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Hunt EG, Hurst KE, Riesenberg BP, Kennedy AS, Gandy EJ, Andrews AM, Del Mar Alicea Pauneto C, Ball LE, Wallace ED, Gao P, Meier J, Serody JJ, Coleman MF, Thaxton JE. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase obstructs CD8 + T cell lipid utilization in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00055-X. [PMID: 38490211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) imprints a compromised metabolic state in tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), hallmarked by the inability to maintain effective energy synthesis for antitumor function and survival. T cells in the TME must catabolize lipids via mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to supply energy in nutrient stress, and it is established that T cells enriched in FAO are adept at cancer control. However, endogenous TILs and unmodified cellular therapy products fail to sustain bioenergetics in tumors. We reveal that the solid TME imposes perpetual acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACC) activity, invoking lipid biogenesis and storage in TILs that opposes FAO. Using metabolic, lipidomic, and confocal imaging strategies, we find that restricting ACC rewires T cell metabolism, enabling energy maintenance in TME stress. Limiting ACC activity potentiates a gene and phenotypic program indicative of T cell longevity, engendering T cells with increased survival and polyfunctionality, which sustains cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Hunt
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Katie E Hurst
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Brian P Riesenberg
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Andrew S Kennedy
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Evelyn J Gandy
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alex M Andrews
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Coral Del Mar Alicea Pauneto
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Lauren E Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Emily D Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Metabolomics Core Facility, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeremy Meier
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - John J Serody
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jessica E Thaxton
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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Todd DA, Kellogg JJ, Wallace ED, Khin M, Flores-Bocanegra L, Tanna RS, McIntosh S, Raja HA, Graf TN, Hemby SE, Paine MF, Oberlies NH, Cech NB. Chemical composition and biological effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): In vitro studies with implications for efficacy and drug interactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19158. [PMID: 33154449 PMCID: PMC7645423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) for treatment of pain is highly controversial. Kratom produces more than 40 structurally related alkaloids, but most studies have focused on just two of these, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Here, we profiled 53 commercial kratom products using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics, revealing two distinct chemotypes that contain different levels of the alkaloid speciofoline. Both chemotypes were confirmed with DNA barcoding to be M. speciosa. To evaluate the biological relevance of variable speciofoline levels in kratom, we compared the opioid receptor binding activity of speciofoline, mitragynine, and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine function as partial agonists of the human µ-opioid receptor, while speciofoline does not exhibit measurable binding affinity at the µ-, δ- or ƙ-opioid receptors. Importantly, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine demonstrate functional selectivity for G-protein signaling, with no measurable recruitment of β-arrestin. Overall, the study demonstrates the unique binding and functional profiles of the kratom alkaloids, suggesting potential utility for managing pain, but further studies are needed to follow up on these in vitro findings. All three kratom alkaloids tested inhibited select cytochrome P450 enzymes, suggesting a potential risk for adverse interactions when kratom is co-consumed with drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - J J Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - E D Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - M Khin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - L Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - R S Tanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - S McIntosh
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - H A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - T N Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - S E Hemby
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - M F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - N H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - N B Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA.
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Kellogg JJ, Wallace ED, Graf TN, Oberlies NH, Cech NB. Conventional and accelerated-solvent extractions of green tea (camellia sinensis) for metabolomics-based chemometrics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:604-610. [PMID: 28787673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has emerged as an important analytical technique for multiple applications. The value of information obtained from metabolomics analysis depends on the degree to which the entire metabolome is present and the reliability of sample treatment to ensure reproducibility across the study. The purpose of this study was to compare methods of preparing complex botanical extract samples prior to metabolomics profiling. Two extraction methodologies, accelerated solvent extraction and a conventional solvent maceration, were compared using commercial green tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (Theaceae)] products as a test case. The accelerated solvent protocol was first evaluated to ascertain critical factors influencing extraction using a D-optimal experimental design study. The accelerated solvent and conventional extraction methods yielded similar metabolite profiles for the green tea samples studied. The accelerated solvent extraction yielded higher total amounts of extracted catechins, was more reproducible, and required less active bench time to prepare the samples. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of accelerated solvent as an efficient methodology for metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Emily D Wallace
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Tyler N Graf
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States.
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Abstract
In pregnant rock hyraxes isolated leucocytes metabolise both [3H]pregnenolone and [3H]progesterone while whole blood, erythrocytes and an erythrocyte/leucocyte mixture only metabolised [3H]progesterone. Plasma displayed no tendency to metabolically convert any one of these two steroids. In whole blood [3H]progesterone appears to be converted to 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione and a compound with chromatographic properties similar to that of 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one. 5Alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione exhibited a high relative binding affinity for the uterine progesterone eceptor (94%), but 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one displayed very little affinity for the same receptor (0.4%). 5Alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione may therefore aid in the maintenance of pregnancy. Corpora lutea metabolised progesterone to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, a compound exhibiting no progestational function because of its low relative binding affinity for the uterine progesterone receptor (2%). Progesterone appears to be the main product of the corpus luteum. However, 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione circulated at concentrations approximately 8.5 times higher than progesterone, probably due to the metabolic conversion of progesterone to 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione by the blood. We conclude that in the hyrax progesterone, produced by the corpora lutea, enters the circulation, where it is reduced to 5alpha-pregnanes. 5Alpha-pregane-3,20-dione may then be transported to the uterus where it binds to the progesterone receptor to assist in the maintenance of pregnancy. This mechanism appears to be analogous to that of the African elephant which is phylogenetically related to the hyrax, except that in the elephant the 5alpha-reduced metabolites are produced by luteal tissue and not the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kirkman
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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