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Gannon PO, Harari A, Auger A, Murgues C, Zangiacomi V, Rubin O, Ellefsen Lavoie K, Guillemot L, Navarro Rodrigo B, Nguyen-Ngoc T, Rusakiewicz S, Rossier L, Boudousquié C, Baumgaertner P, Zimmermann S, Trueb L, Iancu EM, Sempoux C, Demartines N, Coukos G, Kandalaft LE. Development of an optimized closed and semi-automatic protocol for Good Manufacturing Practice manufacturing of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a hospital environment. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:780-791. [PMID: 33069566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Several studies report on Good Manufacturing Process (GMP)-compliant manufacturing protocols for the ex vivo expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for the treatment of patients with refractory melanoma and other solid malignancies. Further opportunities for improvements in terms of ergonomy and operating time have been identified. METHODS To enable GMP-compliant TILs production for adoptive cell therapy needs, a simple automated and reproducible protocol for TILs manufacturing with the use of a closed system was developed and implemented at the authors' institution. RESULTS This protocol enabled significant operating time reduction during TILs expansion while allowing the generation of high-quality TILs products. CONCLUSIONS A simplified and efficient method of TILs expansion will enable the broadening of individualized tumor therapy and will increase patients' access to state-of-the-art TILs adoptive cell therapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe O Gannon
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aymeric Auger
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clément Murgues
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zangiacomi
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Rubin
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Ellefsen Lavoie
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Guillemot
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro Rodrigo
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tu Nguyen-Ngoc
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Rossier
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Boudousquié
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgaertner
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Trueb
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela M Iancu
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Iancu EM, Kandalaft LE. Challenges and advantages of cell therapy manufacturing under Good Manufacturing Practices within the hospital setting. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:233-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Legat A, Maby-El Hajjami H, Baumgaertner P, Cagnon L, Abed Maillard S, Geldhof C, Iancu EM, Lebon L, Guillaume P, Dojcinovic D, Michielin O, Romano E, Berthod G, Rimoldi D, Triebel F, Luescher I, Rufer N, Speiser DE. Vaccination with LAG-3Ig (IMP321) and Peptides Induces Specific CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Responses in Metastatic Melanoma Patients—Report of a Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1330-40. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Iancu EM, Gannon PO, Laurent J, Gupta B, Romero P, Michielin O, Romano E, Speiser DE, Rufer N. Persistence of EBV antigen-specific CD8 T cell clonotypes during homeostatic immune reconstitution in cancer patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78686. [PMID: 24205294 PMCID: PMC3808305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent viruses are kept in check by specific lymphocytes. The clonal T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), once established following primary infection, exhibits a robust stability over time. However, the determinants contributing to this long-term persistence are still poorly characterized. Taking advantage of an in vivo clinical setting where lymphocyte homeostasis was transiently perturbed, we studied EBV antigen-specific CD8 T cells before and after non-myeloablative lympho-depleting chemotherapy of melanoma patients. Despite more advanced T cell differentiation, patients T cells showed clonal composition comparable to healthy individuals, sharing a preference for TRBV20 and TRBV29 gene segment usage and several co-dominant public TCR clonotypes. Moreover, our data revealed the presence of relatively few dominant EBV antigen-specific T cell clonotypes, which mostly persisted following transient lympho-depletion (TLD) and lymphocyte recovery, likely related to absence of EBV reactivation and de novo T cell priming in these patients. Interestingly, persisting clonotypes frequently co-expressed memory/homing-associated genes (CD27, IL7R, EOMES, CD62L/SELL and CCR5) supporting the notion that they are particularly important for long-lasting CD8 T cell responses. Nevertheless, the clonal composition of EBV-specific CD8 T cells was preserved over time with the presence of the same dominant clonotypes after non-myeloablative chemotherapy. The observed clonotype persistence demonstrates high robustness of CD8 T cell homeostasis and reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela M. Iancu
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe O. Gannon
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Laurent
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Romano
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Rufer
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Gupta B, Iancu EM, Gannon PO, Wieckowski S, Baitsch L, Speiser DE, Rufer N. Simultaneous coexpression of memory-related and effector-related genes by individual human CD8 T cells depends on antigen specificity and differentiation. J Immunother 2012; 35:488-501. [PMID: 22735807 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e31826183a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic and functional cell properties are usually analyzed at the level of defined cell populations but not single cells. Yet, large differences between individual cells may have important functional consequences. It is likely that T-cell-mediated immunity depends on the polyfunctionality of individual T cells, rather than the sum of functions of responding T-cell subpopulations. We performed highly sensitive single-cell gene expression profiling, allowing the direct ex vivo characterization of individual virus-specific and tumor-specific T cells from healthy donors and melanoma patients. We have previously shown that vaccination with the natural tumor peptide Melan-A-induced T cells with superior effector functions as compared with vaccination with the analog peptide optimized for enhanced HLA-A*0201 binding. Here we found that natural peptide vaccination induced tumor-reactive CD8 T cells with frequent coexpression of both memory/homing-associated genes (CD27, IL7R, EOMES, CXCR3, and CCR5) and effector-related genes (IFNG, KLRD1, PRF1, and GZMB), comparable with protective Epstein-Barr virus-specific and cytomegalovirus-specific T cells. In contrast, memory/homing-associated and effector-associated genes were less frequently coexpressed after vaccination with the analog peptide. Remarkably, these findings reveal a previously unknown level of gene expression diversity among vaccine-specific and virus-specific T cells with the simultaneous coexpression of multiple memory/homing-related and effector-related genes by the same cell. Such broad functional gene expression signatures within antigen-specific T cells may be critical for mounting efficient responses to pathogens or tumors. In summary, direct ex vivo high-resolution molecular characterization of individual T cells provides key insights into the processes shaping the functional properties of tumor-specific and virus-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Iancu EM, Corthesy P, Baumgaertner P, Devevre E, Voelter V, Romero P, Speiser DE, Rufer N. Clonotype selection and composition of human CD8 T cells specific for persistent herpes viruses varies with differentiation but is stable over time. J Immunol 2009; 183:319-31. [PMID: 19542443 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protection from reactivation of persistent herpes virus infection is mediated by Ag-specific CD8 T cell responses, which are highly regulated by still poorly understood mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed differentiation and clonotypic dynamics of EBV- and CMV-specific T cells from healthy adults. Although these T lymphocytes included all subsets, from early-differentiated (EM/CD28(pos)) to late-differentiated (EMRA/CD28(neg)) stages, they varied in the sizes/proportions of these subsets. In-depth clonal composition analyses revealed TCR repertoires, which were highly restricted for CMV- and relatively diverse for EBV-specific cells. Virtually all virus-specific clonotypes identified in the EMRA/CD28(neg) subset were also found within the pool of less differentiated "memory" cells. However, striking differences in the patterns of dominance were observed among these subsets, because some clonotypes were selected with differentiation while others were not. Late-differentiated CMV-specific clonotypes were mostly characterized by TCR with lower dependency on CD8 coreceptor interaction. Yet all clonotypes displayed similar functional avidities, suggesting a compensatory role of CD8 in the clonotypes of lower TCR avidity. Importantly, clonotype selection and composition of each virus-specific subset upon differentiation was highly preserved over time, with the presence of the same dominant clonotypes at specific differentiation stages within a period of 4 years. Remarkably, clonotypic distribution was stable not only in late-differentiated but also in less-differentiated T cell subsets. Thus, T cell clonotypes segregate with differentiation, but the clonal composition once established is kept constant for at least several years. These findings reveal novel features of the highly sophisticated control of steady state protective T cell activity in healthy adults.
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Rebeaud F, Hailfinger S, Posevitz-Fejfar A, Tapernoux M, Moser R, Rueda D, Gaide O, Guzzardi M, Iancu EM, Rufer N, Fasel N, Thome M. The proteolytic activity of the paracaspase MALT1 is key in T cell activation. Nat Immunol 2008; 9:272-81. [PMID: 18264101 DOI: 10.1038/ni1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Iancu EM, Speiser DE, Rufer N. Assessing ageing of individual T lymphocytes: mission impossible? Mech Ageing Dev 2007; 129:67-78. [PMID: 18048082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Effector T lymphocytes are the progeny of a limited number of antigen-specific precursor cells and it has been estimated that clonotypic human T cells may expand million fold on their way reaching high cell numbers that are sufficient for immune protection. Moreover, memory T cell responses are characterized by repetitive expansion of antigen-specific T cell clonotypes, and limitations in the proliferative capacity could lead to immune senescence. Because telomeres progressively shorten as a function of cell division, telomere length is a powerful indicator of the replicative in vivo history of human T lymphocytes. In this review, we summarize observations made over the last decade on telomere length dynamics of well-defined T cell populations derived from healthy donors and patients with infectious disease or cancer. We focus on T cell differentiation, T cell ageing, and natural and vaccine induced immune responses. We also discuss the scientific evidence for in vivo replicative senescence of antigen-specific T cells, and evaluate the available methods for measuring telomere lengths and telomerase activity, and their potential and limitations to increase our understanding of T cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela M Iancu
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncology Center CePO, Avenue Pierre-Decker 4, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Romero P, Zippelius A, Kurth I, Pittet MJ, Touvrey C, Iancu EM, Corthesy P, Devevre E, Speiser DE, Rufer N. Four functionally distinct populations of human effector-memory CD8+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol 2007; 178:4112-9. [PMID: 17371966 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the pathways of memory and effector T cell differentiation remain poorly defined. We have dissected the functional properties of ex vivo effector-memory (EM) CD45RA-CCR7- T lymphocytes present within the circulating CD8+ T cell pool of healthy individuals. Our studies show that EM T cells are heterogeneous and are subdivided based on differential CD27 and CD28 expression into four subsets. EM(1) (CD27+CD28+) and EM(4) (CD27-CD28+) T cells express low levels of effector mediators such as granzyme B and perforin and high levels of CD127/IL-7Ralpha. EM(1) cells also have a relatively short replicative history and display strong ex vivo telomerase activity. Therefore, these cells are closely related to central-memory (CD45RA-CCR7+) cells. In contrast, EM(2) (CD27+CD28-) and EM(3) (CD27-CD28-) cells express mediators characteristic of effector cells, whereby EM(3) cells display stronger ex vivo cytolytic activity and have experienced larger numbers of cell divisions, thus resembling differentiated effector (CD45RA+CCR7-) cells. These data indicate that progressive up-regulation of cytolytic activity and stepwise loss of CCR7, CD28, and CD27 both characterize CD8+ T cell differentiation. Finally, memory CD8+ T cells not only include central-memory cells but also EM(1) cells, which differ in CCR7 expression and may therefore confer memory functions in lymphoid and peripheral tissues, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Romero
- Division of Clinical Onco-Immunology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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