaching hospitals. Each shield was swabbed under strict sterile technique using a separate swab for each of 4 designated zones. After sampling, shields were cleaned with a readily available disinfectant and sampling was repeated after 5 min. All swabs were cultured in ambient air at 37 °C on 5% sheeps blood agar for 48 hrs and subsequent growth was identified by a MALDI-TOF Walkaway mass spectrometer. Results Before cleaning, 100% of thyroid shields (29/29) and 68% of shield zones (79/116) grew at least 1 type of bacteria. Coagulase negative staphylococci, including S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. cohnii, S. haemolyticus and S. hominis, were most commonly isolated. Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus were also cultured. After cleaning, culturable contamination was reduced by 86.3% and 64.5%, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion The most common pathogens associated with SSIs can be isolated on thyroid radiation shields. Appropriate cleaning of thyroid shields with readily available disinfectant can significantly reduce the bacterial burden as detectable by culture. Hospitals should facilitate staff education and reinforce their policies on cleaning these shields which may often be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J M Broderick
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Stanley
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Curran
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
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5
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Tian P, Abberton K, Elefanty A, Stanley E, Hollands J, Thompson L, Elwood N. Production of iPSCs from a small volume of cryopreserved human umbilical cord blood buffy coat under “gmp-compliant” conditions. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Bui M, Thom RP, Hurwitz S, Levy-Carrick NC, O'Reilly M, Wilensky D, Talmasov D, Blanchfield B, Vaidya V, Kakoza R, Klompas M, Stanley E, Gitlin D, Massaro A. Hospital Length of Stay With a Proactive Psychiatric Consultation Model in the Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Analysis. Psychosomatics 2019; 60:263-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Elwood N, Abberton K, Tian P, Elefanty A, Stanley E, Youngson J, Diviney M, Holdsworth R, Tiedemann K, Little M. Expanding cellular therapies through provision of A cord blood—derived ipsc haplobank. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Abstract
The significant concept of ‘crimmigration’ has evolved to explain how criminal and immigration laws have begun to merge, expanding state powers to surveil, control and punish. States use crimmigration processes to reinforce cultural, political and moral boundaries. In doing so, states frequently displace principles of punishment or rights in favour of promoting compliance, security or belonging. In relation to the case of New Zealanders detained–deported from Australia, this article illustrates new forms of crimmigration. First, crimmigration is expanding in a context of neoliberal responsibilization. Given the gradual removal of economic supports or political inclusion, ‘non-citizens’ share a deeply precarious space, and more groups are being made ‘at risk’ of crimmigration interventions. Once likely to focus upon certain populations, especially on ‘race’ or nationality grounds, crimmigration now engages all ‘non-citizens’. Second, crimmigration has expanded to include pre-emption – ‘non-citizens’ are targeted not just on account of their criminal behaviours but also their perceived associations, ‘risky’ behaviours or suspicious associations. Finally, and third, crimmigration strategies have expanded across borders, in ways that fundamentally distort established legal principles on the ever-shifting grounds of security. The contagion of crimmigration creates multiple punishments for ‘non-citizens’ that far surpass the nature of their offending or their ‘risk’ to society.
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Byrne D, Sugrue G, Stanley E, Walsh JP, Murphy S, Kavanagh EC, MacMahon PJ. Improved Detection of Anterior Circulation Occlusions: The "Delayed Vessel Sign" on Multiphase CT Angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1911-1916. [PMID: 28798219 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Multiphase CTA, a technique to dynamically assess the vasculature in acute ischemic stroke, was primarily developed to evaluate collateral filling. We have observed that it is also useful in identifying distal anterior circulation occlusions due to delayed anterior circulation opacification on multiphase CTA, an observation we term the "delayed vessel sign." We aimed to determine the usefulness of this sign by comparing multiphase CTA with single-phase CTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS All 23 distal anterior circulation occlusions during a 2-year period were included. Ten M1-segment occlusions and 10 cases without a vessel occlusion were also included. All patients had follow-up imaging confirming the diagnosis. Initially, the noncontrast CT and first phase of the multiphase CTA study for each patient were blindly evaluated (2 neuroradiologists, 2 radiology trainees) for an anterior circulation occlusion. Readers' confidence, speed, and sensitivity of detection were recorded. Readers were then educated on the "delayed vessel sign," and each multiphase CTA study was re-examined for a vessel occlusion after at least 14 days. RESULTS There was significant improvement in the sensitivity of detection of distal anterior circulation vessel occlusions (P < .001), overall confidence (P < .001), and time taken to interpret (P < .001) with multiphase CTA compared with single-phase CTA. Readers preferred MIP images compared with source images in >90% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The delayed vessel sign is a reliable indicator of anterior circulation vessel occlusion, particularly in cases involving distal branches. Assessment of the later phases of multiphase CTA for the delayed vessel sign leads to a significant improvement in the speed and confidence of interpretation, compared with single-phase CTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Byrne
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.B., G.S., E.S., E.C.K., P.J.M.)
| | - G Sugrue
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.B., G.S., E.S., E.C.K., P.J.M.)
| | - E Stanley
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.B., G.S., E.S., E.C.K., P.J.M.)
| | - J P Walsh
- Department of Radiology (J.P.W.), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Murphy
- Stroke Medicine (S.M.), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine (S.M., E.C.K., P.J.M.), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School (S.M.), Dublin, Ireland
| | - E C Kavanagh
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.B., G.S., E.S., E.C.K., P.J.M.).,School of Medicine (S.M., E.C.K., P.J.M.), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P J MacMahon
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.B., G.S., E.S., E.C.K., P.J.M.).,School of Medicine (S.M., E.C.K., P.J.M.), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Jha AP, Witkin JE, Morrison AB, Rostrup N, Stanley E. Short-Form Mindfulness Training Protects Against Working Memory Degradation over High-Demand Intervals. J Cogn Enhanc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-017-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Jenkins BJ, Seyssel K, Chiu S, Pan PH, Lin SY, Stanley E, Ament Z, West JA, Summerhill K, Griffin JL, Vetter W, Autio KJ, Hiltunen K, Hazebrouck S, Stepankova R, Chen CJ, Alligier M, Laville M, Moore M, Kraft G, Cherrington A, King S, Krauss RM, de Schryver E, Van Veldhoven PP, Ronis M, Koulman A. Odd Chain Fatty Acids; New Insights of the Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota, Dietary Intake, Biosynthesis and Glucose Intolerance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44845. [PMID: 28332596 PMCID: PMC5362956 DOI: 10.1038/srep44845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have shown an inverse association between circulating C15:0/C17:0 fatty acids with disease risk, therefore, their origin needs to be determined to understanding their role in these pathologies. Through combinations of both animal and human intervention studies, we comprehensively investigated all possible contributions of these fatty acids from the gut-microbiota, the diet, and novel endogenous biosynthesis. Investigations included an intestinal germ-free study and a C15:0/C17:0 diet dose response study. Endogenous production was assessed through: a stearic acid infusion, phytol supplementation, and a Hacl1−/− mouse model. Two human dietary intervention studies were used to translate the results. Finally, a study comparing baseline C15:0/C17:0 with the prognosis of glucose intolerance. We found that circulating C15:0/C17:0 levels were not influenced by the gut-microbiota. The dose response study showed C15:0 had a linear response, however C17:0 was not directly correlated. The phytol supplementation only decreased C17:0. Stearic acid infusion only increased C17:0. Hacl1−/− only decreased C17:0. The glucose intolerance study showed only C17:0 correlated with prognosis. To summarise, circulating C15:0 and C17:0 are independently derived; C15:0 correlates directly with dietary intake, while C17:0 is substantially biosynthesized, therefore, they are not homologous in the aetiology of metabolic disease. Our findings emphasize the importance of the biosynthesis of C17:0 and recognizing its link with metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Jenkins
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Seyssel
- Lyon University, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sally Chiu
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, United States of America
| | - Pin-Ho Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth Stanley
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsanna Ament
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James A West
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Summerhill
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstrasse 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Stéphane Hazebrouck
- UMR CEA-INRA Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91991 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Renata Stepankova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Science, Novy Hradek, 549 22, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Maud Alligier
- Lyon University, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Lyon University, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mary Moore
- 702 Light Hall, Dept. of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Kraft
- 702 Light Hall, Dept. of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, United States of America
| | - Alan Cherrington
- 702 Light Hall, Dept. of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, United States of America
| | - Sarah King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, United States of America
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, United States of America
| | - Evelyn de Schryver
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Campus Gasthuisberg - KU Leuven, Herestraat Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Campus Gasthuisberg - KU Leuven, Herestraat Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Ronis
- College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology &Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Centre 1901 Perdido Str., New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Albert Koulman
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL. Affiliated with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Level 4, Laboratory Block, Cambridge University Hospitals, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent pandemic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has led to the realisation that new drug targets are needed to either reduce obesity or the subsequent pathophysiological consequences associated with excess weight gain. Certain nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) play a pivotal role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and have been highlighted as potential treatments for obesity. This realisation started a search for NR agonists in order to understand and successfully treat MetS and associated conditions such as insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and cardiovascular disease. The most studied NRs for treating metabolic diseases are the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and PPAR-δ. However, prolonged PPAR treatment in animal models has led to adverse side effects including increased risk of a number of cancers, but how these receptors change metabolism long term in terms of pathology, despite many beneficial effects shorter term, is not fully understood. In the current study, changes in male Sprague Dawley rat liver caused by dietary treatment with a PPAR-pan (PPAR-α, -γ, and -δ) agonist were profiled by classical toxicology (clinical chemistry) and high throughput metabolomics and lipidomics approaches using mass spectrometry. RESULTS In order to integrate an extensive set of nine different multivariate metabolic and lipidomics datasets with classical toxicological parameters we developed a hypotheses free, data driven machine learning approach. From the data analysis, we examined how the nine datasets were able to model dose and clinical chemistry results, with the different datasets having very different information content. CONCLUSIONS We found lipidomics (Direct Infusion-Mass Spectrometry) data the most predictive for different dose responses. In addition, associations with the metabolic and lipidomic data with aspartate amino transaminase (AST), a hepatic leakage enzyme to assess organ damage, and albumin, indicative of altered liver synthetic function, were established. Furthermore, by establishing correlations and network connections between eicosanoids, phospholipids and triacylglycerols, we provide evidence that these lipids function as a key link between inflammatory processes and intermediary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Acharjee
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK.,The Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Ament
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
| | - James A West
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Elizabeth Stanley
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK. .,The Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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13
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Watson GA, Kelly D, Prior L, Stanley E, MacEneaney O, Walsh T, Kelly CM. An unusual case of basal cell carcinoma of the vulva with lung metastases. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2016; 18:32-35. [PMID: 27830172 PMCID: PMC5094149 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanomatous skin cancer, typically arising in sun-exposed areas such as the head and neck. Defective signaling through the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway forms the molecular basis for BCC. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Basal cell carcinoma of the genital tract is rare as is metastatic BCC. We report a case of metastatic BCC in a young woman with previously resected vulval BCC presenting six years later with inguinal nodal recurrence and multiple lung metastases. This case describes a rare case of basal cell carcinoma of the vulva. In addition, metastatic spread to the lungs is another rare occurrence. Multidisciplinary team discussion is paramount in guiding management. Vismodegib is an exciting new treatment option for advanced disease. Vigilant monitoring and/or early surgical excision of any suspicious skin lesions is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Watson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - D Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - L Prior
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - E Stanley
- Department of Radiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - O MacEneaney
- Department of Pathology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - T Walsh
- Department of Gynaecology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - C M Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
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14
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Ament Z, West JA, Stanley E, Ashmore T, Roberts LD, Wright J, Nicholls AW, Griffin JL. PPAR-pan activation induces hepatic oxidative stress and lipidomic remodelling. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:357-68. [PMID: 26654758 PMCID: PMC4891066 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand activated nuclear receptors that regulate cellular homoeostasis and metabolism. PPARs control the expression of genes involved in fatty-acid and lipid metabolism. Despite evidence showing beneficial effects of their activation in the treatment of metabolic diseases, particularly dyslipidaemias and type 2 diabetes, PPAR agonists have also been associated with a variety of side effects and adverse pathological changes. Agonists have been developed that simultaneously activate the three PPAR receptors (PPARα, γ and δ) in the hope that the beneficial effects can be harnessed while avoiding some of the negative side effects. In this study, the hepatic effects of a discontinued PPAR-pan agonist (a triple agonist of PPAR-α, -γ, and -δ), was investigated after dietary treatment of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The agonist induced liver enlargement in conjunction with metabolomic and lipidomic remodelling. Increased concentrations of several metabolites related to processes of oxidation, such as oxo-methionine, methyl-cytosine and adenosyl-methionine indicated increased stress and immune status. These changes are reflected in lipidomic changes, and increased energy demands as determined by free fatty acid (decreased 18:3 n-3, 20:5 n-3 and increased ratios of n-6/n-3 fatty acids) triacylglycerol, phospholipid (decreased and increased bulk changes respectively) and eicosanoid content (increases in PGB2 and 15-deoxy PGJ2). We conclude that the investigated PPAR agonist, GW625019, induces liver enlargement, accompanied by lipidomic remodelling, oxidative stress and increases in several pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. This suggests that such pathways should be monitored in the drug development process and also outline how PPAR agonists induce liver proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Ament
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - James A West
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Elizabeth Stanley
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Tom Ashmore
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Lee D Roberts
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Jayne Wright
- Jayne Wright Ltd., Underhill House, Ledbury, Herefordshire HR8 2QR, UK
| | - Andrew W Nicholls
- GlaxoSmithKline, Investigative Preclinical Toxicology, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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Abstract
Millions of microbes are found in the human gut, and are collectively referred as the gut microbiota. Recent studies have estimated that the microbiota genome contains 100-fold more genes than the host genome. These microbiota contribute to digestion by processing energy substrates unutilized by the host, with about half of the total genome of the gut microbiota being related to central carbon and amino acid metabolism as well as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Therefore, the gut microbiome and its interaction with the host influences many aspects of health and disease, including the composition of biofluids such as urine and blood plasma. Metabolomics is uniquely suited to capture these functional host-microbe interactions. This review aims at providing an overview of recent metabolomics evidence of gut microbiota-host metabolic interactions with a specific focus on cardiovascular disease and related aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, the emphasis is given on the complexities of translating these metabolite signatures as potential clinical biomarkers, as the composition and activity of gut microbiome change with many factors, particularly with diet, with special reference to trimethylamine-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian L Griffin
- From the Department of Lipid Profiling and Signalling, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (J.L.G., X.W., E.S.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (J.L.G., X.W.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- From the Department of Lipid Profiling and Signalling, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (J.L.G., X.W., E.S.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (J.L.G., X.W.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Stanley
- From the Department of Lipid Profiling and Signalling, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (J.L.G., X.W., E.S.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (J.L.G., X.W.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Chan J, Stanley E. The structure of nickel dithionate hexahydrate. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1970.132.16.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Craig A, Lee J, Sharma N, Chitu V, Stanley E. Mast cells play a key role in autoinflammatory disease development in PSTPIP2-deficient cmo mice (BA7P.141). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.115.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by fevers, bone lesions, and skin lesions. A CRMO-like disease develops in cmo mice, which harbor a mutation in proline serine threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2). Loss of PSTPIP2 in cmo mice has been linked to elevated macrophage and osteoclast activation, and IL-1β-dependent disease progression. Since mast cells were detected in cmo lesions, we have tested the role of mast cells in cmo disease. In diseased cmo mice, increased connective tissue mast cells were observed in both normal skin and within skin lesions. Crossing cmo mice with a transgenic model of mast cell deficiency (Mcpt5-Cre:Rosa26-Stopfl/fl-DTa) resulted in mice (cmo/MC-) that were protected from developing cmo disease, including skin lesions and joint swelling. Fewer osteolytic lesions were also observed in cmo/MC- mice by micro-computed tomography. Within these tissues, cmo/MC- mice had reduced levels of IL-1β, and less activated immune cells in popliteal lymph nodes compared to cmo. Intravital microscopy experiments on young cmo mice revealed increased leukocyte recruitment in response to lipopolysaccharide compared to cmo/MC- and wild-type mice. Together, these results implicate mast cells in promoting leukocyte recruitment to inflamed tissues during autoinflammatory disease progession, and suggest that therapies targeting mast cells or their mediators may benefit CRMO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Craig
- 1Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J.H. Lee
- 1Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Namit Sharma
- 1Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Violeta Chitu
- 2Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein Col. of Med., Bronx, NY
| | - E. Stanley
- 2Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein Col. of Med., Bronx, NY
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Stanley E, Broderick J, Synnott K, McCarthy J, Smith E, Reid V, Colreavy F, Carton E. Successful weaning from mechanical ventilation using phrenic nerve stimulation. Ir J Med Sci 2013; 183:149-50. [PMID: 23925925 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-013-0989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Stanley
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,
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Broderick JM, Bruce-Brand R, Stanley E, Mulhall KJ. Osteoporotic hip fractures: the burden of fixation failure. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:515197. [PMID: 23476139 PMCID: PMC3580900 DOI: 10.1155/2013/515197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic hip fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Furthermore, reduced implant anchorage in osteoporotic bone predisposes towards fixation failure and with an ageing population, even low failure rates represent a significant challenge to healthcare systems. Fixation failure in fragility fractures of the hip ranges from 5% in peritrochanteric fractures through to 15% and 41% in undisplaced and displaced fractures of the femoral neck, respectively. Our findings, in general, support the view that failed internal fixation of these fragility fractures carries a poor prognosis: it leads to a twofold increase in the length of hospital stay and a doubling of healthcare costs. Patients are more likely to suffer a downgrade in their residential status upon discharge with a consequent increase in social dependency. Furthermore, the marked disability and reduction in quality of life evident before salvage procedures may persist at long-term followup. The risk, of course, for the elderly patient with a prolonged period of decreased functioning is that the disability becomes permanent. Despite this, however, no clear link between revision surgery and an increase in mortality has been demonstrated in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Broderick
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. le Fras N. Mouton
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch; South; Africa
| | - A. F. Flemming
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch; South; Africa
| | - E. Stanley
- The Richard Gilder Graduate School; American Museum of Natural History; New York; USA
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Ye L, Mayberry R, Stanley E, Elefanty A, Gargett C. 134. DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS TO MULLERIAN TISSUE. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/srb10abs134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human uterus develops from the distal Mullerian Duct, a derivative of the mesoderm germ layer. Unlike other mammalian species (eg. mouse) the endometrium of the human uterus develops prenatally during gestation. Little is known about the developmental process involved. A better understanding of human endometrial development may shed light on the mechanisms involved in endometrial regeneration and pathogenesis of adult proliferative endometrial diseases. Mouse neonatal uterine mesenchyme (mNUM) is inductive and can maintain the phenotype of normal adult human endometrial epithelial cells [1]. Both adult human endometrial stroma and neonatal mouse endometrial mesenchyme secrete growth factors of the TGF-beta family including BMPs which have been shown to play an important role in differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (HESC) [2, 3]. Hypothesis: mNUM will direct differentiation of HESC to form Mullerian Duct-like epithelium. Aim: to investigate the role of mNUM in differentiating HESC in vitro and in vivo using A tissue recombination technique. Method: Embryoid bodies (EB) were formed from GFP labelled HESC (ENVY) and GFP-MIXL1 HESC reporter line [4, 5] and recombined with 2 × 0.5 mm pieces of day 1 epithelial cell-free mNUM. Recombinant tissues were either harvested for gene expression analysis or grafted under the kidney capsule of NOD/SCID mice. Results: We found by qRT-PCR that mNUM induces HESC to form mesendoderm/mesoderm progenitors in vitro, obligate intermediates of the developing Mullerian Duct. After further incubation in vivo under the guidance of mNUM, HESC differentiated to form duct-like structures comprising mesoepithelial cells that co-expressed several key developmental proteins of the Mullerian Duct including Emx2, Pax2, Hoxa10, CA125, and also intermediate filament markers such as CK8/18, Vimentin (n = 8). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated for the first time that mNUM can direct HESC to form a mesodermally derived epithelium that is Mullerian Duct-like, providing a novel model for studying human uterine development.
(1) Kurita T, et al., The activation function-1 domain of estrogen receptor alpha in uterine stromal cells is required for mouse but not human uterine epithelial response to estrogen. Differentiation, 2005. 73(6): 313–22.(2) Hu J, Gray CA, Spencer TE, Gene expression profiling of neonatal mouse uterine development. Biol Reprod, 2004. 70(6): 1870–6.(3) Stoikos CJ, et al., A distinct cohort of the TGFbeta superfamily members expressed in human endometrium regulate decidualization. Hum Reprod, 2008. 23(6): 1447–56.(4) Davis R, et al., Targeting a GFP reporter gene to the MIXL1 locus of human embryonic stem cells identifies human primitive streak-like cells and enables isolation of primitive hematopoietic precursors. Blood, 2008. 111(4): 1876–84.(5) Costa M, et al., The hESC line Envy expresses high levels of GFP in all differentiated progeny. Nat Methods, 2005. 2(4): 259–60.
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Gaudet P, Lane L, Fey P, Bridge A, Poux S, Auchincloss A, Axelsen K, Braconi Quintaje S, Boutet E, Brown P, Coudert E, Datta RS, de Lima WC, de Oliveira Lima T, Duvaud S, Farriol-Mathis N, Ferro Rojas S, Feuermann M, Gateau A, Hinz U, Hulo C, James J, Jimenez S, Jungo F, Keller G, Lemercier P, Lieberherr D, Moinat M, Nikolskaya A, Pedruzzi I, Rivoire C, Roechert B, Schneider M, Stanley E, Tognolli M, Sjölander K, Bougueleret L, Chisholm RL, Bairoch A. Collaborative annotation of genes and proteins between UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and dictyBase. Database (Oxford) 2009; 2009:bap016. [PMID: 20157489 PMCID: PMC2790310 DOI: 10.1093/database/bap016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, a curated protein database, and dictyBase, the Model Organism Database for Dictyostelium discoideum, have established a collaboration to improve data sharing. One of the major steps in this effort was the ‘Dicty annotation marathon’, a week-long exercise with 30 annotators aimed at achieving a major increase in the number of D. discoideum proteins represented in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. The marathon led to the annotation of over 1000 D. discoideum proteins in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. Concomitantly, there were a large number of updates in dictyBase concerning gene symbols, protein names and gene models. This exercise demonstrates how UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot can work in very close cooperation with model organism databases and how the annotation of proteins can be accelerated through those collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gaudet
- dictyBase, Northwestern University Biomedical Informatics Center and Center for Genetic Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, Swiss-Prot group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, The EMBL Outstation, The European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK, QB3 Institute and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven St NW, Suite 1200, Washington DC 20007, USA and Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, CMU, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Ye L, Mayberry R, Stanley E, Elefanty A, Gargett C. 100. IN VIVO DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS TO UTERINE TISSUE. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/srb09abs100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endometrium undergoes cyclic regeneration. This regeneration has been attributed to adult stem progenitor cells and developmental mechanisms [1, 2]. A better understanding of human endometrial development may shed light on the mechanisms involved in endometrial regeneration and on early origins of adult endometrial disease. The lack of human fetal endometrial tissue has impeded research in early human endometrial development. We hypothesized that directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to human endometrial tissue by neonatal mouse uterine mesenchyme represents a novel system to study early development of human endometrium. Recent studies have shown that the neonatal mouse uterine mesenchyme is extremely inductive and undergoes reciprocal signalling with human endometrial epithelial cells [3]. Our aim is to establish a xenograft tissue recombination protocol based on a model for human prostate tissue differentiation using hESC [4]. Our method involved formation of embryoid body (EB) with GFP labelled hESC (ENVY) [5] for recombination with 2x0.5mm pieces of epithelial-free uterine mesenchyme from postnatal day 1 mice. Upon fusion in culture, the recombinant tissue is grafted under the kidney capsule of NOD/SCID mice for 4-12 weeks and monitored by in-vivo imaging. Immunohistochemical analysis of recombinant grafts 4 weeks post transplantation (n=4) revealed immature CK8+CK18+Hoxa10+ human epithelial cells surrounded by mouse mesenchymal cells suggesting differentiation of hESC to epithelial cells possibly of endometrial lineage. The ER+PR+SMA+Hoxa10+ mouse mesenchymal cells surrounding human glands differentiated into SMA+ cells possibly via reciprocal signalling from human epithelial cells. At 8 weeks, we found several CK18+/Hoxa10+ human glands co-expressing CA125. These glands are supported by Hoxa10+ human stromal cells. Further experiments are underway to induce the expression of ER and PR in Hoxa10+ epithelial cells which will be crucial in revealing their endometrial lineage.
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Abdelmageed R, Labyad N, Watson DG, Pournamdari M, Cable CG, Stanley E. Evaluation of the stability of morphine sulphate in combination with Instillagel®. J Clin Pharm Ther 2008; 33:263-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Matthews E, Tan SV, Fialho D, Sweeney MG, Sud R, Haworth A, Stanley E, Cea G, Davis MB, Hanna MG. What causes paramyotonia in the United Kingdom? Common and new SCN4A mutations revealed. Neurology 2008; 70:50-3. [PMID: 18166706 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000287069.21162.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical and genetic features in a large cohort of UK patients with sodium channel paramyotonia congenita. METHODS We conducted a UK-wide clinical and molecular genetic study of patients presenting with a phenotype suggestive of paramyotonia congenita. RESULTS We identified 42 affected individuals (28 kindreds). All cases met our core criteria for a clinical diagnosis of paramyotonia congenita. Seventy-five percent of patients (32 patients/20 kindreds) had SCN4A mutations. Twenty-nine subjects from 18 kindreds had exon 22 and 24 mutations, confirming these exons to be hot spots. Unexpectedly, 3 of these subjects harbored mutations previously described with potassium-aggravated myotonia (G1306A, G1306E). We identified two new mutations (R1448L and L1436P). Ten cases (8 kindreds) without mutations exhibited paramyotonia congenita with prominent pain and weakness. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies two new mutations, confirms SCN4A as a common cause of paramyotonia congenita in the UK, and suggests further allelic and possibly genetic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Matthews
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Fialho D, Schorge S, Pucovska U, Davies NP, Labrum R, Haworth A, Stanley E, Sud R, Wakeling W, Davis MB, Kullmann DM, Hanna MG. Chloride channel myotonia: exon 8 hot-spot for dominant-negative interactions. Brain 2007; 130:3265-74. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Fialho
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S. Schorge
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - U. Pucovska
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - N. P. Davies
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - R. Labrum
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. Haworth
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - E. Stanley
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - R. Sud
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - W. Wakeling
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - M. B. Davis
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D. M. Kullmann
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - M. G. Hanna
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology, UCL and National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London and 2Department of Neurology, Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Asanuma Y, Oeser A, Stanley E, Stein C. Reduction in C-reactive protein stimulated interleukin-6 production by an hmg coenzyme-a reductase inhibitor (statin). Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(03)90367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Roposch A, Reis M, Molina M, Davids J, Stanley E, Wilkins K, Chambers HG. Supracondylar fractures of the humerus associated with ipsilateral forearm fractures in children: a report of forty-seven cases. J Pediatr Orthop 2001; 21:307-12. [PMID: 11371811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Supracondylar fractures of the humerus associated with ipsilateral forearm fractures are uncommon and treatment recommendations are controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pin fixation of both fracture components, humerus and forearm, would improve the outcome. In a two-center trial, 884 children sustaining supracondylar fractures of the humerus were retrospectively reviewed, and 47 (5.3%) showed associated ipsilateral forearm fractures. Of those, 29 underwent Kirschner-wire fixation of the forearm fracture, and 18 of the forearm fractures were treated with casting alone. Three of the 18 forearm fractures with casting alone reangulated. There were no reangulations in the patients who had pin fixation of their fractures. There were no complications due to pin fixation in the humerus or the forearm. In unstable supracondylar humerus and forearm fractures, stabilization with pin fixation to prevent reangulation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roposch
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Children's Hospital and Health Center, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California 92123, USA
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Biben C, Weber R, Kesteven S, Stanley E, McDonald L, Elliott DA, Barnett L, Köentgen F, Robb L, Feneley M, Harvey RP. Cardiac septal and valvular dysmorphogenesis in mice heterozygous for mutations in the homeobox gene Nkx2-5. Circ Res 2000; 87:888-95. [PMID: 11073884 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.87.10.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the cardiac homeobox gene, NKX2-5, underlie familial cases of atrial septal defect (ASD) with severe atrioventricular conduction block. In this study, mice heterozygous for Nkx2-5-null alleles were assessed for analogous defects. Although ASD occurred only rarely, atrial septal dysmorphogenesis was evident as increased frequencies of patent foramen ovale and septal aneurysm, and decreased length of the septum primum flap valve. These parameters were compounded by genetic background effects, and in the 129/Sv strain, septal dysmorphogenesis bordered on ASD in 17% of Nkx2-5 heterozygotes. In a proportion of neonatal heterozygotes, as well as in adults with ASD, we found that the size of the foramen ovale was significantly enlarged and altered in shape, potentially exposing the normally thin septum primum to excessive hemodynamic forces. Therefore, defective morphogenesis of the septum secundum may be one contributing factor in the generation of patent foramen ovale, septal aneurysm, and certain ASDs. Mild prolongation of P-R interval in females and an increased frequency of stenotic bicuspid aortic valves were also features of the Nkx2-5 heterozygous phenotype. Our data demonstrate that the complex effects of Nkx2-5 haploinsufficiency in mice are weaker but convergent with those in humans. As in the mouse, the phenotype of human NKX2-5 mutations may be modulated by interacting alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Biben
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
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McFadyen IJ, Chetty U, Setchell KD, Zimmer-Nechemias L, Stanley E, Miller WR. A randomized double blind-cross over trial of soya protein for the treatment of cyclical breast pain. Breast 2000; 9:271-6. [PMID: 14732177 DOI: 10.1054/brst.1999.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty patients with cyclical breast pain were enrolled in a double-blind cross-over trial in which either a soy protein drink or a flavoured cow's milk was taken orally each day for 3 months before crossing over to the alternate drink for a further 3 months. Records of pain scores were taken throughout the study. Blood was also taken before and after 3 and 6 months for the measurement of phytoestrogents to assess compliance. Two women withdrew from the study at the outset leaving 18 evaluable patients who completed the study. Of these 10 (56%) felt that soy protein improved breast pain (two of whom received soy as first treatment) and two (11%) felt that cow's milk alleviated symptoms (one receiving this as first preparation) and the remaining six (33%) experienced no relief of pain with either dietary preparation. Blood levels of diadzein and genistein were elevated after the ingestion of soy protein in only 13 patients (seven of whom felt that soy improved their breast pain); in the remaining five patients (three of whom suggested that soy protein improved breast pain) phytoestrogen levels were no higher than pretreatment values. Although the ingestion of soy protein may be associated with relief of breast pain, these results illustrate the problem of non-specific effects in studies of mastalgia in that 1) cow's milk also relieved breast pain in some patients and 2) that the benefits of soy protein were not always associated with evidence of elevated circulating levels of phyto-estrogens, indicating the difficulty of compliance in dietary intervention studies using soy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J McFadyen
- Longmore Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburg, UK
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Stanley E. Competencies for hospital librarians. Natl Netw 2000; 24:12-3, 20. [PMID: 11973912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Stanley
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Stanley E, Walsh L, van der Zwet A, Fitzgerald GF, van Sinderen D. Identification of four loci isolated from two Streptococcus thermophilus phage genomes responsible for mediating bacteriophage resistance. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 182:271-7. [PMID: 10620678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb08907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence data derived from the Streptococcus thermophilus phages phiO1205 and phi7201 indicated that each of these phages contains a distinct DNA region dedicated to replication. Southern blotting experiments showed that phages infecting S. thermophilus may be divided into at least two groups, each containing the presumptive replication functions of either φO1205 (group I) or φ7201 (group II). Specific regions from the putative replication module of each of the two phages were examined for their ability to provide phage resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stanley
- National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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39
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Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ1205 is the lysogenic host for the temperate phage phi O1205. A derivative of CNRZ1205 was isolated which was cured of phi O1205 and this strain was used to construct a re-lysogenised derivative. Pulse field gel electrophoresis and sequencing of the attachment site regions confirmed that excision and re-integration of the phage was a site-specific event. Interestingly, cells from the cured, as well as its re-lysogenised derivative, were found to have a very long chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stanley
- National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland
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40
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Sheehan MM, Stanley E, Fitzgerald GF, van Sinderen D. Identification and characterization of a lysis module present in a large proportion of bacteriophages infecting Streptococcus thermophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:569-77. [PMID: 9925584 PMCID: PMC91063 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.2.569-577.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A lysis module encoded by the temperate bacteriophage phiO1205 was identified. This lysis module contains a lysin gene, designated lyt51, and two putative holin-encoding genes, designated lyt49 and lyt50. lyt51 encodes a lytic enzyme specifically directed against streptococcal cell walls. Similar to other phage-encoded lysins, Lyt51 appears to have a modular design in which the N-terminal portion corresponds to its enzymatic activity while the C-terminal region is responsible for its substrate binding specificity. The two putative holin-encoding genes, lyt49 and lyt50, located immediately upstream of lyt51, were identified on the basis of their homology to other identified holin-encoding genes. Expression of lyt49 or lyt50 in Escherichia coli was shown to cause cell death and leakage of the intracellular enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase into the growth medium without apparent lysis of the cells. Southern blotting experiments demonstrated that at least one of the three components of the identified lysis module is present in all members of a large collection of bacteriophages, indicating that components of this lysis module are widespread among bacteriophages infecting Streptococcus thermophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Sheehan
- The National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lah
- AMRAD Operations Pty Ltd., Richmond, Victoria, Australia
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Stanley E, Biben C, Kotecha S, Fabri L, Tajbakhsh S, Wang CC, Hatzistavrou T, Roberts B, Drinkwater C, Lah M, Buckingham M, Hilton D, Nash A, Mohun T, Harvey RP. DAN is a secreted glycoprotein related to Xenopus cerberus. Mech Dev 1998; 77:173-84. [PMID: 9831647 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report that DAN, a potential cell cycle regulator and tumour suppressor, is a secreted glycoprotein related to Xenopus cerberus. DAN, cerberus, its mouse relative Cer-1/cer-l/Cerberus-like/Cerr1, and the recently described factor DRM/Gremlin, appear to be members of the cystine knot superfamily, which includes TGFbetas and BMPs. Like cerberus and mCer-1, DAN-induced cement glands as well as markers of anterior neural tissue and endoderm in Xenopus animal cap assays, features of BMP signalling blockade. During mouse embryogenesis, Dan was expressed from E8.5 in cranial mesenchyme and somites, then later in limb and facial mesenchyme. The pattern in somites was highly dynamic, with transcripts initially localized to the caudal half of the nascent epithelial somite, then, after maturation, to sclerotomal cells adjacent to the neural tube. Dan was also expressed in the developing myotome. The expression domains include sites in which BMP inhibition is known to be important for development. Thus, DAN appears to be a secreted factor belonging to the cystine knot superfamily, and one of a growing number of antagonists acting to modulate BMP signalling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stanley
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Post Office, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stanley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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Biben C, Stanley E, Fabri L, Kotecha S, Rhinn M, Drinkwater C, Lah M, Wang CC, Nash A, Hilton D, Ang SL, Mohun T, Harvey RP. Murine cerberus homologue mCer-1: a candidate anterior patterning molecule. Dev Biol 1998; 194:135-51. [PMID: 9501024 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1997.8812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xenopus cerberus (Xcer) is a cytokine expressed in anterior mesendoderm overlapping and surrounding Spemann's gastrula organiser. When misexpressed in blastomeres, Xcer can induce ectopic heads with well-defined brain, cement gland, olfactory placodes, cyclopic eye, and occasionally liver and heart. We report here the identification of mCer-1, a murine gene related to cerberus. Both mCer-1 and Xcer appear to belong to the cystine knot superfamily, which includes TGF beta s and BMPs. In Xenopus animal cap assays, mCer-1 and Xcer induced cement glands and markers of anterior neural tissue and endoderm, characteristic of BMP inhibition. Furthermore, both antagonised the ventrolateral mesoderm-inducing activity of coexpressed BMP4. In mouse embryos, mCer-1 was expressed at early gastrulation in a stripe of primitive endoderm along the future anterior side of the egg cylinder, a region essential for anterior patterning. A second phase of expression was detected in anterior embryonic mesendoderm, and by late-streak stages most of the anterior half of the embryo was positive, except for the node and cardiac progenitors. Expression was later seen in the cranial portion of the two most-recently formed somites and in two stripes within presomitic mesoderm. In embryos lacking Otx2, a homeogene with a demonstrated role in anterior patterning, mCer-1 was still expressed in an anterior zone, although often abnormally. The data suggest that mCer-1 shares structural, functional, and expression characteristics with Xcer and may participate in patterning the anterior of the embryo and nascent somite region, in part, through a BMP-inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Biben
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Stanley E, Fitzgerald GF, Marrec CL, Fayard B, van Sinderen D. Sequence analysis and characterization of phi O1205, a temperate bacteriophage infecting Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ1205. Microbiology (Reading) 1997; 143 ( Pt 11):3417-3429. [PMID: 9387220 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-143-11-3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of phi O1205, a temperate bacteriophage infecting Streptococcus thermophilus strain CNRZ1205, was determined. The phage genome has a unit length of 43,075 bp and appears to be packaged by the so-called headful mechanism. The genomic organization and structure of phi O1205 resemble those of several temperate lactococcal phages that display a life-cycle-specific organization, where ORFs believed to be involved in the lysogenic life-cycle are clustered and arranged in an orientation opposite to the ORFs supposedly involved in the lytic life-cycle. Database searches revealed putative functions for several identified ORFs and further indicated that phi O1205 is genetically related to a particular group of lactococcal phages. Three genes encoding the major structural proteins were identified on the phi O1205 genome. The phage attachment site attP, the bacterial attachment site attB, and the two phage/chromosome junctions attL and attR were identified and found to contain a 40 bp common core sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Stanley
- National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College,Cork,Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, University College,Cork,Ireland
| | - Gerald F Fitzgerald
- National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College,Cork,Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, University College,Cork,Ireland
| | | | - Blandine Fayard
- National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College,Cork,Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College,Cork,Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, University College,Cork,Ireland
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Le Marrec C, van Sinderen D, Walsh L, Stanley E, Vlegels E, Moineau S, Heinze P, Fitzgerald G, Fayard B. Two groups of bacteriophages infecting Streptococcus thermophilus can be distinguished on the basis of mode of packaging and genetic determinants for major structural proteins. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:3246-53. [PMID: 9251212 PMCID: PMC168623 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.8.3246-3253.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparative study of 30 phages of Streptococcus thermophilus was performed based on DNA restriction profiles, DNA homology, structural proteins, packaging mechanisms, and host range data. All phages exhibited distinct DNA restriction profiles, with some phages displaying similarly sized restriction fragments. DNA homology was shown to be present among all 30 phages. The phages could be divided into two groups on the basis of their packaging mechanism as was derived from the appearance of submolar DNA fragments in restriction enzyme digests and the presence (cos-containing phages) or absence (pac-containing phages) of cohesive genomic extremities. Interestingly, the 19 identified cos-containing phages possessed two major structural proteins (32 and 26 kDa) in contrast to the remaining 11 pac-containing phages, which possessed three major structural proteins (41, 25, and 13 kDa). Southern hybridization demonstrated that all pac-containing phages tested contain homologs of the genes encoding the three major structural proteins of the pac-containing phage O1205, whereas all cos-containing phages tested exhibit homology to the gene specifying one of the structural components of the cos-containing phage phi 7201. Fifty-seven percent of the phages (both cos and pac containing) possessed the previously identified 2.2-kb EcoRI fragment of the temperate S. thermophilus phage Sfi18 (H. Brüssow, A. Probst, M. Frémont, and J. Sidoti, Virology 200:854-857, 1994). No obvious correlation was detected between grouping based on packaging mechanism and host range data obtained with 39 industrial S. thermophilus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Le Marrec
- Microbiology Department, University College Cork, Ireland
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47
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Stanley E. Identifying potential benchmarking partners. Natl Netw 1996; 20:20-1. [PMID: 10155844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Sotirellis N, Johnson TM, Hibbs ML, Stanley IJ, Stanley E, Dunn AR, Cheng HC. Autophosphorylation induces autoactivation and a decrease in the Src homology 2 domain accessibility of the Lyn protein kinase. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:29773-80. [PMID: 8530369 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.50.29773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyn is a member of the Src family of protein-tyrosine kinases that can readily undergo autophosphorylation in vitro. The site of autophosphorylation is Tyr397 which corresponds to the consensus autophosphorylation site of other Src family tyrosine kinases. The rate of autophosphorylation is concentration-dependent, indicating that the reaction follows an intermolecular mechanism. Autophosphorylation results in a 17-fold increase in protein-tyrosine kinase activity. Kinetic analysis demonstrates that phosphorylation of a substrate peptide by Lyn following autophosphorylation occurs with a 63-fold decrease in Km but no significant change in Vmax, suggesting that autophosphorylation relieves the conformational constraint that prevents binding of the substrate peptide to the active site of the kinase. Using a phosphotyrosine-containing peptide (pYEEI) that has previously been shown to bind to the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of Src family tyrosine kinases with high affinity, we found that autophosphorylation results in a significant decrease in accessibility of the Lyn SH2 domain, indicating that conformational changes in the protein kinase domain induced by autophosphorylation can be propagated to the SH2 domain. Our study suggests that autophosphorylation plays an important role in regulating Lyn by modulating both its kinase activity and its interaction with other phosphotyrosine-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sotirellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bansil
- Center for Polymer Studies, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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50
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Abstract
The Lyn gene encodes a PTK that is believed to participate in the transduction of signals from a variety of cell membrane receptors. Here we report the genomic organisation of the mouse Lyn gene and show that, while the promoter and exons 11-13 are present in single copy, sequences corresponding to the first coding exon are duplicated and this duplication extends into intron 10. Two sets of genomic clones representing the duplicated regions have been isolated and characterised. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these clones has revealed minimal sequence divergence between the two, suggesting that the duplication is a recent event. This is supported by Southern blot analysis of DNA from other mammalian species showing that the duplication is confined to the mouse. Aside from the duplicated sequences, the overall structure of the mouse Lyn gene is similar to that of other Src family members. These data suggest that the process of duplication which generated the Src family of PTK is an ongoing process and provide an insight into the molecular evolution of this group of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Hibbs
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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