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Hernández-Robles MF, Álvarez-Contreras AK, Juárez-García P, Natividad-Bonifacio I, Curiel-Quesada E, Vázquez-Salinas C, Quiñones-Ramírez EI. Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in environmental strains of Vibrio alginolyticus. Int Microbiol 2018; 19:191-198. [PMID: 28504816 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus has acquired increasing importance because this microorganism may be pathogenic to aquatic animals and humans. It has been reported that some V. alginolyticus strains carry virulence genes derived from pathogenic V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus strains. In this work V. alginolyticus was isolated from oyster samples acquired from a food-market in Mexico City. Thirty isolates were identified as V. alginolitycus. Strains showed β-haemolysis and proteolytic activity and produced a capsule. Strains displayed swimming and swarming motility and 93.3% of them produced siderophores. Several genes encoding virulence factors were detected using PCR amplification. These included proA, wza, vopD, vopB, hcp, vasH and vgrG genes, which were present in all strains. Other genes had a variable representation: tdh (86.6%), lafA (96.6%), pvsA (62%) and pvuA (16%). The trh gene could not be amplified from any of the strains. The antimicrobial resistance profile revealed that more than 90% of the strains were resistant to beta-lactams antibiotics, 60% to cephalotin, 45% to amikacin, 16% to cephotaxime, and 10% to pefloxacin, while 100% were susceptible to ceftriaxone. The V. alginolyticus strains isolated from oysters showed multiple resistance to antibiotics and several virulence factors described in well-characterized pathogenic vibrios. [Int Microbiol 19(4):191-198 (2016)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos F Hernández-Robles
- Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana K Álvarez-Contreras
- Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Juárez-García
- Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Natividad-Bonifacio
- Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Everardo Curiel-Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Vázquez-Salinas
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Biological Sciences and of the Health, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elsa I Quiñones-Ramírez
- Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Tercero-Alburo JJ, González-Márquez H, Bonilla-González E, Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Vázquez-Salinas C. Identification of capsule, biofilm, lateral flagellum, and type IV pili in Vibrio mimicus strains. Microb Pathog 2014; 76:77-83. [PMID: 25246027 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus is a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis; it is closely related to Vibrio cholerae, and can cause acute diarrhea like cholera- or dysentery-type diarrhea. It is distributed worldwide. Factors associated with virulence (such as hemolysins, enterotoxins, proteases, phospholipases, aerobactin, and hemagglutinin) have been identified; however, its pathogenicity mechanism is still unknown. In pathogenic Vibrio species such as V. cholerae, Vibrio. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, capsule, biofilms, lateral flagellum, and type IV pili are structures described as essential for pathogenicity. These structures had not been described in V. mimicus until this work. We used 20 V. mimicus strains isolated from water (6), oyster (9), and fish (5) samples and we were able to identify the capsule, biofilm, lateral flagellum, and type IV pili through phenotypic tests, electron microscopy, PCR, and sequencing. In all tested strains, we observed and identified the presence of capsular exopolysaccharide, biofilm formation in an in vitro model, as well as swarming, multiple flagellation, and pili. In addition, we identified homologous genes to those described in other bacteria of the genus in which these structures have been found. Identification of these structures in V. mimicus is a contribution to the biology of this organism and can help to reveal its pathogenic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Tercero-Alburo
- Posgrado de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México; Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina C.P. 09340, México
| | - H González-Márquez
- Laboratorio de Expresión Génica División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina C.P. 09340, México
| | - E Bonilla-González
- Laboratorio de Expresión Génica División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina C.P. 09340, México
| | - E I Quiñones-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N Col, Santo Tomás C.P. 11340, Distrito Federal, México
| | - C Vázquez-Salinas
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina C.P. 09340, México.
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Rodas-Suárez OR, Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Fernández FJ, Vázquez-Salinas C. Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from dry milk samples in Mexico: occurrence and antibiotic sensitivity. J Environ Health 2013; 76:32-37. [PMID: 24073487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dry milk is a particular concern in Mexico, as approximately 150,000 metric tons of dry milk are imported every year at a cost of around $250 million. Dry milk is used to make many products, most of which are dairy products widely distributed among the population covered by welfare programs. The purpose of the study described in this article was to determine the presence of Listeria spp. in imported dry milk samples in Mexico, and to determine the sensitivity of the Listeria monocytogenes isolates to different antimicrobial agents. Listeria isolates (7.8% of 550 bacterial isolates) were identified as L. monocytogenes (53.49%), L. innocua (30.23%), L. seeligeri (13.95%), and L. ivanovii (2.33%). L. monocytogenes strains isolated showed multiresistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, dicloxacillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (9%-14%). The results provide additional evidence of the emergence of multiresistant Listeria strains both in nature and in widely consumed dairy products, representing a potential threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Rodas-Suárez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Natividad-Bonifacio I, Fernández FJ, Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Curiel-Quesada E, Vázquez-Salinas C. Presence of virulence markers in environmental Vibrio vulnificus strains. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1539-46. [PMID: 23351134 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This work aims to demonstrate the presence of several genes and factors associated with virulence in strains isolated from the environment at Pueblo Viejo Lagoon, State of Veracruz, Mexico. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we investigated the production of V. vulnificus virulence factors, as cytolysin (haemolysin), RTX toxin, metalloprotease, siderophores, capsular polysaccharide, adhesion structures (like type IV pili), and polar and lateral flagella, involved in swimming and swarming (or, at least, the presence of genes encoding some of them) in 40 strains of V. vulnificus isolated from water and food. The results indicate that strains of environmental origin possess potential virulence characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Caution should be exercised when consuming raw shellfish (especially by those more susceptible risk groups). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first work focused on the evaluation of V. vulnificus virulence factors in Mexico.
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Curiel-Ayala F, Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Pless RC, González-Jasso E. Comparative studies on Enterococcus, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus as quality indicators in tropical seawater at a Pacific Mexican beach resort. Mar Pollut Bull 2012; 64:2193-2198. [PMID: 22910334 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Three microorganisms were assayed to evaluate the microbiological quality in the seawater at a resort on the Mexican Pacific coast, and to test for possible associations among the titers of the various bacteria, their possible correlations with environmental conditions, and with the location of potential wastewater outflows. Significant microorganism levels were found (at Caletilla beach, Hornos beach, and Papagayo beach, respectively: for Enterococcus 157, 153, and 149, for C. perfringens 35, 89, and 56, for S. aureus 244,137, and 279CFU/100ml), often in excess of the presently set guideline values. In general, bacterial titers were higher during rainy season than in dry season. For S. aureus, in both seasons, highest concentrations were found at 3pm, the time of highest tourist presence at the beaches. Our results argue for the use of these three microorganisms as part of a set of indicators in the routine microbiological evaluation of Mexican beachwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Curiel-Ayala
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA-Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
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Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Bonifacio IN, Betancourt-Rule M, Ramirez-Vives F, Vázquez-Salinas C. Putative virulence factors identified in Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from oysters and seawater in Mexico. Int J Environ Health Res 2010; 20:395-405. [PMID: 21161801 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2010.491856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Vibrio vulnificus was analyzed in oyster and estuarine water samples from Mexico by PCR amplification of the vvhA gene and some putative virulence factors were tested. Samples were collected from 12 different sampling points over a one-year period; 31% samples were positive for V. vulnificus and all isolates were identified as biotype 1. All strains were cytotoxic and proteolytic, 98% showed adherence to epithelial cells, 91.4% were DNase-positive, 77.6% were mucinase-positive, 97.8% were lecithinase-positive and 79.8% were lipase positive. Regarding colony morphology, 51% strains were opaque, 20% were translucid, 28% were both opaque and translucid, and 80.8% showed a capsule. This is the first report on the isolation of V. vulnificus strains from environmental samples in Mexico, which may pose a health risk for local fisherman and seafood consumers.
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Rodas-Suárez OR, Flores-Pedroche JF, Betancourt-Rule JM, Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Vázquez-Salinas C. Occurrence and antibiotic sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from oysters, fish, and estuarine water. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:7410-2. [PMID: 16980425 PMCID: PMC1636160 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00956-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the presence of Listeria spp. in oyster, fish, and seawater samples and tested isolates for antibiotic sensitivity. Listeria monocytogenes was found in 4.5% of fish samples and 8.3% of seawater samples and was not recovered from oysters. Multiresistant environmental strains were found, representing a potential threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Rodas-Suárez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Michoacán y Purísima S/N, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, México D.F., México
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Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Vázquez-Salinas C, Rodas-Suárez OR, Ramos-Flores MO, Rodríguez-Montaño R. Frequency of isolation of Campylobacter from roasted chicken samples from Mexico City. J Food Prot 2000; 63:117-9. [PMID: 10643780 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.1.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of Campylobacter spp. was investigated in 100 samples of roasted chicken tacos sold in well-established commercial outlets and semisettled street stands in Mexico City. From 600 colonies displaying Campylobacter morphology only 123 isolates were positive. From these isolates, 51 (41%) were identified as C. jejuni, 23 (19%) as C. coli, and 49 (40%) as other species of this genus. All of the 27 positive samples came from one location where handling practices allowed cross-contamination of the cooked product. The results indicate that these ready-to-consume products are contaminated with these bacteria, representing a potential risk for consumers, especially in establishments lacking adequate sanitary measures to prevent cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Quiñones-Ramírez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Col. Santo Tomás, Mexico
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Castillo-Martínez ML, Sánchez-Sánchez S, Rodríguez-Montaño R, Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Lugo de la Fuente G, Vázquez-Salinas C. [Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 29428 from inoculated fried pork meat and roasted chicken]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1993; 35:15-8. [PMID: 8140332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The human gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni in some industrialized countries is higher than gastroenteritis produced by Salmonella and Shigella. This has induced the development of techniques to demonstrate the presence of the microorganism in different foods using some culture media combinations. There is not a method to isolate C. jejuni from roasted chicken and fried pork meat, which are popular foods in México. The sensitivity of two culture media combinations was compared: Rama broth (RB)-Rama agar (RA) and Preston broth (PB)-Skirrow agar (SA) to isolate C. jejuni from these foods. The RB-RA combination demonstrated to be the best one to isolate C. jejuni.
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