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Koehn LM, Dziegielewska KM, Møllgård K, Saudrais E, Strazielle N, Ghersi-Egea JF, Saunders NR, Habgood MD. Developmental differences in the expression of ABC transporters at rat brain barrier interfaces following chronic exposure to diallyl sulfide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5998. [PMID: 30979952 PMCID: PMC6461637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pregnant women and prematurely born infants require medication for clinical conditions including cancer, cardiac defects and psychiatric disorders. In adults drug transfer from blood into brain is mostly restricted by efflux mechanisms (ATP-binding cassette, ABC transporters). These mechanisms have been little studied during brain development. Here expression of eight ABC transporters (abcb1a, abcb1b, abcg2, abcc1, abcc2, abcc3, abcc4, abcc5) and activity of conjugating enzyme glutathione-s-transferase (GST) were measured in livers, brain cortices (blood-brain-barrier) and choroid plexuses (blood-cerebrospinal fluid, CSF, barrier) during postnatal rat development. Controls were compared to animals chronically injected (4 days, 200 mg/kg/day) with known abcb1a inducer diallyl sulfide (DAS). Results reveal both tissue- and age-dependent regulation. In liver abcb1a and abcc3 were up-regulated at all ages. In cortex abcb1a/b, abcg2 and abcc4/abcc5 were up-regulated in adults only, while in choroid plexus abcb1a and abcc2 were up-regulated only at P14. DAS treatment increased GST activity in livers, but not in cortex or choroid plexuses. Immunocytochemistry of ABC transporters at the CSF-brain interface showed that PGP and BCRP predominated in neuroepithelium while MRP2/4/5 were prominent in adult ependyma. These results indicate an age-related capacity of brain barriers to dynamically regulate their defence mechanisms when chronically challenged by xenobiotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M Koehn
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katarzyna M Dziegielewska
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kjeld Møllgård
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elodie Saudrais
- IBIP facility and Fluid team, Lyon Neuroscience Research center, NSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon-1, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Strazielle
- IBIP facility and Fluid team, Lyon Neuroscience Research center, NSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon-1, Lyon, France.,Brain-I, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Francois Ghersi-Egea
- IBIP facility and Fluid team, Lyon Neuroscience Research center, NSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon-1, Lyon, France
| | - Norman R Saunders
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mark D Habgood
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Saudrais E, Strazielle N, Ghersi-Egea JF. Choroid plexus glutathione peroxidases are instrumental in protecting the brain fluid environment from hydroperoxides during postnatal development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C445-C456. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00094.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide, released at low physiological concentration, is involved in different cell signaling pathways during brain development. When released at supraphysiological concentrations in brain fluids following an inflammatory, hypoxic, or toxic stress, it can initiate lipid peroxidation, protein, and nucleic acid damage and contribute to long-term neurological impairment associated with perinatal diseases. We found high glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymatic activities in both lateral and fourth ventricle choroid plexus tissue isolated from developing rats, in comparison to the cerebral cortex and liver. Consistent with these, a high protein expression of glutathione peroxidases 1 and 4 was observed in choroid plexus epithelial cells, which form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Live choroid plexuses isolated from newborn rats were highly efficient in detoxifying H2O2 from mock cerebrospinal fluid, illustrating the capacity of the choroid plexuses to control H2O2 concentration in the ventricular system of the brain. We used a differentiated cellular model of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier coupled to kinetic and inhibition analyses to show that glutathione peroxidases are more potent than catalase to detoxify extracellular H2O2 at concentrations up to 250 µM. The choroidal cells also formed an enzymatic barrier preventing blood-borne hydroperoxides to reach the cerebrospinal fluid. These data point out the choroid plexuses as key structures in the control of hydroperoxide levels in the cerebral fluid environment during development, at a time when the protective glial cell network is still immature. Glutathione peroxidases are the main effectors of this choroidal hydroperoxide inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Saudrais
- FLUID Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028 CRNS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France
- Blood-Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Strazielle
- FLUID Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028 CRNS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France
- Blood-Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon, France
- Brain-i, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-François Ghersi-Egea
- FLUID Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028 CRNS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France
- Blood-Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon, France
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Abstract
Drug bioavailability to the developing brain is a major concern in the treatment of neonates and infants as well as pregnant and breast-feeding women. Central adverse drug reactions can have dramatic consequences for brain development, leading to major neurological impairment. Factors setting the cerebral bioavailability of drugs include protein-unbound drug concentration in plasma, local cerebral blood flow, permeability across blood-brain interfaces, binding to neural cells, volume of cerebral fluid compartments, and cerebrospinal fluid secretion rate. Most of these factors change during development, which will affect cerebral drug concentrations. Regarding the impact of blood-brain interfaces, the blood-brain barrier located at the cerebral endothelium and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier located at the choroid plexus epithelium both display a tight phenotype early on in embryos. However, the developmental regulation of some multispecific efflux transporters that also limit the entry of numerous drugs into the brain through barrier cells is expected to favor drug penetration in the neonatal brain. Finally, drug cerebral bioavailability is likely to be affected following perinatal injuries that alter blood-brain interface properties. A thorough investigation of these mechanisms is mandatory for a better risk assessment of drug treatments in pregnant or breast-feeding women, and in neonate and pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Ghersi-Egea
- FLUID Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028 CRNS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69008, Lyon, France.
- Blood-Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Elodie Saudrais
- FLUID Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028 CRNS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69008, Lyon, France
- Blood-Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Strazielle
- FLUID Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028 CRNS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, 69008, Lyon, France
- Blood-Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, 69008, Lyon, France
- Brain-I, 69008, Lyon, France
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