1
|
Clarke RA, Govindaraju H, Beretta M, Olzomer E, Lawther AJ, Walker AK, Fang Z, Eapen V, Hyams TC, Killingsworth M, Bridge W, Turner N, Siddiqui KS. Immp2l Enhances the Structure and Function of Mitochondrial Gpd2 Dehydrogenase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:990. [PMID: 38256063 PMCID: PMC10815762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
'Inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase 2 like' (IMMP2L) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial peptidase that has been conserved through evolutionary history, as has its target enzyme, 'mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2' (GPD2). IMMP2L is known to cleave the mitochondrial transit peptide from GPD2 and another nuclear-encoded mitochondrial respiratory-related protein, cytochrome C1 (CYC1). However, it is not known whether IMMP2L peptidase activates or alters the activity or respiratory-related functions of GPD2 or CYC1. Previous investigations found compelling evidence of behavioural change in the Immp2lKD-/- KO mouse, and in this study, EchoMRI analysis found that the organs of the Immp2lKD-/- KO mouse were smaller and that the KO mouse had significantly less lean mass and overall body weight compared with wildtype littermates (p < 0.05). Moreover, all organs analysed from the Immp2lKD-/- KO had lower relative levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS). The kidneys of the Immp2lKD-/- KO mouse displayed the greatest decrease in mitoROS levels that were over 50% less compared with wildtype litter mates. Mitochondrial respiration was also lowest in the kidney of the Immp2lKD-/- KO mouse compared with other tissues when using succinate as the respiratory substrate, whereas respiration was similar to the wildtype when glutamate was used as the substrate. When glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) was used as the substrate for Gpd2, we observed ~20% and ~7% respective decreases in respiration in female and male Immp2lKD-/- KO mice over time. Together, these findings indicate that the respiratory-related functions of mGpd2 and Cyc1 have been compromised to different degrees in different tissues and genders of the Immp2lKD-/- KO mouse. Structural analyses using AlphaFold2-Multimer further predicted that the interaction between Cyc1 and mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome b (Cyb) in Complex III had been altered, as had the homodimeric structure of the mGpd2 enzyme within the inner mitochondrial membrane of the Immp2lKD-/- KO mouse. mGpd2 functions as an integral component of the glycerol phosphate shuttle (GPS), which positively regulates both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Interestingly, we found that nonmitochondrial respiration (NMR) was also dramatically lowered in the Immp2lKD-/- KO mouse. Primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines derived from the Immp2lKD-/- KO mouse displayed a ~27% decrease in total respiration, comprising a ~50% decrease in NMR and a ~12% decrease in total mitochondrial respiration, where the latter was consistent with the cumulative decreases in substrate-specific mediated mitochondrial respiration reported here. This study is the first to report the role of Immp2l in enhancing Gpd2 structure and function, mitochondrial respiration, nonmitochondrial respiration, organ size and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A. Clarke
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.K.W.); (V.E.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (Z.F.); (T.C.H.); (M.K.)
- Academic Unit of Infant Child and Adolescent Services (AUCS), South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Hemna Govindaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (H.G.); (N.T.)
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.B.); (E.O.); (W.B.)
| | - Ellen Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.B.); (E.O.); (W.B.)
| | - Adam J. Lawther
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia;
| | - Adam K. Walker
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.K.W.); (V.E.)
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia;
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Zhiming Fang
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (Z.F.); (T.C.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.K.W.); (V.E.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (Z.F.); (T.C.H.); (M.K.)
- Academic Unit of Infant Child and Adolescent Services (AUCS), South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Tzipi Cohen Hyams
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (Z.F.); (T.C.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Murray Killingsworth
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (Z.F.); (T.C.H.); (M.K.)
- NSW Health Pathology, Liverpool Hospital Campus, Liverpool, NSW 2107, Australia
| | - Wallace Bridge
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.B.); (E.O.); (W.B.)
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (H.G.); (N.T.)
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.B.); (E.O.); (W.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murray JH, Burgio AL, Beretta M, Hargett SR, Harris TE, Olzomer E, Grams RJ, Garcia CJ, Li C, Salamoun JM, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. Oxadiazolopyridine Derivatives as Efficacious Mitochondrial Uncouplers in the Prevention of Diet-Induced Obesity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3876-3895. [PMID: 36882080 PMCID: PMC10167758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule mitochondrial uncouplers are gaining recognition as potential therapeutics for metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Specifically, heterocycles derived from BAM15, a potent and mitochondria-selective uncoupler, have yielded promising preclinical candidates that are efficacious in animal models of obesity and NASH. In this study, we report the structure-activity relationship studies of 6-amino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-ol derivatives. Using oxygen consumption rate as a readout of mitochondrial uncoupling, we established 5-hydroxyoxadiazolopyridines as mild uncouplers. In particular, SHM115, which contains a pentafluoro aniline, had an EC50 value of 17 μM and exhibited 75% oral bioavailability. SHM115 treatment increased the energy expenditure and lowered the body fat mass in two diet-induced obesity mouse models, including an obesity prevention model and an obesity reversal model. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of mild mitochondrial uncouplers for the prevention of diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ariel L Burgio
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Ellen Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Catherine Li
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Flynn MC, Kraakman MJ, Tikellis C, Lee MKS, Hanssen NMJ, Kammoun HL, Pickering RJ, Dragoljevic D, Al-Sharea A, Barrett TJ, Hortle F, Byrne FL, Olzomer E, McCarthy DA, Schalkwijk CG, Forbes JM, Hoehn K, Makowski L, Lancaster GI, El-Osta A, Fisher EA, Goldberg IJ, Cooper ME, Nagareddy PR, Thomas MC, Murphy AJ. Transient Intermittent Hyperglycemia Accelerates Atherosclerosis by Promoting Myelopoiesis. Circ Res 2020; 127:877-892. [PMID: 32564710 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Treatment efficacy for diabetes mellitus is largely determined by assessment of HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin A1c) levels, which poorly reflects direct glucose variation. People with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus spend >50% of their time outside the optimal glucose range. These glucose variations, termed transient intermittent hyperglycemia (TIH), appear to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the pathological basis for this association is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether TIH per se promotes myelopoiesis to produce more monocytes and consequently adversely affects atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS To create a mouse model of TIH, we administered 4 bolus doses of glucose at 2-hour intervals intraperitoneally once to WT (wild type) or once weekly to atherosclerotic prone mice. TIH accelerated atherogenesis without an increase in plasma cholesterol, seen in traditional models of diabetes mellitus. TIH promoted myelopoiesis in the bone marrow, resulting in increased circulating monocytes, particularly the inflammatory Ly6-Chi subset, and neutrophils. Hematopoietic-restricted deletion of S100a9, S100a8, or its cognate receptor Rage prevented monocytosis. Mechanistically, glucose uptake via GLUT (glucose transporter)-1 and enhanced glycolysis in neutrophils promoted the production of S100A8/A9. Myeloid-restricted deletion of Slc2a1 (GLUT-1) or pharmacological inhibition of S100A8/A9 reduced TIH-induced myelopoiesis and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data provide a mechanism as to how TIH, prevalent in people with impaired glucose metabolism, contributes to cardiovascular disease. These findings provide a rationale for continual glucose control in these patients and may also suggest that strategies aimed at targeting the S100A8/A9-RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) axis could represent a viable approach to protect the vulnerable blood vessels in diabetes mellitus. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Flynn
- From the Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.C.F., M.J.K., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., D.D., A.A.-S., F.H., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology (M.C.F., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Kraakman
- From the Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.C.F., M.J.K., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., D.D., A.A.-S., F.H., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York (M.J.K.)
| | - Christos Tikellis
- Diabetes (C.T., R.J.P., A.E.-O., M.E.C., M.C.T.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Man K S Lee
- From the Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.C.F., M.J.K., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., D.D., A.A.-S., F.H., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology (M.C.F., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nordin M J Hanssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM, School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (N.M.J.H., C.G.S.)
| | - Helene L Kammoun
- From the Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.C.F., M.J.K., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., D.D., A.A.-S., F.H., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology (M.C.F., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raelene J Pickering
- Diabetes (C.T., R.J.P., A.E.-O., M.E.C., M.C.T.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dragana Dragoljevic
- From the Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.C.F., M.J.K., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., D.D., A.A.-S., F.H., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annas Al-Sharea
- From the Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.C.F., M.J.K., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., D.D., A.A.-S., F.H., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- Division of Cardiology (T.J.B., E.A.F., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Fiona Hortle
- From the Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.C.F., M.J.K., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., D.D., A.A.-S., F.H., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (F.L.B., E.O., K.H.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Ellen Olzomer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (F.L.B., E.O., K.H.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Domenica A McCarthy
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (D.A.M., J.M.F.)
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM, School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (N.M.J.H., C.G.S.)
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (D.A.M., J.M.F.)
| | - Kyle Hoehn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (F.L.B., E.O., K.H.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Liza Makowski
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (L.M.)
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- From the Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.C.F., M.J.K., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., D.D., A.A.-S., F.H., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology (M.C.F., M.K.S.L., H.L.K., G.I.L., A.J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Diabetes (C.T., R.J.P., A.E.-O., M.E.C., M.C.T.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.E.-O.).,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (A.E.-O.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital (A.E.-O.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (A.E.-O.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology (T.J.B., E.A.F., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Cardiology (T.J.B., E.A.F., I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Diabetes (C.T., R.J.P., A.E.-O., M.E.C., M.C.T.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Merlin C Thomas
- Diabetes (C.T., R.J.P., A.E.-O., M.E.C., M.C.T.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia (A.J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|