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Ranganathan N, Anteyi E. The Role of Dietary Fiber and Gut Microbiome Modulation in Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030183. [PMID: 35324680 PMCID: PMC8955792 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the fundamental approaches to promoting and preventing all kinds of diseases, especially kidney diseases. Dietary fiber forms a significant aspect of renal nutrition in treating chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dietary fiber intake influences the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiome with proven roles in reducing uremic toxin production, preserving kidney function, and retarding the progression of CKD through mechanisms of regulating metabolic, immunological, and inflammatory processes. Understanding dietary fiber’s pathogenesis and mechanistic action in modulating host and microbiome interactions provides a potential adjunct therapeutic target for preventing, controlling, and treating CKD patients. In this regard, a recommendation of adequate and appropriate dietary fiber intake to restore beneficial gut microbiota composition would reduce the risks and complications associated with CKD. This mini review summarizes current evidence of the role of dietary fiber intake in modulating the gut microbiome to improve kidney health.
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Oleribe OO, Salako BL, Akpalu A, Anteyi E, Ka MM, Deen G, Akande T, Abellona U MR, Lemoine M, McConnochie M, Foster M, Walker R, Taylor-Robinson SD, Jawad A. Public private partnership in in-service training of physicians: the millennium development goal 6-partnership for African clinical training (M-PACT) approach. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 29:77. [PMID: 29875958 PMCID: PMC5987109 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.29.77.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction in-service training of healthcare workers is essential for improving healthcare services and outcome. Methods The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6 Partnership for African Clinical Training (M-PACT) program was an innovative in-service training approach designed and implemented by the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) and West African College of Physicians (WACP) with funding from Eco Bank Foundation. The goal was to develop sustainable capacity to tackle MDG 6 targets in West Africa through better postgraduate medical education. Five training centres were establised: Nigeria (Abuja, Ibadan), Ghana (Accra), Senegal (Dakar) and Sierra Leone (Freetown) for training 681 physicians from across West Africa. A curriculum jointly designed by the RCP-WACP team was used to deliver biannual 5-day training courses over a 3-year period. Results Of 602 trained in clinical medicine, 358 (59.5%) were males and 535 (88.9%) were from hosting countries. 472 (78.4%) of participants received travel bursaries to participate, while 318 (52.8%) were residents in Internal Medicine in the respective institutions. Accra had the highest number of participants (29.7%) followed by Ibadan, (28.7%), Dakar, (24.9%), Abuja, (11.0%) and Freetown, (5.6%). Pre-course clinical knowledge scores ranged from 35.1% in the Freetown Course to 63.8% in Accra Course 1; whereas post-course scores ranged from 50.5% in the Freetown course to 73.8% in Accra course 1. Conclusion M-PACT made a positive impact to quality and outcome of healthcare services in the region and is a model for continued improvement for healthcare outcomes, e.g malaria, HIV and TB incidence and mortality in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Ositadimma Oleribe
- Excellence and Friends Management Care Centre (EFMC), Dutse Abuja FCT, Nigeria.,Royal College of Physicians of London, 11 St Andrews Place, Regent's Park, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom.,West African College of Physicians (WACP), 6 Taylor Drive, Off Edmond Crescent, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Lawal Salako
- West African College of Physicians (WACP), 6 Taylor Drive, Off Edmond Crescent, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Albert Akpalu
- West African College of Physicians (WACP), 6 Taylor Drive, Off Edmond Crescent, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.,Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Anteyi
- West African College of Physicians (WACP), 6 Taylor Drive, Off Edmond Crescent, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.,National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mamadou Mourtalla Ka
- West African College of Physicians (WACP), 6 Taylor Drive, Off Edmond Crescent, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.,University of Thiès, Region of Thiès, Senegal
| | - Gibrilla Deen
- West African College of Physicians (WACP), 6 Taylor Drive, Off Edmond Crescent, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.,University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex-Connaught Hospital, Freetown, Senegal
| | - Temilola Akande
- West African College of Physicians (WACP), 6 Taylor Drive, Off Edmond Crescent, Yaba Lagos Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Mei Ran Abellona U
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Royal College of Physicians of London, 11 St Andrews Place, Regent's Park, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi McConnochie
- Royal College of Physicians of London, 11 St Andrews Place, Regent's Park, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Foster
- Royal College of Physicians of London, 11 St Andrews Place, Regent's Park, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Walker
- Royal College of Physicians of London, 11 St Andrews Place, Regent's Park, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, North Tyneside General Hospital, Tyne & Wear, NE29 8NH, United Kingdom
| | - Simon David Taylor-Robinson
- Hepatology Unit, Imperial College London, 10 Floor, QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital Campus, South Wharf Road, W2 1NY, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Jawad
- Royal College of Physicians of London, 11 St Andrews Place, Regent's Park, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom
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Ranganathan N, Ranganathan P, Friedman EA, Joseph A, Delano B, Goldfarb DS, Tam P, Rao AV, Anteyi E, Musso CG. Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Adv Ther 2010; 27:634-47. [PMID: 20721651 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-010-0059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uremic syndrome consists of nitrogenous waste retention, deficiency in kidney-derived hormones, and reduced acid excretion, and, if untreated, may progress to coma and eventual death. Previous experience suggests that oral administration of a probiotic formulation of selected microbial strains may extend renoprotection via intraintestinal extraction of toxic waste solutes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)stages 3 and 4. This report presents preliminary data from a pilot study. METHODS This was a 6-month prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of a probiotic bacterial formulation conducted in four countries, at five institutions, on 46 outpatients with CKD stages 3 an nd 4: USA (n=10), Canada (n=113), Nigeria (n=115), and Argentina (n=8). Outcomes were compared using biochemical parameters:blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and uric acid. General well-being was assessed as a secondary parameter by a quality of life (QQOL) questionnaire on a subjective scale of 1-10. RESULTS Oral ingestion of probiotics (90 billion colony forming units [CFUs]/day) was well tolerated and safe during the entire trial period at all sites. BUN levels decreased in 29 patients (63%, P<0.05), creatinine levels decreased in 20 patients (43%, no statistical significance), and uric acid levels decreased in 15 patients (33%, no statistical significance). Almost all subjects expressed a perceived substantial overall improvement in QOL (86%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION The main outcomes of this preliminary trial include a significant reduction of BUN, enhanced well-being, and absence of serious adverse effects, thus supporting the use of the chosen probiotic formulation for bowel-based toxic solute extraction. QOL and BUN levels showed statistically significant differences in outcome (P<0.05) between placebo and probiotic treatment periods at all four sites (46 patients). A major limitation of this trial is the small sample size nd elated inconsistencies.
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Adewole OO, Eze S, Betiku Y, Anteyi E, Wada I, Ajuwon Z, Erhabor G. Lipid profile in HIV/AIDS patients in Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2010; 10:144-149. [PMID: 21326966 PMCID: PMC2956300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations of serum lipid profiles have been reported widely among Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART). However, there are few data on serum lipid profile among treatment naïve HIV positive patients in our environment. OBJECTIVES To describe the pattern of lipid profile among treatment naïve HIV positive patients and changes following HAART initiation. METHODS One hundred and thirty HIV positive patients seen in HIV center in an urban area in Nigeria and 44 matched individuals were recruited. Data were collected on socio demographic characters, baseline lipid profiles and CD4 count. Values of lipid parameters were retrieved after 12 months on HAART. RESULTS The mean Low density lipoprotein(LDL) was 2.26+ 0.9 mmol/l among the test group compared with 0.96+0.39 mmol/L among the control, p value=0.000. The mean High density lipoprotein (HDL) was also significantly lower, 0.8+0.6 mmol/L reaching a dyslipidemic level, in the HIV positive group than the control, p value = 0.00. Tuberculosis/HIV co infected patients had a significantly elevated mean LDL, p=0.002. CONCLUSION Abnormality of serum lipid is common among treatment naïve HIV patients seen in Nigeria. The NNRTI regimen is associated with elevation of HDL and some stabilization of TC and TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Adewole
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common medical condition with significant adverse medical and public health consequences, but OSAS remains undiagnosed in many individuals. The Berlin questionnaire is a validated instrument that is used to identify individuals who are at risk for OSAS. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of high risk of OSAS in an adult population in Nigeria. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was done of 370 young adults and adults living in Abuja, Nigeria, using the Berlin questionnaire. This instrument includes questions about snoring; witnessed apneas, self-reported hypertension, and daytime sleepiness. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics. Excessive daytime sleepiness was determined using Epworth Sleepiness scale. Body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were calculated and measured, respectively. RESULTS Of the 370 respondents, 218 (59%) were females. The overall prevalence of snoring was 31%. Overall, 19% of participants (22% of men and 16% of women) met the Berlin questionnaire criteria indicating a high risk of OSAS. The highest prevalence of risk of OSAS occurred in ages 50 to 59 years for male. Respondents with a high risk for OSAS were more likely to be obese (BMI >30 kg/m2), have a higher mean ESS score, and a chronic medical condition than those who were at lower risk. CONCLUSIONS OSAS may be more common a medical problem than ever imagined among Nigerians.
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Adewole OO, Anteyi E, Ajuwon Z, Wada I, Elegba F, Ahmed P, Betiku Y, Okpe A, Eze S, Ogbeche T, Erhabor GE. Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Nigerian patients with HIV infection. J Infect Dev Ctries 2009; 3:369-75. [PMID: 19759507 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We set out to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses among human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals and its impact on pattern of presentation. METHODOLOGY A serological study for hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses was performed on 260 HIV-positive individuals. These patients were tested for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. RESULTS Thirty (11.5%) patients tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, six (2.3%) tested positive for anti-hepatitis C virus antibody, four (1.5%) were positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus and the overall prevalence was 15.4% . Individuals younger than 40 years of age were more affected, and the odds ratio of a female being co-infected was 1.2, 25% versus 75% p value = 0.03. The prevalence of HIV and hepatitis co-infection rises with age except for hepatitis C. There was no significant difference in the mean levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT) among the various groups. The groups differ significantly in their mean CD4 count: it was lowest for those co-infected with hepatitis B and hepatitis C; 106 cells/mm(3), 171 cells/mm(3) for those with HIV alone; and the highest value of 260 cells/mm(3) was obtained in those who tested positive for anti-HCV. Scarification marks and multiple blood transfusions were more common among those infected. There was no case of intravenous drug abuse identified. CONCLUSION This low frequency of HIV/HCV co-infection is probably due to the uncommon intravenous drug abuse in this population. Co-infection with hepatitis B virus is common among our HIV-infected patients and should be a major consideration in the initiation and choice of therapy.
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