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Livesey C, McLachlan G, Mohammad M, Pranesh N, Richards C, Ross F, Sajid M, Brooke M, Francombe J, Gresly J, Hutchinson S, Kerrigan K, Matthews E, Nur S, Parsons L, Sandhu A, Vyas M, White F, Zulkifli A, Zuzarte L, Al-Mousawi A, Arya J, Azam S, Yahaya AA, Gill K, Hallan R, Hathaway C, Leptidis I, McDonagh L, Mitrasinovic S, Mushtaq N, Pang N, Peiris GB, Rinkoff S, Chan L, Christopher E, Farhan-Alanie MMH, Gonzalez-Ciscar A, Graham CJ, Lim H, McLean KA, Paterson HM, Rogers A, Roy C, Rutherford D, Smith F, Zubikarai G, Al-Khudairi R, Bamford M, Chang M, Cheng J, Hedley C, Joseph R, Mitchell B, Perera S, Rothwell L, Siddiqui A, Smith J, Taylor K, Wright OW, Baryan HK, Boyd G, Conchie H, Cox L, Davies J, Gardner S, Hill N, Krishna K, Lakin F, Scotcher S, Alberts J, Asad M, Barraclough J, Campbell A, Marshall D, Wakeford W, Cronbach P, D'Souza F, Gammeri E, Houlton J, Hall M, Kethees A, Patel R, Perera M, Prowle J, Shaid M, Webb E, Beattie S, Chadwick M, El-Taji O, Haddad S, Mann M, Patel M, Popat K, Rimmer L, Riyat H, Smith H, Anandarajah C, Cipparrone M, Desai K, Gao C, Goh ET, Howlader M, Jeffreys N, Karmarkar A, Mathew G, Mukhtar H, Ozcan E, Renukanthan A, Sarens N, Sinha C, Woolley A, Bogle R, Komolafe O, Loo F, Waugh D, Zeng R, Crewe A, Mathias J, Mills A, Owen A, Prior A, Saunders I, Baker A, Crilly L, McKeon J, Ubhi HK, Adeogun A, Carr R, Davison C, Devalia S, Hayat A, Karsan RB, Osborne C, Scott K, Weegenaar C, Wijeyaratne M, Babatunde F, Barnor-Ahiaku E, Beattie G, Chitsabesan P, Dixon O, Hall N, Ilenkovan N, Mackrell T, Nithianandasivam N, Orr J, Palazzo F, Saad M, Sandland-Taylor L, Sherlock J, Ashdown T, Chandler S, Garsaa T, Lloyd J, Loh SY, Ng S, Perkins C, Powell-Chandler A, Smith F, Underhill R. Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32026470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). CONCLUSION There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
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Li W, Newitt D, Yun BL, Kornak J, Joe B, Yau C, Abe H, Wolverton D, Crane E, Ward K, Nelson M, Niell B, Drukteinis J, Oh K, Brandt K, Bang DH, Ojeda H, Eghtedari M, Sheth P, Bernreuter W, Umphrey H, Rosen M, Dogan B, Yang W, Esserman L, Hylton N. Abstract PD4-03: MRI detection of residual disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in the I-SPY 2 TRIAL. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd4-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Detecting residual disease accurately using MRI after NAC to identify both responders and non-responders is essential for de-escalating therapy or redirecting patients to more effective treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine if the combination of longest diameter (LD) and functional tumor volume (FTV) from dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE-) MRI is superior to FTV alone or LD alone for assessing treatment response after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients.
Methods: Data from patients in the graduated drug arms of the I-SPY 2 trial were included in the analysis. Both LD and FTV were assessed using DCE-MRI after neoadjuvant therapy. LD was measured by the site radiologist as the longest dimension of the enhanced area on early post-contrast images. Functional tumor volume (FTV) was assessed as the sum of voxels with enhancement above specific thresholds within the pre-defined region-of-interest (ROI). A linearized variable was derived to represent the combination of FTV and LD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the assessment of treatment response, pathologic complete response (pCR), defined as no invasive disease in the breast and lymph nodes, and in-breast pCR, defined as no invasive disease in the breast only. The analysis was performed in the full cohort and in breast cancer subtype defined by hormone receptor status and HER2 status.
Results: Among the patient cohort of N=675 with FTV and LD, 247 (37%) did and 428 (41%) did not achieve pCR after neoadjuvant therapy. pCR rates varied among HR/HER2 subtypes (HR+/HER2-: 19%; HR+/HER2+: 38%; HR-/HER2+: 71%; HR-/HER2- (triple negative, TN): 43%). In-breast pathologic complete response rates were slightly higher in each group (full: 41%; HR+/HER2-: 23%; HR+/HER2+: 43%; HR-/HER2+: 72%; HR-/HER2-: 49%). Table 1 shows AUCs for assessing pCR using FTV alone, LD alone, and the variable combining FTV and LD. Higher AUCs were observed in all patient groups using the combined variable. AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.81) was observed for the combined variable to assess pCR in the full cohort. AUCs varied from 0.69 to 0.86 among HR/HER2 subgroups (HR+/HER2-: 0.69; HR+/HER2+: 0.74; HR-/HER2+: 0.86; HR-/HER2-: 0.80), with no difference in assessing pCR or in-breast pCR. The performance is best for the HR- subtypes.
Conclusions: Both FTV and LD can be used in the assessment of invasive disease residual after neoadjuvant therapy. The combined variable of FTV and LD achieved highest AUCs, compared to using individual variable alone. Tools to improve performance in the HR+ subsets are underway.
AUCs of MR measurements for identifying pCR FTV alone (95% CI)LD alone (95% CI)Combined (95% CI)FullWith subtype adj.0.73 (0.71, 0.75)0.77 (0.74, 0.79)0.79 (0.77, 0.81)FullWithout subtype adj0.69 (0.65, 0.73)0.72 (0.68, 0.76)0.75 (0.71, 0.79)HR+/HER2- 0.68 (0.60, 0.77)0.68 (0.59, 0.77)0.69 (0.61, 0.77)HR+/HER2+ 0.65 (0.56, 0.75)0.72 (0.64, 0.80)0.74 (0.66, 0.82)HR-/HER2+ 0.69 (0.55, 0.83)0.82 (0.71, 0.92)0.86 (0.77, 0.95)HR-/HER2- (TN) 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)0.73 (0.67, 0.80)0.80 (0.74, 0.85)
Citation Format: Li W, Newitt D, Yun BL, Kornak J, Joe B, Yau C, Abe H, Wolverton D, Crane E, Ward K, Nelson M, Niell B, Drukteinis J, Oh K, Brandt K, Bang DH, Ojeda H, Eghtedari M, Sheth P, Bernreuter W, Umphrey H, Rosen M, Dogan B, Yang W, Esserman L, Hylton N. MRI detection of residual disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in the I-SPY 2 TRIAL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD4-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - D Newitt
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - BL Yun
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - J Kornak
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Joe
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - C Yau
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H Abe
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - D Wolverton
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - E Crane
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - K Ward
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M Nelson
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Niell
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - J Drukteinis
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - K Oh
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - K Brandt
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - DH Bang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H Ojeda
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M Eghtedari
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - P Sheth
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - W Bernreuter
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H Umphrey
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M Rosen
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Dogan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - W Yang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - L Esserman
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - N Hylton
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Loyola University, Maywood, IL; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester, MN; Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Texas Southwestern, Houston, TX; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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