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Singer ED, Faiz SA, Qdaisat A, Abdeldaem K, Dagher J, Chaftari P, Yeung SCJ. Hemoptysis in Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4765. [PMID: 37835458 PMCID: PMC10571539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoptysis in cancer patients can occur for various reasons, including infections, tumors, blood vessel abnormalities and inflammatory conditions. The degree of hemoptysis is commonly classified according to the quantity of blood expelled. However, volume-based definitions may not accurately reflect the clinical impact of bleeding. This review explores a more comprehensive approach to evaluating hemoptysis by considering its risk factors, epidemiology and clinical consequences. In particular, this review provides insight into the risk factors, identifies mortality rates associated with hemoptysis in cancer patients and highlights the need for developing a mortality prediction score specific for cancer patients. The use of hemoptysis-related variables may help stratify patients into risk categories; optimize the control of bleeding with critical care; implement the use of tracheobronchial or vascular interventions; and aid in treatment planning. Effective management of hemoptysis in cancer patients must address the underlying cause while also providing supportive care to improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad D. Singer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.S.); (A.Q.); (K.A.)
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Saadia A. Faiz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aiham Qdaisat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.S.); (A.Q.); (K.A.)
| | - Karim Abdeldaem
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.S.); (A.Q.); (K.A.)
| | - Jim Dagher
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 1100, Lebanon
| | - Patrick Chaftari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.S.); (A.Q.); (K.A.)
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.S.); (A.Q.); (K.A.)
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Eskildsen DE, Guccione J, Menias CO, Shaaban AM, Morani AC, Shehata MA, Fagan RJ, Singer ED, Abdelaal MA, Jensen CT, Elsayes KM. Perirenal lymphatics: anatomy, pathophysiology, and imaging spectrum of diseases. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:2615-2627. [PMID: 37269362 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite being rarely discussed, perinephric lymphatics are involved in many pathological and benign processes. The lymphatic system in the kidneys has a harmonious dynamic with ureteral and venous outflow, which can result in pathology when this dynamic is disturbed. Although limited by the small size of lymphatics, multiple established and emerging imaging techniques are available to visualize perinephric lymphatics. Manifestations of perirenal pathology may be in the form of dilation of perirenal lymphatics, as with peripelvic cysts and lymphangiectasia. Lymphatic collections may also occur, either congenital or as a sequela of renal surgery or transplantation. The perirenal lymphatics are also intimately involved in lymphoproliferative disorders, such as lymphoma as well as the malignant spread of disease. Although these pathologic entities often have overlapping imaging features, some have distinguishing characteristics that can suggest the diagnosis when paired with the clinical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane E Eskildsen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Akram M Shaaban
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ajaykumar C Morani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mostafa A Shehata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard J Fagan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emad D Singer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Moamen A Abdelaal
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Corey T Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Casal J, Singer ED, Monserrat JM. [Angiosarcoma of the bladder]. Rev Argent Urol Nefrol 1970; 39:53-5. [PMID: 5534118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Garcia AE, Casal J, Marzio FF, Singer ED, Monserrat JM. [Renal hypoplasia]. Rev Argent Urol Nefrol 1969; 38:443-5. [PMID: 5387226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Torrenti H, Singer ED, Casal J. [Spontaneous perirenal hematoma (2 cases)]. Rev Argent Urol Nefrol 1969; 38:229-32. [PMID: 5373078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Garcia AE, Casal J, Singer ED, Monserrat JM. [Hamartoma of the kidney (2 observations)]. Rev Argent Urol Nefrol 1969; 38:69-85. [PMID: 5372437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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García AE, Casal J, Singer ED, Monserrat JM. [Osseous metaplasia in renal hypoplasia]. Rev Argent Urol Nefrol 1968; 37:110-4. [PMID: 4978746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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