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Xu P, Ling SS, Hu E, Yi BX. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2396-2403. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i14.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the vagina in postmenopausal women is an extremely rare malignant tumor that was originally described as a unique group of soft tissue sarcomas originating from primitive mesenchymal cells. It was first reported in postmenopausal women in 1970, and fewer than 50 postmenopausal patients have been reported to date.
CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old multiparous female was admitted to the hospital on October 11, 2023, with the chief complaint of a mass causing vaginal prolapse with incomplete urination that had persisted for 4 months. The vaginal mass was approximately the size of a pigeon egg; after lying down, the vaginal mass retracted. Complete resection was performed, and vaginal pleomorphic RMS was diagnosed based on pathology and immunohistochemical staining features. The patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy. The present study also reviewed the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features and latest treatment recommendations for vaginal RMS. Any abnormal vaginal mass should be promptly investigated through pelvic examination and appropriate imaging. The current initial treatment for vaginal RMS is biopsy and primary chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION When surgery is planned for vaginal RMS, an organ-preserving approach should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Ling
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - E Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bi-Xia Yi
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Akmatov MK, Hu E, Rüsenberg R, Kollan C, Schmidt D, Kohring C, Holstiege J, Bickel M, Bätzing J. Areas with high HIV prevalence: A spatial analysis of nationwide claims data in Germany. HIV Med 2024; 25:498-503. [PMID: 38072823 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify spatial clusters of high HIV prevalence in Germany. METHODS Using nationwide outpatient claims data comprising information of about 88% of the total German population (N = 72 041 683), we examined spatial variations and spatial clusters of high HIV prevalence at the district level (N = 401). People with HIV were identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10 codes) B20, B22, and B24 (HIV disease) documented as 'confirmed'. RESULTS Among 72 041 683 people with statutory health insurance in Germany in 2021, 72 636 had diagnosed HIV, which corresponds to a prevalence of 101 per 100 000 individuals (0.10%). Of these, 56 895 were males (78%). At a district level, the HIV prevalence varied by a factor of 32 between 13 in a rural district in Bavaria and 417 per 100 000 individuals in the German capital, Berlin. The spatial autocorrelation coefficient was 0.24 (p < 0.0001, Global Moran's I). Several high-prevalence spatial clusters of different sizes were identified, mostly located in western Germany. The largest cluster comprised eight districts in the southern part of Hesse, including the city of Frankfurt and the city of Mainz in Rhineland-Palatinate. The second cluster consisted of four districts in North Rhine-Westphalia, including the cities of Cologne and Düsseldorf. Two districts in southern Germany (Mannheim and Ludwigshafen) formed the third cluster. Only urban districts were observed in spatial clusters of high HIV prevalence. CONCLUSIONS The current study identified for the first time spatial clusters with high HIV prevalence in Germany. This understanding is of particular importance when planning the general and specialized medical care of patients with HIV and to support preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Akmatov
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Care Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care (Zi), Berlin, Germany
| | - E Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Care Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care (Zi), Berlin, Germany
| | - R Rüsenberg
- German Association of Physicians in HIV-Care (dagnä e.V.), Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kollan
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kohring
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Care Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care (Zi), Berlin, Germany
| | - J Holstiege
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Care Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care (Zi), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Bickel
- Infektiologikum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Bätzing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Care Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care (Zi), Berlin, Germany
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Xu P, Xu H, Lu Q, Ling S, Hu E, Song Y, Liu J, Yi B. Reproductive outcomes following copper‑containing intrauterine device after hysteroscopic lysis for intrauterine adhesions. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:175. [PMID: 38476904 PMCID: PMC10928823 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the reproductive outcomes of copper-containing intrauterine devices (IUDs) after hysteroscopic lysis in patients with mild to severe intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), according to the American Fertility Society (AFS) classification. Therefore, a prospective randomized controlled study was conducted at the Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Jinhua, China). A total of 173 women with IUAs were initially recruited between January 2020 and June 2021 and were then randomized to the copper-containing IUD group or the no barrier device group. Following hysteroscopic procedure, the fertility and obstetric outcomes were analyzed. Among the 173 patients enrolled, a total of 109 participants completed the study protocol. The results showed that AFS scores were not significantly different between the two groups prior to hysteroscopy. In addition, no statistically significant differences were recorded in pregnancy and live birth rates between the copper-containing IUD and no barrier device groups. Overall, the results of the current study indicated that the copper-containing IUDs had no positive effect on pregnancy and live birth rates in patients with mild to severe IUAs after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. The present trial was retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 28th December 2023 (registration no. ChiCTR2300079233).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoqiao Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - E Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Bixia Yi
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
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Jayaram L, King PT, Hunt J, Lim M, Park C, Hu E, Dousha L, Ha P, Bartlett JB, Southcott AM, Muruganandan S, Vogrin S, Rees MA, Dean OM, Wong CA. Evaluation of high dose N- Acetylcysteine on airway inflammation and quality of life outcomes in adults with bronchiectasis: A randomised placebo-controlled pilot study. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2024; 84:102283. [PMID: 38141851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dose N acetylcysteine (NAC), a mucolytic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent has been shown to significantly reduce exacerbations, and improve quality of life in placebo controlled, double blind randomised (RCT) studies in patients with COPD, and in an open, randomised study in bronchiectasis. In this pilot, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we wished to investigate the feasibility of a larger clinical trial, and the anti-inflammatory and clinical benefits of high dose NAC in bronchiectasis. AIMS Primary outcome: to assess the efficacy of NAC 2400 mg/day at 6 weeks on sputum neutrophil elastase (NE), a surrogate marker for exacerbations. Secondary aims included assessing the efficacy of NAC on sputum MUC5B, IL-8, lung function, quality of life, and adverse effects. METHODS Participants were randomised to receive 2400 mg or placebo for 6 weeks. They underwent 3 visits: at baseline, week 3 and week 6 where clinical and sputum measurements were assessed. RESULTS The study was stopped early due to the COVID pandemic. In total 24/30 patients were recruited, of which 17 completed all aspects of the study. Given this, a per protocol analysis was undertaken: NAC (n = 9) vs placebo (n = 8): mean age 72 vs 62 years; male gender: 44% vs 50%; baseline median FEV11.56 L (mean 71.5 % predicted) vs 2.29L (mean 82.2% predicted). At 6 weeks, sputum NE fell by 47% in the NAC group relative to placebo (mean fold difference (95%CI: 0.53 (0.12,2.42); MUC5B increased by 48% with NAC compared with placebo. Lung function, FVC improved significantly with NAC compared with placebo at 6 weeks (mean fold difference (95%CI): 1.10 (1.00, 1.20), p = 0.045. Bronchiectasis Quality of life measures within the respiratory and social functioning domains demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements, with social functioning reaching statistical significance. Adverse effects were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION High dose NAC exhibits anti-inflammatory benefits, and improvements in aspects of quality of life and lung function measures. It is safe and well tolerated. Further larger placebo controlled RCT's are now warranted examining its role in reducing exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jayaram
- Western Health, Gordon Street, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - P T King
- Monash Medical Centre, Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3068, Australia; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3068, Australia
| | - J Hunt
- Western Health, Gordon Street, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - M Lim
- Western Health, Gordon Street, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - C Park
- Western Health, Gordon Street, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - E Hu
- Western Health, Gordon Street, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - L Dousha
- Monash Medical Centre, Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3068, Australia; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3068, Australia
| | - P Ha
- Western Health, Gordon Street, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - J B Bartlett
- Western Health, Gordon Street, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - A M Southcott
- Western Health, Gordon Street, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - S Muruganandan
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Northern Health, Epping, VIC, 3076 Australia
| | - S Vogrin
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - M A Rees
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Gratten St, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - O M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, 3220 Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, VIC , 3010, Australia
| | - C A Wong
- Middlemore Hospital, Te Whatu Ora, Otahuhu, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Park Road, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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Hu E, Jia BE, Zhu Q, Xu J, Loh XJ, Chen J, Pan H, Yan Q. Engineering High Voltage Aqueous Aluminum-Ion Batteries. Small 2024:e2309252. [PMID: 38217311 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The energy transition to renewables necessitates innovative storage solutions beyond the capacities of lithium-ion batteries. Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs), particularly their aqueous variants (AAIBs), have emerged as potential successors due to their abundant resources, electrochemical advantages, and eco-friendliness. However, they grapple with achieving their theoretical voltage potential, often yielding less than expected. This perspective article provides a comprehensive examination of the voltage challenges faced by AAIBs, attributing gaps to factors such as the aluminum reduction potential, hydrogen evolution reaction, and aluminum's inherent passivation. Through a critical exploration of methodologies, strategies, such as underpotential deposition, alloying, interface enhancements, tailored electrolyte compositions, and advanced cathode design, are proposed. This piece seeks to guide researchers in harnessing the full potential of AAIBs in the global energy storage landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhai Hu
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Bei-Er Jia
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hongge Pan
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qingyu Yan
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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Xu H, Jin Y, Hu E, Huang Z, Yi B, Wang F. Clinical Diagnosis of Cervical Lesions Combined with Programmed Death Ligand and miR-124 Detection in Peripheral Blood. Altern Ther Health Med 2023:AT9781. [PMID: 38295311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to analyze the expression of colposcopy combined with PD-L1 (programmed death ligand-1) and miR-124 (microRNA-124) in CC (cervical cancer) and CIN (cervical precancerous lesions), providing insights for clinical screening and diagnosis of these conditions. Method A total of 60 patients with suspicious cervical lesions were selected from the gynecological clinic at Jinhua People's Hospital between June 2021 and December 2021. The patients were divided into three groups: LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions), HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions), and no SIL group, with 20 cases per group. This sample distribution ensures a comprehensive representation of different lesion severities. Pathological tissues were collected from each group for immunohistochemistry analysis to assess PD-L1 expression. Peripheral blood samples were also obtained from the patients for PCR analysis to evaluate miR-124 expression. These techniques allowed us to examine the expression levels of PD-L1 and miR-124 in the samples accurately. Result The HSIL group exhibited a higher rate of positive PD-L1 expression compared to the LSIL and no lesion groups. Additionally, the expression level of miR-124 was lower in the HSIL group compared to the LSIL and no lesion groups (P < .05). Statistical measures such as means, standard deviations, and P values were used to quantify these differences, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the results. Conclusions Combining colposcopy results with the expression of PD-L1 and miR-124 can effectively evaluate precancerous lesions of cervical cancer. This combined approach holds significant clinical implications by potentially enhancing early detection, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for CC and CIN. Further research in this area may lead to improved patient outcomes and contribute to the development of targeted therapies.
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Luo Y, Chen X, Hu E, Wang L, Yang Y, Jiang X, Zheng K, Wang L, Li J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Xie Y. TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALED THE MOLECULAR SIGNATURES OF CISPLATIN-FLUOROURACIL COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY RESISTANCE IN GASTRIC CANCER. Georgian Med News 2023:6-18. [PMID: 38325291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is among the top five malignant tumors worldwide in terms of morbidity and death. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for unresectable or advanced postoperative GC. Chemotherapy resistance developed against cisplatin-fluorouracil (CF) combined chemotherapy is one of the most common clinical issues in patients with GC, leading to poor prognosis. Two different methods were used to analyze GSE14210, and two gene sets were obtained. The first method involved performing the traditional difference analysis (adjusted p<0.05, |log2FC|>=1) by Network Analyst to obtain gene set 1, followed by conducting gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis on the obtained gene set. The second method involved using iDEP to make the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and performing GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, to obtain gene set 2. Thereafter, the STRING database and Cytoscape were used to construct Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks, screen core clusters, and hub genes of the two gene sets. Furthermore, the hub genes were verified in GSE14210 by the survival analysis method of the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Finally, we analyzed the mRNA expression of the hub genes by UALCAN and the protein expression of the same by Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Three real hub genes with the same mRNA expression as that of protein were identified, including CENPB, MTA1, and GCNT3. Finally, we performed single gene GO and KEGG enrichment analyses to explore the possible mechanisms of action of these three genes. The mRNA and protein expressions of CENPB, MTA1, and GCNT3 were upregulated in CF-resistant GC patients, and they were significantly associated with bad overall survival (OS). CENPB, MTA1 and GCNT3 are expected to be biomarkers with promising clinical applications as potential therapeutic targets for patients with refractory GC treated with CF combined chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - X Chen
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - E Hu
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - L Wang
- 3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Yang
- 3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Jiang
- 4Gaoping District People's Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - K Zheng
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - L Wang
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - J Li
- 5Sports Rehabilitation, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xu
- 5Sports Rehabilitation, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Wang
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xie
- 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan; 2School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hu Y, Liu J, Lee C, Luo W, Dong J, Liang Z, Chen M, Hu E, Zhang M, Debbie Soo XY, Zhu Q, Li F, Rawat RS, Ng MF, Zhong L, Han B, Geng D, Yan Q. Balanced NO x- and Proton Adsorption for Efficient Electrocatalytic NO x- to NH 3 Conversion. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37979042 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic nitrate (NO3-)/nitrite (NO2-) reduction reaction (eNOx-RR) to ammonia under ambient conditions presents a green and promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process. Practically available NOx- sources, such as wastewater or plasma-enabled nitrogen oxidation reaction (p-NOR), typically have low NOx- concentrations. Hence, electrocatalyst engineering is important for practical eNOx-RR to obtain both high NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) and high yield rate. Herein, we designed balanced NOx- and proton adsorption by properly introducing Cu sites into the Fe/Fe2O3 electrocatalyst. During the eNOx-RR process, the H adsorption is balanced, and the good NOx- affinity is maintained. As a consequence, the designed Cu-Fe/Fe2O3 catalyst exhibits promising performance, with an average NH3 FE of ∼98% and an average NH3 yield rate of 15.66 mg h-1 cm-2 under the low NO3- concentration (32.3 mM) of typical industrial wastewater at an applied potential of -0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). With low-power direct current p-NOR generated NOx- (23.5 mM) in KOH electrolyte, the Cu-Fe/Fe2O3 catalyst achieves an FE of ∼99% and a yield rate of 15.1 mg h-1 cm-2 for NH3 production at -0.5 V (vs RHE). The performance achieved in this study exceeds industrialization targets for NH3 production by exploiting two available low-concentration NOx- sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 138634, Singapore
| | - Carmen Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenyu Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jinfeng Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhishan Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mengxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Erhai Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 138634, Singapore
| | | | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 138634, Singapore
| | - Fengkun Li
- Natural Science and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rajdeep Singh Rawat
- Natural Science and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
| | - Man-Fai Ng
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), A*STAR, 138632, Singapore
| | - Lixiang Zhong
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Han
- SCARCE Laboratory, Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Dongsheng Geng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qingyu Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 138634, Singapore
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Zhong Y, Hu E, Wu Y, An Q, Wang C, Bai H, Gao W. Reconstructing a long-term water storage-based drought index in the Yangtze River Basin. Sci Total Environ 2023; 883:163403. [PMID: 37059147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a prolonged dry period in the natural climate cycle, and is one of the most costly weather events. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) derived terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) have been widely used to assess drought severity. However, the relatively short cover period of GRACE and GRACE Follow-On limit our knowledge about the characterization and evolution of drought over decades time scale. This study proposes a standardized GRACE reconstructed TWSA index (SGRTI) to assess the drought severity based on a statistical reconstruction method calibrated by GRACE observations. Results show that the SGRTI correlates well with 6-month scale SPI and SPEI, with correlation coefficients reaching 0.79 and 0.81 in the YRB from 1981 to 2019. Soil moisture can capture drought condition like the SGRTI, while cannot further reflect deeper water storage depletion. The SGRTI is also comparable to the SRI and in-situ water level. As a case study for the Yangtze River Basin, its three sub-basins experience more frequent droughts, shorter drought duration, and lower severity drought, as identified by SGRTI during 1992-2019 relative to 1963-1991. The presented SGRTI in this study can provide a valuable supplement to the drought index before the GRACE era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhong
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China; Artificial Intelligence School, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - E Hu
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yunlong Wu
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Qing An
- Artificial Intelligence School, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Changqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Hongbing Bai
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
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Morar S, Bhattacharyya B, Nandikolmath S, Hu E, Abboud R. Abstract No. 286 Variance of information standardization between integrated interventional radiology and neurosurgery residency program websites. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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11
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Yang H, Hu E, Matthews JL, Varga ZM, Tiersch TR. Is catalase an effective additive to alleviate oxidative stress during cryopreservation of zebrafish sperm at the repository level? Cryobiology 2022; 104:70-78. [PMID: 34728226 PMCID: PMC8923218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate whether supplementation of cryoprotective medium with catalase (CAT), an antioxidation enzyme, is efficient for zebrafish sperm cryopreservation from the viewpoint of high-throughput genetic repository operations. Three cryoprotectants (10%, v/v), dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethylformamide (DMF), and methanol were used. The objectives were to evaluate the effects of CAT on sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, and concentration for: 1) fresh sperm at equilibration up to 60 min; 2) post-thaw sperm after cooling at 10, 20, and 40 °C/min), and 3) post-thaw fertilization and embryo survival rates. Catalase addition did not improve sperm motility, regardless of the cryoprotectants added. After 10-min exposure to DMA or methanol, membrane integrity was significantly decreased (70-75%) compared to controls. With catalase, sperm cells maintained membrane integrity and after 50 min equilibration, cell concentrations were maintained with CAT compared to cryoprotectant-only test groups. However, after cryopreservation and thawing, CAT did not affect the outcome of motility, membrane integrity, cell concentration, fertilization, or embryo survival assays. Analysis of cooling rates also indicated that CAT did not affect 3-hpf fertilization or 24-hpf survival rates. Overall, addition of CAT could provide some protection of sperm from oxidative stress before freezing, but not after thawing. We propose that decisions concerning routine use of CAT for repositories, especially those handling tens of thousands of frozen samples per year, would depend on whether efficient high-throughput operation, or specific research questions are programmatic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Yang
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32653
| | - E Hu
- Primo Broodstock USA LLC, 3901 County Line Ditch Rd, Mims, Florida, 32754, USA
| | - Jennifer L Matthews
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, 5274 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Zoltan M. Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, 5274 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
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12
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O'Shea A, Batten A, Hu E, Augustine M, Kaboli P. Association between Secure Messaging and Primary Care Face‐to‐Face Visits and Phone Visits. Health Serv Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. O'Shea
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System Iowa City IA United States
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA United States
| | - A. Batten
- Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States
| | - E. Hu
- Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States
| | - M. Augustine
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA United States
| | - P. Kaboli
- Iowa City VA Medical Center and University of Iowa Iowa City IA United States
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13
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Yang H, Hu E, Tiersch T, Carmichael C, Matthews J, Varga ZM. Temporal and Concentration Effects of Methanol on Cryopreservation of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Sperm. Zebrafish 2020; 17:233-242. [PMID: 32598236 PMCID: PMC7455470 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the cryoprotective effects of methanol on zebrafish sperm at different concentrations, exposure times, and stages during cryopreservation. Samples were collected by crushing of dissected testes or abdominal stripping. After exposure to 0%, 2%, 5%, 8%, and 10% methanol for 0-11 min, fresh sperm (1 × 106 cells/mL) did not show changes in plasma membrane integrity (measured by flow cytometer), but cell size changes (light scatter) were observed after exposure to 8% or 10%. After exposure for 0-60 min, fresh sperm (1 × 108 cells/mL) did not show significant changes in survival or membrane integrity. Sperm cryopreserved in 5%, 8%, and 10% methanol showed high post-thaw survival, in 5% and 8% showed high post-thaw motility, and in 5% showed highest post-thaw membrane integrity compared to other concentrations between 0% and 10%. Within 0-60 min after thawing, no significant differences in cell survival and membrane integrity were found for any concentration (p ≥ 0.269). Comparison of 5% and 8% methanol for dissected testes (n = 20) revealed no difference in post-thaw motility, membrane integrity, cell survival, fertilization, or hatching, embryo viability; for stripped sperm (n = 10), no differences were observed in post-thaw membrane integrity, fertilization, and embryo viability, however, higher motility and survival were detected in 5% than in 8% methanol. Thus, a concentration of 5% methanol seems most suitable for cryopreserving zebrafish sperm based on post-thaw survival and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Yang
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - E Hu
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Aquaculture Technologies, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Terrence Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Carrie Carmichael
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, 5274 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Jen Matthews
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, 5274 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Zoltan M. Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, 5274 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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14
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June GA, Sherrod PS, Hammack TS, Amaguaña RM, Andrews WH, Arling V, Ayers S, Ayotte E, Cirigliano M, Clifford DC, Cook D, Coles C, Dabney A, Davis T, Diaz B, Driggs RM, Eliasberg S, Fain A, Fung DYC, Hammers A, Hu E, Jirele K, Keating KJ, Kogan S, Kone K, Kuyyakamont B, Luebbert K, McDonagh S, McNally S, Mettler D, Milas J, Miller C, Nelson T, Nguyen P, Pfundheller R, Phebus RK, Redding R, Richardson S, Richter E, Robinson J, Romer J, Roo DW, Smoot L, Snow K, Tate C, Tompkins L, Vanderbilt K, Varney GW, Wagner D, Wang J, Wchienroj K. Relative Effectiveness of Selenite Cystine Broth, Tetrathionate Broth, and Rappaport-Vassiliadis Medium for Recovery of Salmonella spp. from Raw Flesh, Highly Contaminated Foods, and Poultry Feed: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/79.6.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was performed in 18 laboratories to validate use of Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) medium in the standard culture method for recovery of Salmonella spp. from raw, highly contaminated foods and poultry feed. RV medium made from its individual ingredients and incubated at 42�C was compared with selenite cystine (SC) broth incubated at 35�C and tetrathionate (TT) broth incubated at 35� and 43�C for effectiveness in recovery of Salmonella spp. Four artificially contaminated foods (oysters, frog legs, mushrooms, and shrimp) and poultry feed and one naturally contaminated food (chicken) were analyzed. The artificially contaminated foods were inoculated with single serovars of Salmonella at target levels of 0.04 colony-forming units (CFU)/g for the low level and 0.4 CFU/g for the high level. For analysis of 1125 test portions, RV medium (42�C) recovered Salmonellairom 409 test portions; TT (43�C), from 368 test portions; TT (35�C), from 310 test portions; and SC (35�C), from 334 test portions. Overall, RV medium was comparable with or better than other selective enrichments for recovery of Salmonella from the foods in this study, except mushrooms. From mushrooms, SC broth (35�C) recovered more positive test portions than did RV medium (42�C) and TT broth (43�C). The method for detection of Salmonella in raw, highly contaminated foods and
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine A June
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204
| | - Patricia S Sherrod
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204
| | - Thomas S Hammack
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204
| | - R Miguel Amaguaña
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204
| | - Wallace H Andrews
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204
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15
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Yang H, Hu E, Buchanan JT, Tiersch TR. A Strategy for Sperm Cryopreservation of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, for Remote Commercial-scale High-throughput Processing. J World Aquac Soc 2018; 49:96-112. [PMID: 29651197 PMCID: PMC5891143 DOI: 10.1111/jwas.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is an essential tool for long-term storage of genetic resources for aquaculture fishes. The goal of this study was to develop an efficient and streamlined protocol for high-throughput processing for sperm cryopreservation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. The objectives were to evaluate: 1) osmolality of blood serum for determining extender osmolality; 2) effects of extenders for fresh sperm dilution and refrigerated storage; 3) effects of methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on fresh sperm motility, and 4) motility and fertility after thawing. In this study, sperm samples were collected at a hatchery site in Canada, and shipped to a freezing site located 2200 miles (3550 km) away in the United States. Evaluation of three extenders indicated that Mounib solution was suitable for diluting dry sperm for sample processing. Ten percent of methanol or DMSO was less toxic to sperm cells than was 15% within 30 min. Further testing with methanol at 5, 10, and 15%, and sperm solution:extender dilutions (v:v) of 1:1, 1:3, 1:19 (at concentrations of ~5×107; 3×108, and 1×109 cells/mL) indicated that methanol at 5% and 10% showed less toxicity to fresh sperm within 1 hr at sperm: extender dilutions of 1:1 and 1:3. Post-thaw motility of sperm cryopreserved with 10% methanol was significantly higher than that with 10% DMSO, and fertility reflected those results (0-1% in DMSO vs. 38-55% in methanol). Further evaluation of sperm cryopreservation with 10 and 15% methanol at sperm dilution ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:19 indicated post-thaw motility in 10% methanol was significantly higher than that in 15% methanol, and post-thaw fertility in 10% methanol at 1:1 and 1:3 dilution ratios had fertilization rates similar to that of fresh sperm controls. Sperm samples from 12 males cryopreserved with 10% methanol showed male-to-male variation in post-thaw motility (0-36%). Overall, a simplified standard protocol was established for cryopreservation of shipped sperm of Atlantic salmon using extender without egg yolk and yielded satisfactory post-thaw motility and fertilization rates. This procedure can be readily adopted by aquaculture facilities to take advantage of high-throughput cryopreservation capabilities at remote service centers. Most importantly, this approach lays the groundwork for an alternative commercial model for commercial-scale production, quality control and development of industrial standards. Control of male variability and sperm quality remain important considerations for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Yang
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, IFAS, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71 Street, Gainesville, FL 32653
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2288 Gourrier Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70820
| | - E Hu
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2288 Gourrier Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70820
- Center for Aquaculture Technologies, Inc., Aqua Bounty Technologies, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - John T. Buchanan
- Center for Aquaculture Technologies, Inc., Aqua Bounty Technologies, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2288 Gourrier Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70820
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16
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Hu E, Childress W, Tiersch TR. 3-D printing provides a novel approach for standardization and reproducibility of freezing devices. Cryobiology 2017; 76:34-40. [PMID: 28465185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation has become an important and accepted tool for long-term germplasm conservation of animals and plants. To protect genetic resources, repositories have been developed with national and international cooperation. For a repository to be effective, the genetic material submitted must be of good quality and comparable to other submissions. However, due to a variety of reasons, including constraints in knowledge and available resources, cryopreservation methods for aquatic species vary widely across user groups which reduces reproducibility and weakens quality control. Herein we describe a standardizable freezing device produced using 3-dimensional (3-D) printing and introduce the concept of network sharing to achieve aggregate high-throughput cryopreservation for aquatic species. The objectives were to: 1) adapt widely available polystyrene foam products that would be inexpensive, portable, and provide adequate work space; 2) develop a design suitable for 3-D printing that could provide multiple configurations, be inexpensive, and easy to use, and 3) evaluate various configurations to attain freezing rates suitable for various common cryopreservation containers. Through this approach, identical components can be accessed globally, and we demonstrated that 3-D printers can be used to fabricate parts for standardizable freezing devices yielding relevant and reproducible cooling rates across users. With standardized devices for freezing, methods and samples can harmonize into an aggregated high-throughput pathway not currently available for aquatic species repository development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hu
- Center for Aquaculture Technologies, Inc., 8395 Camino Santa Fe, Ste E, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
| | - William Childress
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
| | - Terrence R Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA.
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17
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Cuevas-Uribe R, Hu E, Daniels H, Gill AO, Tiersch TR. Vitrification as an Alternative Approach for Sperm Cryopreservation in Marine Fishes. N Am J Aquac 2017; 79:187-196. [PMID: 28936125 PMCID: PMC5603317 DOI: 10.1080/15222055.2017.1281855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma is a high-value species and a promising aquaculture candidate. Because sperm volume can be limited in this species (<500 μL), new sperm cryopreservation methods need to be evaluated. Vitrification is an alternative to conventional slow-rate freezing, whereby small volumes are cryopreserved at high cooling rates (>1,000°C/min). The goal of this work was to develop a standardized approach for vitrification of Southern Flounder sperm. The specific objectives were to (1) evaluate thawing methods and vitrification solutions, (2) evaluate the postthaw membrane integrity of sperm vitrified in different cryoprotectant solutions, (3) examine the relationship between membrane integrity and motility, and (4) evaluate the ability of vitrified sperm to fertilize eggs. From the vitrification solutions tested, the highest postthaw motility (28 ± 9% [mean ± SD]) and membrane integrity (11 ± 4%) was observed for 20% ethylene glycol plus 20% glycerol. There was no significant difference in postthaw motility of sperm thawed at 21°C or at 37°C. Fertilization from vitrified sperm in one trial yielded the same fertilization rate (50 ± 20%) as the fresh sperm control, while the sperm from the other two males yielded 3%. This is the first report of fertilization by vitrified sperm in a marine fish. Vitrification can be simple, fast, inexpensive, performed in the field, and, at least for small fishes, offers an alternative to conventional cryopreservation. Because of the minute volumes needed for ultrarapid cooling, vitrification is not presently suited as a production method for large fishes. Vitrification can be used to reconstitute lines from valuable culture species and biomedical models, conserve mutants for development of novel lines for ornamental aquaculture, and transport frozen sperm from the field to the repository to expand genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cuevas-Uribe
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Humboldt State University, One Harpst Street, Arcata, California 95521, USA
| | - E Hu
- Center for Aquaculture Technologies, Inc., 8395 Camino Santa Fe, Suite E, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Harry Daniels
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Adriane O Gill
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Terrence R Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, USA
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18
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Hurvitz SA, Martinez DA, Singh R, Taguchi J, Chan D, Dichmann R, Castrellon A, Barstis J, Hu E, Berkowitz J, Mani A, DiCarlo B, Smalberg I, Hobbs E, Slamon DJ. Abstract P1-12-07: Phase Ib/II single-arm trial evaluating the combination of everolimus, lapatinib and capecitabine for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer with progression in the CNS after trastuzumab (TRIO-US B-09). Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p1-12-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Improving outcomes for patients with HER2+ CNS metastases remains an unmet clinical need. Lapatinib (L) plus capecitabine (C) yields a 20% objective response rate (ORR) in the CNS in patients with previously treated HER2+ breast cancer brain metastases (Lin N, Clin Cancer Res 2009). Everolimus (E), an oral inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), penetrates into the CNS in murine xenograft models (Meikle L, J Neurosci 2008). TRIO-US B09 is an investigator-initiated trial evaluating the safety and clinical activity of the novel combination of L+C+E for the treatment of patients with HER2+ breast cancer brain metastases.
Methods: Patients with trastuzumab-pretreated, HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with progression of disease (PD) in the brain and a measurable brain lesion participated. Patients were excluded if they had a prior mTOR inhibitor or an ECOG PS>2. Prior L and/or C, and prior surgery and/or radiation to the brain were allowed. The primary endpoint was CNS ORR at 12 weeks (cycle 3) by RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included safety, progression-free survival, overall survival and extra-CNS ORR. To test the safety of the combination of L+C+E, a 3+3 dose escalation phase was conducted (starting doses: L 1000 mg QD, E 5 mg QD, C: 750 mg/m2 BID d1-14). Treatment was given Q21 days. Patients were evaluated for dose limiting toxicities during C1. Tumor imaging was conducted every 3 cycles. MRI of the brain was performed every 2 cycles through cycle 6 and then every 3 cycles. Neurological symptom assessment was conducted on day 1 of every cycle. Study participants continued to receive treatment until PD, unacceptable toxicity or withdrawal of consent for 12 mos.
Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled at 11 sites in the US and treated with at least one dose of study drug. Of 18 patients with data available, median age was 58.5 (45-68), median number of systemic therapies for MBC was 2 (0-6), and 94.4% had prior radiation and/or surgical resection of brain metastases. 10 patients participated in the dose escalation phase of the study. The maximum tolerated doses were determined to be L 1000 mg QD, E 10 mg QD + C 1000 mg/m2BID days 1-14; however, given tolerability concerns, dose expansion proceeded with Cohort 2 dose for C (750 mg/m2 BID d1-14). Of 17 eligible patients with imaging results available to date, 2 (12%) had a partial response in the CNS at week 12, one of whom continues on study (currently in cycle 13). Stable disease was observed in 7 patients. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events (AE) (CTCAE v4.0) related to E and/or L in 18 treated patients were anorexia (5.5%), dehydration (5.5%), diarrhea (17%), fatigue (5.5%), fever (5.5%) hyperglycemia (5.5%), hypokalemia (11%), and oral mucositis (17%).
Conclusions: This is the first report of this regimen for patients with HER2+ MBC to the brain. This regimen is generally well-tolerated and shows promising activity in the CNS of heavily pretreated patients. Final efficacy and toxicity analyses for all 19 patients will be presented.
Citation Format: Hurvitz SA, Martinez DA, Singh R, Taguchi J, Chan D, Dichmann R, Castrellon A, Barstis J, Hu E, Berkowitz J, Mani A, DiCarlo B, Smalberg I, Hobbs E, Slamon DJ. Phase Ib/II single-arm trial evaluating the combination of everolimus, lapatinib and capecitabine for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer with progression in the CNS after trastuzumab (TRIO-US B-09) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- SA Hurvitz
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - DA Martinez
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - R Singh
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - J Taguchi
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - D Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - R Dichmann
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - A Castrellon
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - J Barstis
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - E Hu
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - J Berkowitz
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - A Mani
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - B DiCarlo
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - I Smalberg
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - E Hobbs
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
| | - DJ Slamon
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA; Cancer Center of Santa Barbara with Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, CA; Cancer Care Redondo Beach, Redondo Beach, CA; Central Coast Medical Oncology, Santa Maria, CA; Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL; San Luis Obispo Oncology/Hematology Health Center, San Luis Obispo, CA; Tower St. John's Imaging, Santa Monica, CA; Oregon Health Sciences University, OR
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Torres L, Hu E, Tiersch TR. Cryopreservation in fish: current status and pathways to quality assurance and quality control in repository development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:RD15388. [PMID: 26739583 PMCID: PMC5600707 DOI: 10.1071/rd15388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation in aquatic species in general has been constrained to research activities for more than 60 years. Although the need for application and commercialisation pathways has become clear, the lack of comprehensive quality assurance and quality control programs has impeded the progress of the field, delaying the establishment of germplasm repositories and commercial-scale applications. In this review we focus on the opportunities for standardisation in the practices involved in the four main stages of the cryopreservation process: (1) source, housing and conditioning of fish; (2) sample collection and preparation; (3) freezing and cryogenic storage of samples; and (4) egg collection and use of thawed sperm samples. In addition, we introduce some key factors that would assist the transition to commercial-scale, high-throughput application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Torres
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2288 Gourrier Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
| | - E. Hu
- Center for Aquaculture Technologies, Inc., 8395 Camino Santa Fe. Suite E, San Diego, CA 92126, USA
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2288 Gourrier Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
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Lee M, Hu E, Yi B. SU-E-T-600: Patient Specific IMRT Verification Using a Phosphor-Screen Based Geometric QA System: A Preliminary Study. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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Yi B, Hu E, Yu C, Lee M, Lasio G. SU-E-J-189: Determination of Markerless Lung Tumor Position in Real Time: A Feasibility Study Using a Novel Tomo-Cinegraphy Imaging. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Lasio G, Hu E, Zhou J, Lee M, Yi B. SU-C-207-04: Reconstruction Artifact Reduction in X-Ray Cone Beam CT Using a Treatment Couch Model. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4923835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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23
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Hu E, Lasio G, Lee M, Chen S, Yi B. SU-E-J-76: CBCT Reconstruction of a Full Couch Using Rigid Registration and Pre-Scanned Couch Image and Its Clinical Application. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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24
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Hu E, Liao TW, Tiersch TR. Simulation modeling of high-throughput cryopreservation of aquatic germplasm: a case study of blue catfish sperm processing. Aquac Res 2015; 46:432-445. [PMID: 25580079 PMCID: PMC4285714 DOI: 10.1111/are.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Emerging commercial-level technology for aquatic sperm cryopreservation has not been modeled by computer simulation. Commercially available software (ARENA, Rockwell Automation, Inc. Milwaukee, WI) was applied to simulate high-throughput sperm cryopreservation of blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) based on existing processing capabilities. The goal was to develop a simulation model suitable for production planning and decision making. The objectives were to: 1) predict the maximum output for 8-hr workday; 2) analyze the bottlenecks within the process, and 3) estimate operational costs when run for daily maximum output. High-throughput cryopreservation was divided into six major steps modeled with time, resources and logic structures. The modeled production processed 18 fish and produced 1164 ± 33 (mean ± SD) 0.5-ml straws containing one billion cryopreserved sperm. Two such production lines could support all hybrid catfish production in the US and 15 such lines could support the entire channel catfish industry if it were to adopt artificial spawning techniques. Evaluations were made to improve efficiency, such as increasing scale, optimizing resources, and eliminating underutilized equipment. This model can serve as a template for other aquatic species and assist decision making in industrial application of aquatic germplasm in aquaculture, stock enhancement, conservation, and biomedical model fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hu
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agriculture Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - T. W. Liao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - T. R. Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agriculture Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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Yi B, Hu E, Yu C, Lasio G. WE-E-18A-11: Fluoro-Tomographic Images From Projections of On-Board Imager (OBI) While Gantry Is Moving. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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26
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Hu E, Lasio G, Yi B. SU-D-17A-02: Four-Dimensional CBCT Using Conventional CBCT Dataset and Iterative Subtraction Algorithm of a Lung Patient. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4887895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hu E, Liao TW, Tiersch TR. A quality assurance initiative for commercial-scale production in high-throughput cryopreservation of blue catfish sperm. Cryobiology 2013; 67:214-24. [PMID: 23872356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of fish sperm has been studied for decades at a laboratory (research) scale. However, high-throughput cryopreservation of fish sperm has recently been developed to enable industrial-scale production. This study treated blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) sperm high-throughput cryopreservation as a manufacturing production line and initiated quality assurance plan development. The main objectives were to identify: (1) the main production quality characteristics; (2) the process features for quality assurance; (3) the internal quality characteristics and their specification designs; (4) the quality control and process capability evaluation methods, and (5) the directions for further improvements and applications. The essential product quality characteristics were identified as fertility-related characteristics. Specification design which established the tolerance levels according to demand and process constraints was performed based on these quality characteristics. Meanwhile, to ensure integrity throughout the process, internal quality characteristics (characteristics at each quality control point within process) that could affect fertility-related quality characteristics were defined with specifications. Due to the process feature of 100% inspection (quality inspection of every fish), a specific calculation method, use of cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts, was applied to monitor each quality characteristic. An index of overall process evaluation, process capacity, was analyzed based on in-control process and the designed specifications, which further integrates the quality assurance plan. With the established quality assurance plan, the process could operate stably and quality of products would be reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hu
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
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Lee S, Hu E, Yu C, Lasio G, Yi B. SU-E-CAMPUS-T-04: A Delivery Method of Tumor Tracking Radiation Beam Using a Beam Switching Interface for Irregular Breathing. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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29
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Yi B, Lu W, Lee S, Hu E, Yu C, Lasio G. SU-D-WAB-06: Sources of Motion Artifacts in 4DCT Reconstruction. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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30
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Hu E, Lasio G, Yu C, Lee S, Yi B. TH-C-103-05: A Novel Method to Improve Single Phase Reconstruction Quality From Conventional CBCT Dataset. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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31
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Wright JL, Plymate SR, Porter MP, Gore JL, Lin DW, Hu E, Zeliadt SB. Hyperglycemia and prostate cancer recurrence in men treated for localized prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2013; 16:204-8. [PMID: 23459096 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is consistently linked with prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence and mortality, though the mechanism is unknown. Impaired glucose regulation, which is common among obese individuals, has been hypothesized as a potential mechanism for PCa tumor growth. In this study, we explore the relationship between serum glucose at time of treatment and risk of PCa recurrence following initial therapy. METHODS The study group comprised 1734 men treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT) for localized PCa between 2001-2010. Serum glucose levels closest to date of diagnosis were determined. PCa recurrence was determined based on PSA progression (nadir PSA+2 for RT; PSA≥0.2 for RP) or secondary therapy. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to determine whether glucose level was associated with biochemical recurrence after adjusting for age, race, body mass index, comorbidity, diagnosis of diabetes, Gleason Sum, PSA, treatment and treatment year. RESULTS Recurrence was identified in 16% of men over a mean follow-up period of 41 months (range 1-121 months). Those with elevated glucose (≥100 mg/dl) had a 50% increased risk of recurrence (HR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) compared with those with a normal glucose level (<100 mg/dl). This effect was seen in both those undergoing RP (HR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0-3.6) and those treated with RT (HR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-2.0). CONCLUSIONS Glucose levels at the time of PCa diagnosis are an independent predictor of PCa recurrence for men undergoing treatment for localized disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wright
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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32
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Hu E, Zhou S. SU-D-BRA-05: Prostatectomy Patient's Bladder and Rectum Inter-Fraction Organ Motion and Deformation Can Be Described by a Gaussian Signed Distance Field. Med Phys 2012; 39:3617. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4734683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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33
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Tiersch TR, Yang H, Hu E. Outlook for development of high-throughput cryopreservation for small-bodied biomedical model fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:49-54. [PMID: 21885352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
With the development of genomic research technologies, comparative genome studies among vertebrate species are becoming commonplace for human biomedical research. Fish offer unlimited versatility for biomedical research. Extensive studies are done using these fish models, yielding tens of thousands of specific strains and lines, and the number is increasing every day. Thus, high-throughput sperm cryopreservation is urgently needed to preserve these genetic resources. Although high-throughput processing has been widely applied for sperm cryopreservation in livestock for decades, application in biomedical model fishes is still in the concept-development stage because of the limited sample volumes and the biological characteristics of fish sperm. High-throughput processing in livestock was developed based on advances made in the laboratory and was scaled up for increased processing speed, capability for mass production, and uniformity and quality assurance. Cryopreserved germplasm combined with high-throughput processing constitutes an independent industry encompassing animal breeding, preservation of genetic diversity, and medical research. Currently, there is no specifically engineered system available for high-throughput of cryopreserved germplasm for aquatic species. This review is to discuss the concepts and needs for high-throughput technology for model fishes, propose approaches for technical development, and overview future directions of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence R Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Fallows R, McCoy K, Hertza J, Klosson E, Estes B, Stroescu I, Salinas C, Stringer A, Aronson S, MacAllister W, Spurgin A, Morriss M, Glasier P, Stavinoha P, Houshyarnejad A, Jacobus J, Norman M, Peery S, Mattingly M, Pennuto T, Anderson-Hanley C, Miele A, Dunnam M, Edwards M, O'Bryant S, Johnson L, Barber R, Inscore A, Kegel J, Kozlovsky A, Tarantino B, Goldberg A, Herrera-Pino J, Jubiz-Bassi N, Rashid K, Noniyeva Y, Vo K, Stephens V, Gomez R, Sanders C, Kovacs M, Walton B, Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Parsey C, Cook D, Woods S, Weinborn M, Velnoweth A, Rooney A, Bucks R, Adalio C, White S, Blair J, Barber B, Marcy S, Barber B, Marcy S, Boseck J, McCormick C, Davis A, Berry K, Koehn E, Tiberi N, Gelder B, Brooks B, Sherman E, Garcia M, Robillard R, Gunner J, Miele A, Lynch J, McCaffrey R, Hamilton J, Froming K, Nemeth D, Steger A, Lebby P, Harrison J, Mounoutoua A, Preiss J, Brimager A, Gates E, Chang J, Cisneros H, Long J, Petrauskas V, Casey J, Picard E, Long J, Petrauskas V, Casey J, Picard E, Miele A, Gunner J, Lynch J, McCaffrey R, Rodriguez M, Fonseca F, Golden C, Davis J, Wall J, DeRight J, Jorgensen R, Lewandowski L, Ortigue S, Etherton J, Axelrod B, Green C, Snead H, Semrud-Clikeman M, Kirk J, Connery A, Kirkwood M, Hanson ML, Fazio R, Denney R, Myers W, McGuire A, Tree H, Waldron-Perrine B, Goldenring Fine J, Spencer R, Pangilinan P, Bieliauskas L, Na S, Waldron-Perrine B, Tree H, Spencer R, Pangilinan P, Bieliauskas L, Peck C, Bledsoe J, Schroeder R, Boatwright B, Heinrichs R, Baade L, Rohling M, Hill B, Ploetz D, Womble M, Shenesey J, Schroeder R, Semrud-Clikeman M, Baade L, VonDran E, Webster B, Brockman C, Burgess A, Heinrichs R, Schroeder R, Baade L, VonDran E, Webster B, Goldenring Fine J, Brockman C, Heinrichs R, Schroeder R, Baade L, VonDran E, Webster B, Brockman C, Heinrichs R, Schroeder R, Baade L, Bledsoe J, VonDran E, Webster B, Brockman C, Heinrichs R, Schroeder R, Baade L, VonDran E, Webster B, Brockman C, Heinrichs R, Thaler N, Strauss G, White T, Gold J, Tree H, Waldron-Perrine B, Spencer R, McGuire A, Na S, Pangilinan P, Bieliauskas L, Allen D, Vincent A, Roebuck-Spencer T, Cooper D, Bowles A, Gilliland K, Watts A, Ahmed F, Miller L, Yon A, Gordon B, Bello D, Bennett T, Yon A, Gordon B, Bennett T, Wood N, Etcoff L, Thede L, Oraker J, Gibson F, Stanford L, Gray S, Vroman L, Semrud-Clikeman M, Taylor T, Seydel K, Bure-Reyes A, Stewart J, Tourgeman I, Demsky Y, Golden C, Burns W, Gray S, Burns K, Calderon C, Tourgeman I, Golden C, Neblina C, San Miguel Montes L, Allen D, Strutt A, Scott B, Strutt A, Scott B, Armstrong P, Booth C, Blackstone K, Moore D, Gouaux B, Ellis R, Atkinson J, Grant I, Brennan L, Schultheis M, Hurtig H, Weintraub D, Duda J, Moberg P, Chute D, Siderowf A, Brescian N, Gass C, Brewster R, King T, Morris R, Krawiecki N, Dinishak D, Richardson G, Estes B, Knight M, Hertza J, Fallows R, McCoy K, Garcia S, Strain G, Devlin M, Cohen R, Paul R, Crosby R, Mitchell J, Gunstad J, Hancock L, Bruce J, Roberg B, Lynch S, Hertza J, Klosson E, Varnadore E, Schiff W, Estes B, Hertza J, Varnadore E, Estes B, Kaufman R, Rinehardt E, Schoenberg M, Mattingly M, Rosado Y, Velamuri S, LeBlanc M, Pimental P, Lynch-Chee S, Broshek D, Lyons P, McKeever J, Morse C, Ang J, Leist T, Tracy J, Schultheis M, Morgan E, Woods S, Rooney A, Perry W, Grant I, Letendre S, Morse C, McKeever J, Schultheis M, Musso M, Jones G, Hill B, Proto D, Barker A, Gouvier W, Nersesova K, Drexler M, Cherkasova E, Sakamoto M, Marcotte T, Hilsabeck R, Perry W, Carlson M, Barakat F, Hassanein T, Shevchik K, McCaw W, Schrock B, Smith M, Moser D, Mills J, Epping E, Paulsen J, Somogie M, Bruce J, Bryan F, Buscher L, Tyrer J, Stabler A, Thelen J, Lovelace C, Spurgin A, Graves D, Greenberg B, Harder L, Szczebak M, Glisky M, Thelen J, Lynch S, Hancock L, Bruce J, Ukueberuwa D, Arnett P, Vahter L, Ennok M, Pall K, Gross-Paju K, Vargas G, Medaglia J, Chiaravalloti N, Zakrzewski C, Hillary F, Andrews A, Golden C, Belloni K, Nicewander J, Miller D, Johnson S, David Z, Weideman E, Lawson D, Currier E, Morton J, Robinson J, Musso M, Hill B, Barker A, Pella R, Jones G, Proto D, Gouvier W, Vertinski M, Allen D, Thaler N, Heisler D, Park B, Barney S, Kucukboyaci N, Girard H, Kemmotsu N, Cheng C, Kuperman J, McDonald C, Carroll C, Odland A, Miller L, Mittenberg W, Coalson D, Wahlstrom D, Raiford S, Holdnack J, Ennok M, Vahter L, Gardner E, Dasher N, Fowler B, Vik P, Grajewski M, Lamar M, Penney D, Davis R, Korthauer L, Libon D, Kumar A, Holdnack J, Iverson G, Chelune G, Hunter C, Zimmerman E, Klein R, Prathiba N, Hopewell A, Cooper D, Kennedy J, Long M, Moses J, Lutz J, Tiberi N, Dean R, Miller J, Axelrod B, Van Dyke S, Rapport L, Schutte C, Hanks R, Pella R, Fallows R, McCoy K, O'Rourke J, Hilsabeck R, Petrauskas V, Bowden S, Romero R, Hulkonen R, Boivin M, Bangirana P, John C, Shapiro E, Slonaker A, Pass L, Smigielski J, Biernacka J, Geske J, Hall-Flavin D, Loukianova L, Schneekloth T, Abulseoud O, Mrazek D, Karpyak V, Terranova J, Safko E, Heisler D, Thaler N, Allen D, Van Dyke S, Axelrod B, Zink D, Puente A, Ames H, LePage J, Carroll C, Knee K, Mittenberg W, Cummings T, Webbe F, Shepherd E, Marcinak J, Diaz-Santos M, Seichepine D, Sullivan K, Neargarder S, Cronin-Golomb A, Franchow E, Suchy Y, Kraybill M, Holland A, Newton S, Hinson D, Smith A, Coe M, Carmona J, Harrison D, Hyer L, Atkinson M, Dalibwala J, Yeager C, Hyer L, Scott C, Atkinson M, Yeager C, Jacobson K, Olson K, Pella R, Fallows R, McCoy K, O'Rourke J, Hilsabeck R, Rosado Y, Kaufman R, Velamuri S, Rinehardt E, Mattingly M, Sartori A, Clay O, Ovalle F, Rothman R, Crowe M, Schmid A, Horne L, Horn G, Johnson-Markve B, Gorman P, Stewart J, Bure-Reyes A, Golden C, Tam J, McAlister C, Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Wagner M, Brenner L, Walker A, Armstrong L, Inman E, Grimmett J, Gray S, Cornelius A, Hertza J, Klosson E, Varnadore E, Schiff W, Estes B, Johnson L, Willingham M, Restrepo L, Bolanos J, Patel F, Golden C, Rice J, Dougherty M, Golden C, Sharma V, Martin P, Golden C, Bradley E, Dinishak D, Lockwood C, Poole J, Brickell T, Lange R, French L, Chao L, Klein S, Dunnam M, Miele A, Warner G, Donnelly K, Donnelly J, Kittleson J, Bradshaw C, Alt M, England D, Denney R, Meyers J, Evans J, Lynch-Chee S, Kennedy C, Moore J, Fedor A, Spitznagel M, Gunstad J, Ferland M, Guerrero NK, Davidson P, Collins B, Marshall S, Herrera-Pino J, Samper G, Ibarra S, Parrott D, Steffen F, Backhaus S, Karver C, Wade S, Taylor H, Brown T, Kirkwood M, Stancin T, Krishnan K, Culver C, Arenivas A, Bosworth C, Shokri-Kojori E, Diaz-Arrastia R, Marquez de la PC, Lange R, Ivins B, Marshall K, Schwab K, Parkinson G, Iverson G, Bhagwat A, French L, Lichtenstein J, Adams-Deutsch Z, Fleischer J, Goldberg K, Lichtenstein J, Adams-Deutsch Z, Fleischer J, Goldberg K, Lichtenstein J, Fleischer J, Goldberg K, Lockwood C, Ehrler M, Hull A, Bradley E, Sullivan C, Poole J, Lockwood C, Sullivan C, Hull A, Bradley E, Ehrler M, Poole J, Marcinak J, Schuster D, Al-Khalil K, Webbe F, Myers A, Ireland S, Simco E, Carroll C, Mittenberg W, Palmer E, Poole J, Bradley E, Dinishak D, Piecora K, Marcinak J, Al-Khalil K, Mroczek N, Schuster D, Snyder A, Rabinowitz A, Arnett P, Schatz P, Cameron N, Stolberg P, Hart J, Jones W, Mayfield J, Allen D, Sullivan K, Edmed S, Vanderploeg R, Silva M, Vaughan C, McGuire E, Gerst E, Fricke S, VanMeter J, Newman J, Gioia G, Vaughan C, VanMeter J, McGuire E, Gioia G, Newman J, Gerst E, Fricke S, Wahlberg A, Zelonis S, Chatterjee A, Smith S, Whipple E, Mace L, Manning K, Ang J, Schultheis M, Wilk J, Herrell R, Hoge C, Zakzanis K, Yu S, Jeffay E, Zimmer A, Webbe F, Piecora K, Schuster D, Zimmer A, Piecora K, Schuster D, Webbe F, Adler M, Holster J, Golden C, Andrews A, Schleicher-Dilks S, Golden C, Arffa S, Thornton J, Arffa S, Thornton J, Arffa S, Thornton J, Arffa S, Thornton J, Canas A, Sevadjian C, Fournier A, Miller D, Maricle D, Donders J, Larsen T, Gidley Larson J, Sheehan J, Suchy Y, Higgins K, Rolin S, Dunham K, Akeson S, Horton A, Reynolds C, Horton A, Reynolds C, Jordan L, Gonzalez S, Heaton S, McAlister C, Tam J, Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Olivier T, West S, Golden C, Prinzi L, Martin P, Robbins J, Bruzinski B, Golden C, Riccio C, Blakely A, Yoon M, Reynolds C, Robbins J, Prinzi L, Martin P, Golden C, Schleicher-Dilks S, Andrews A, Adler M, Pearlson J, Golden C, Sevadjian C, Canas A, Fournier A, Miller D, Maricle D, Sheehan J, Gidley LJ, Suchy Y, Sherman E, Carlson H, Gaxiola-Valdez I, Wei X, Beaulieu C, Hader W, Brooks B, Kirton A, Barlow K, Hrabok M, Mohamed I, Wiebe S, Smith K, Ailion A, Ivanisevic M, King T, Smith K, King T, Thorgusen S, Bowman D, Suchy Y, Walsh K, Mitchell F, Jill G, Iris P, Ross K, Madan-Swain A, Gioia G, Isquith P, Webber D, DeFilippis N, Collins M, Hill F, Weber R, Johnson A, Wiley C, Zimmerman E, Burns T, DeFilippis N, Ritchie D, Odland A, Stevens A, Mittenberg W, Hartlage L, Williams B, Weidemann E, Demakis G, Avila J, Razani J, Burkhart S, Adams W, Edwards M, O'Bryant S, Hall J, Johnson L, Grammas P, Gong G, Hargrave K, Mattevada S, Barber R, Hall J, Vo H, Johnson L, Barber R, O'Bryant S, Hill B, Davis J, O'Connor K, Musso M, Rehm-Hamilton T, Ploetz D, Rohling M, Rodriguez M, Potter E, Loewenstein D, Duara R, Golden C, Velamuri S, Rinehardt E, Schoenberg M, Mattingly M, Kaufman R, Rosado Y, Boseck J, Tiberi N, McCormick C, Davis A, Hernandez Finch M, Gelder B, Cannon M, McGregor S, Reitman D, Rey J, Scarisbrick D, Holdnack J, Iverson G, Thaler N, Bello D, Whoolery H, Etcoff L, Vekaria P, Whittington L, Nemeth D, Gremillion A, Olivier T, Amirthavasagam S, Jeffay E, Zakzanis K, Barney S, Umuhoza D, Strauss G, Knatz-Bello D, Allen D, Bolanos J, Bell J, Restrepo L, Frisch D, Golden C, Hartlage L, Williams B, Iverson G, McIntosh D, Kjernisted K, Young A, Kiely T, Tai C, Gomez R, Schatzberg A, Keller J, Rhodes E, Ajilore O, Zhang A, Kumar A, Lamar M, Ringdahl E, Sutton G, Turner A, Snyder J, Allen D, Verbiest R, Thaler N, Strauss G, Allen D, Walkenhorst E, Crowe S, August-Fedio A, Sexton J, Cummings S, Brown K, Fedio P, Grigorovich A, Fish J, Gomez M, Leach L, Lloyd H, Nichols M, Goldberg M, Novakovic-Agopian T, Chen A, Abrams G, Rossi A, Binder D, Muir J, Carlin G, Murphy M, McKim R, Fitsimmons R, D'Esposito M, Shevchik K, McCaw W, Schrock B, Vernon A, Frank R, Ona PZ, Freitag E, Weber E, Woods S, Kellogg E, Grant I, Basso M, Dyer B, Daniel M, Michael P, Fontanetta R, Martin P, Golden C, Gass C, Stripling A, Odland A, Holster J, Corsun-Ascher C, Olivier T, Golden C, Legaretta M, Vik P, Van Ness E, Fowler B, Noll K, Denney D, Wiechman A, Stephanie T, Greenberg B, Lacritz L, Padua M, Sandhu K, Moses J, Sordahl J, Anderson J, Wheaton V, Anderson J, Berggren K, Cheung D, Luber H, Loftis J, Huckans M, Bennett T, Dawson C, Soper H, Bennett T, Soper H, Carter K, Hester A, Ringe W, Spence J, Posamentier M, Hart J, Haley R, Fallows R, Pella R, McCoy K, O'Rourke J, Hilsabeck R, Fallows R, Pella R, McCoy K, O'Rourke J, Hilsabeck R, Gass C, Curiel R, Gass C, Stripling A, Odland A, Goldberg M, Lloyd H, Gremillion A, Nemeth D, Whittington L, Hu E, Vik P, Dasher N, Fowler B, Jeffay E, Zakzanis K, Jordan S, DeFilippis N, Collins M, Goetsch V, Small S, Mansoor Y, Homer-Smith E, Lockwood C, Moses J, Martin P, Odland A, Fontanetta R, Sharma V, Golden C, Odland A, Martin P, Perle J, Gass C, Simco E, Mittenberg W, Patt V, Minassian A, Perry W, Polott S, Webbe F, Mulligan K, Shaneyfelt K, Wall J, Thompson J, Tai C, Kiely T, Compono V, Trettin L, Gomez R, Schatzberg A, Keller J, Tsou J, Pearlson J, Sharma V, Tourgeman I, Golden C, Waldron-Perrine B, Tree H, Spencer R, McGuire A, Na S, Pangilinan P, Bieliauskas L, You S, Moses J, An K, Jeffay E, Zakzanis K, Biddle C, Fazio R, Willett K, Rolin S, O'Grady M, Denney R, Bresnan K, Erlanger D, Seegmiller R, Kaushik T, Brooks B, Krol A, Carlson H, Sherman E, Davis J, McHugh T, Axelrod B, Hanks R. Grand Rounds. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acr056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tiersch TR, Yang H, Hu E. Outlook for development of high-throughput cryopreservation for small-bodied biomedical model fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 154:76-81. [PMID: 21440666 PMCID: PMC3113708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the development of genomic research technologies, comparative genome studies among vertebrate species are becoming commonplace for human biomedical research. Fish offer unlimited versatility for biomedical research. Extensive studies are done using these fish models, yielding tens of thousands of specific strains and lines, and the number is increasing every day. Thus, high-throughput sperm cryopreservation is urgently needed to preserve these genetic resources. Although high-throughput processing has been widely applied for sperm cryopreservation in livestock for decades, application in biomedical model fishes is still in the concept-development stage because of the limited sample volumes and the biological characteristics of fish sperm. High-throughput processing in livestock was developed based on advances made in the laboratory and was scaled up for increased processing speed, capability for mass production, and uniformity and quality assurance. Cryopreserved germplasm combined with high-throughput processing constitutes an independent industry encompassing animal breeding, preservation of genetic diversity, and medical research. Currently, there is no specifically engineered system available for high-throughput of cryopreserved germplasm for aquatic species. This review is to discuss the concepts and needs for high-throughput technology for model fishes, propose approaches for technical development, and overview future directions of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence R Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, 70803, USA.
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Thobani S, Hu E, Morphew T, Huynh P, Li M, Scott L. Exercise Limitation Contributes to Uncontrolled Asthma in Pediatric Patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hu E, Yang H, Tiersch TR. High-throughput cryopreservation of spermatozoa of blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus): Establishment of an approach for commercial-scale processing. Cryobiology 2010; 62:74-82. [PMID: 21176772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid catfish created by crossing of female channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and male blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) are being used increasingly in foodfish aquaculture because of their fast growth and efficient food conversion. However, the availability of blue catfish males is limited, and their peak spawning is at a different time than that of the channel catfish. As such, cryopreservation of sperm of blue catfish could improve production of hybrid catfish, and has been studied in the laboratory and tested for feasibility in a commercial dairy bull cryopreservation facility. However, an approach for commercially relevant production of cryopreserved blue catfish sperm is still needed. The goal of this study was to develop practical approaches for commercial-scale sperm cryopreservation of blue catfish by use of an automated high-throughput system (MAPI, CryoBioSystem Co.). The objectives were to: (1) refine cooling rate and cryoprotectant concentration, and evaluate their interactions; (2) evaluate the effect of sperm concentration on cryopreservation; (3) refine cryoprotectant concentration based on the highest effective sperm concentration; (4) compare the effect of thawing samples at 20 or 40°C; (5) evaluate the fertility of thawed sperm at a research scale by fertilizing with channel catfish eggs; (6) test the post-thaw motility and fertility of sperm from individual males in a commercial setting, and (7) test for correlation of cryopreservation results with biological indices used for male evaluation. The optimal cooling rate was 5°C/min (Micro Digitcool, IMV) for high-throughput cryopreservation using CBS high-biosecurity 0.5-ml straws with 10% methanol, and a concentration of 1×10(9)sperm/ml. There was no difference in post-thaw motility when samples were thawed at 20°C for 40s or 40°C for 20s. After fertilization, the percentage of neurulation (Stage V embryos) was 80±21%, and percentage of embryonic mobility (Stage VI embryo) was 51±22%. There was a significant difference among the neurulation values produced by thawed blue catfish sperm, fresh blue catfish sperm (P=0.010) and channel catfish sperm (P=0.023), but not for Stage VI embryos (P≥0.585). Cryopreserved sperm from ten males did not show significant variation in post-thaw motility or fertility at the neurulation stage. This study demonstrates that the protocol established for high-throughput cryopreservation of blue catfish sperm can provide commercially relevant quantities and quality of sperm with stable fertility for hybrid catfish production and provides a model for establishment of commercial-scale approaches for other aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hu
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Thobani S, Hu E, Huynh P, Scott L. Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Patient with Anaphylaxis to Intravenous and Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Curtis AM, Wilkinson PF, Gui M, Gales TL, Hu E, Edelberg JM. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase targets the production of proinflammatory endothelial microparticles. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:701-9. [PMID: 19192109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are irregularly shaped membrane fragments shed into the circulation in patients with vascular diseases, and may themselves act to enhance the endothelial response to inflammation. On the basis of the importance of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in endothelial responses to inflammatory stimuli, we sought to define the role of p38 in EMP generation and function. METHODS Microparticle generation from cultures of human aortic endothelial cells (hAECs) treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and p38 inhibition was quantified via multiple modalities. The response of target endothelial cells was assessed by treatment of cells with EMPs generated under various conditions. RESULTS Inhibition of p38 in hAECs, using pharmacologic agents, resulted in a 50% reduction of TNF-alpha-induced EMPs. Importantly, suppression of microparticles was specific to p38 MAPK pathways. EMPs triggered by TNF-alpha activation induced an approximately four-fold increase in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) release from targeted cells. However, inhibition of p38 MAPK in the targeted cell prior to EMP treatment did not alter the sICAM1 response. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate p38 MAPK signaling as significant and selective in the formation and maturation of EMPs. EMPs elicited a proinflammatory response from targeted hAECs that was dependent on the conditions under which EMPs were generated. However, our results imply a unidirectional model in which p38 MAPK is critical at the source of microparticle formation, but not the target cell response to EMPs. These findings indicate a novel mechanism by which p38 inhibition may offer therapeutic benefit in vivo via direct inhibition of EMP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Curtis
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
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Hepp R, Tricoire L, Hu E, Gervasi N, Paupardin-Tritsch D, Lambolez B, Vincent P. Phosphodiesterase type 2 and the homeostasis of cyclic GMP in living thalamic neurons. J Neurochem 2007; 102:1875-1886. [PMID: 17561940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous second messenger cyclic GMP (cGMP) is synthesized by soluble guanylate cyclases in response to nitric oxide (NO) and degraded by phosphodiesterases (PDE). We studied the homeostasis of cGMP in living thalamic neurons by using the genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensor Cygnet, expressed in brain slices through viral gene transfer. Natriuretic peptides had no effect on cGMP. Basal cGMP levels decreased upon inhibition of NO synthases or soluble guanylate cyclases and increased when PDEs were inhibited. Single cell RT-PCR analysis showed that thalamic neurons express PDE1, PDE2, PDE9, and PDE10. Basal cGMP levels were increased by the PDE2 inhibitors erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) and BAY60-7550 but were unaffected by PDE1 or PDE10 inhibitors. We conclude that PDE2 regulates the basal cGMP concentration in thalamic neurons. In addition, in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), cGMP still decreased after application of a NO donor. Probenecid, a blocker of cGMP transporters, had no effect on this decrease, leaving PDE9 as a possible candidate for decreasing cGMP concentration. Basal cGMP level is poised at an intermediate level from which it can be up or down-regulated according to the cyclase and PDE activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hepp
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, CNRS, UMR 7102, Paris, France
| | - L Tricoire
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, CNRS, UMR 7102, Paris, France
| | - E Hu
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, CNRS, UMR 7102, Paris, France
| | - N Gervasi
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, CNRS, UMR 7102, Paris, France
| | | | - B Lambolez
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, CNRS, UMR 7102, Paris, France
| | - P Vincent
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, CNRS, UMR 7102, Paris, France
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Chan D, Allen H, Hu E, Reese D, Patel G, Gottlieb C, Wax A, Sosa J, Slamon D, Kabbinavar F. Phase II study of docetaxel (D) plus bevacizumab (B) in Her/2 negative metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
13047 Background: Taxol+Bevacizumab (B) has clinical activity in Her/2 negative chemotherapy naive MBC with a PFS (11.4 mo), RR (29.9%), and OS (28.4 mo). We are conducting a single arm Phase 2 trial to assess the efficacy of Docetaxel (D)+B. Primary endpoint: time to progression. Secondary endpoints: response rate (CR + PR), response duration, overall survival and safety. Methods: Eligibility criteria: MBC with no prior therapy; Her/2 negative by FISH, ECOG PS 0 or 1; measurable disease by RECIST, Hgb ≥ 9 g/dL, ANC ≥ 1.5 × 109/L, Platelet count ≥ 100 × 109/L, Creatinine ≤ 2.0 mg/dL, Total bilirubin ≤ 1.0 × upper limit of normal, no CNS metastasis, no MI or stroke within 6 mo, no GI perforation, no major surgery within 28 d, and no bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy. Pts receive B 15 mg/kg IV and D 75 mg/m2 IV Q 3 wk. Response assessed radiographically Q 3 cycles. Treatment is until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: Since Apr 2005, 43 of the planned 75 pts have been enrolled. 21 pts have had at least one assessment resulting in approximately 40% response rate. Common Gr3/4 AE’s have been neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, hypertension. Gr3 LVEF decline seen in one pt. No treatment related deaths occurred. Conclusions: D+ B is well tolerated, with no new safety concerns and manageable toxicities. D+B appears active in MBC. Updated efficacy and safety data will be presented. Study supported by Genentech, Inc. San Francisco, CA. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Chan
- Cancer Care Associates, Redondo Beach, CA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Central Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Alhambra, CA; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; St. Jude Heritage Medical Group, Fullerton, CA; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - H. Allen
- Cancer Care Associates, Redondo Beach, CA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Central Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Alhambra, CA; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; St. Jude Heritage Medical Group, Fullerton, CA; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - E. Hu
- Cancer Care Associates, Redondo Beach, CA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Central Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Alhambra, CA; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; St. Jude Heritage Medical Group, Fullerton, CA; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D. Reese
- Cancer Care Associates, Redondo Beach, CA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Central Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Alhambra, CA; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; St. Jude Heritage Medical Group, Fullerton, CA; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - G. Patel
- Cancer Care Associates, Redondo Beach, CA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Central Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Alhambra, CA; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; St. Jude Heritage Medical Group, Fullerton, CA; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - C. Gottlieb
- Cancer Care Associates, Redondo Beach, CA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Central Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Alhambra, CA; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; St. Jude Heritage Medical Group, Fullerton, CA; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - A. Wax
- Cancer Care Associates, Redondo Beach, CA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Central Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Alhambra, CA; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; St. Jude Heritage Medical Group, Fullerton, CA; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. Sosa
- Cancer Care Associates, Redondo Beach, CA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Central Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Alhambra, CA; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; St. Jude Heritage Medical Group, Fullerton, CA; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D. Slamon
- Cancer Care Associates, Redondo Beach, CA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Central Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Alhambra, CA; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; St. Jude Heritage Medical Group, Fullerton, CA; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - F. Kabbinavar
- Cancer Care Associates, Redondo Beach, CA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Central Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Alhambra, CA; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; St. Jude Heritage Medical Group, Fullerton, CA; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Abstract
Three kinds of titania/silica pellets were prepared using the sol-gel method with surface areas of 50.4 m2 g(-1), 421.1 m2 x g(-1) and 89.1 m2 x g(-1). An annular reactor was designed and built to determine the degradation efficiency of toluene and to investigate the relationship between the adsorption and desorption-photocatalytic processes. Surface area is an important factor influencing the adsorption-photocatalytic efficiency. Higher surface areas of pellets contribute to high rates of conversion of toluene. Un-reacted toluene and reaction intermediates accumulating on their surface deactivated the titania/silica catalyst. To overcome this problem, the adsorption and regeneration process were alternated in a dual reactor system. Connecting or disconnecting the toluene feed gas enabled one reactor to adsorb toluene, while the second reactor was regenerated by photocatalysis. Using UV irradiation and titania/silica pellets with high BET surface area (421.1 m2 x g(-1)), the alternating adsorption/regeneration processes kept the degradation efficiency of toluene at 90% after 8 hours operation. By improving the adsorption-photocatalysis efficiency, and minimising the generation and accumulation of intermediate on the surface of pellets, the method extended catalyst life and maintained a high degradation efficiency of toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- Institute of Sustanability and Innovation, Victoria University, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The L-callipeltose subunit of L-callipeltoside A has been synthesized in 10 steps and 13% overall yield from D-threonine. The key steps are a highly diastereoselective Felkin anti aldol addition to a methyl ketone and a selective methylation of a secondary alcohol in the presence of a secondary carbamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Evans
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Hu E, Chen Z, Fredrickson T, Zhu Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of profilin-3: a novel cytoskeleton-associated gene expressed in rat kidney and testes. Exp Nephrol 2001; 9:265-74. [PMID: 11423726 DOI: 10.1159/000052621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Profilin is a small actin-binding protein that is involved in diverse functions such as maintaining cell structure integrity, cell mobility, tumor cell metastasis, as well as growth factor signal transduction. In this paper, we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of a novel form of profilin, termed profilin-3, from rat kidney using a PCR-based procedure for isolating tissue-specific genes. The profilin-3 cDNA encoded 137 amino acids, and it shared extensive homology to profilin-1 and profilin-2 from mice and humans. More strikingly, the expression of profilin-3 was highly selective, and its mRNA was only found in the kidney and to a much lesser extent in the testis. The size of the mRNA for profilin-3 in the testis was 1.2 kb, while in kidney it was approximately 4.4-5 kb, suggesting the presence of tissue-specific transcription from different promoters. In addition, we also found that the expression of profilin-3 mRNA was significantly elevated in two types of renal diseases: diabetic nephropathy (db/db mice) and polycystic kidney diseases (cpk mice). Similar to profilin-1 and profilin-2, profilin-3 was localized in the cytoplasmic domain. Furthermore, it was capable of interacting with actin and poly-L-proline in an in vitro assay as well as in transfected cells. These results strongly suggest that, contrary to the ubiquitous presence of profilin-1 and profilin-2, there is a tissue-specific form of these cytoskeleton-regulatory proteins and that the kidney/testes-specific profilin-3 may play a unique role in renal and/or reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hu
- Department of Renal Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pa 19406, USA.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurological disease and its prevalence increases with age. Because of an ageing population and changing environment compared to the last epidemiological study done in Australia over 30 years ago, we have conducted a door-to-door pilot survey which looked at the latest prevalence as well as putative risk factors in a random population. We used a two-phase investigation method (screening followed by detailed examination) in a random community sample of 2,820 households (with 527 individuals aged 55 and over) along with 203 residents in aged care facilities (single-phase examination for residents aged 55 and above) in the Randwick area of Sydney, New South Wales. We had a 75% participation rate in the community and a 94% in the aged care facilities. The results of the survey in this sample of 730 subjects indicated that the crude prevalence of Parkinson's disease was between 3.6 and 4.9% (higher in the aged care facilities). The putative risk factors positively identified using chi-square method were 'family history' (p < 0.01) and 'exposure to chemicals at work or in surrounding environment' (p < 0.05). The age-adjusted prevalence rate of Parkinson's disease revealed at least a 42.5% increase in the disease compared to 1966. We conclude that there may be an increase in the disease in Australia due to ageing and other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Chan
- Geriatric Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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Hu E, Chen Z, Fredrickson TA, Spurr N, Gentle S, Sims M, Zhu Y, Halsey W, Mao J, Sathe GM, Brooks DP. Rapid isolation of tissue-specific genes from rat kidney. Exp Nephrol 2001; 9:156-64. [PMID: 11150865 DOI: 10.1159/000052607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic effort to isolate kidney-specific genes was performed using recently described PCR-select methodology. Using this technique, a kidney-specific mini-gene library was generated and a number of kidney-specific genes that share significant homology to previously characterized kidney genes from rats and other species were isolated. These included three renal-specific transporters (an ADH water channel, the anion transporters RST and ROAT1), a cell adhesion molecule (K-cadherin) and a kidney-specific protein upregulated in renal carcinoma (DD96). In addition, we isolated two novel genes from a rat kidney. One of the genes shares limited homology to rat profilin-1 while the other did not share any similarity to genes in the Genbank. Northern blot analysis revealed that the mRNA for each of these genes is expressed in a highly kidney-restricted fashion. Our results suggested that tissue-specific genes can be rapidly isolated and characterized using PCR-select techniques and this methodology may be generally applicable to isolate specific genes from a variety of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hu
- Department of Renal Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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Abstract
Quantum communication relies on the availability of light pulses with strong quantum correlations among photons. An example of such an optical source is a single-photon pulse with a vanishing probability for detecting two or more photons. Using pulsed laser excitation of a single quantum dot, a single-photon turnstile device that generates a train of single-photon pulses was demonstrated. For a spectrally isolated quantum dot, nearly 100% of the excitation pulses lead to emission of a single photon, yielding an ideal single-photon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Fargo DC, Hu E, Boynton JE, Gillham NW. Mutations that alter the higher-order structure of its 5' untranslated region affect the stability of chloroplast rps7 mRNA. Mol Gen Genet 2000; 264:291-9. [PMID: 11085269 DOI: 10.1007/s004380000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine the effects of mutations in the 5'UTR of the chloroplast rps7 transcript of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that reduce the stability of the mRNA. Five point mutants in the rps7 5'UTR were selected on the basis of their failure to accumulate reporter mRNA in Escherichia coli. Each of these mutations produces alterations in the predicted higher-order structures of the rps7 5'UTR that destabilize the mRNA. Cis-acting suppressors of these mutations have been selected in E. coli and in the C. reinhardtii chloroplast that restore message stability and function. No differences in RNA melting and reannealing profiles have been observed between wild type, original mutant, and suppressor 5'UTRs transcribed in vitro. Proteins of 32 kDa and 47 kDa that bind to the wild-type rps7 5'UTR are not detected by UV cross-linking assays performed with any of the mutant rps7 5'UTRs. However, binding of the 32-kDa protein is restored in the six suppressor mutants examined. This suggests that the 32-kDa protein may be involved in protecting the rps7 5'UTR and the attached coding region from digestion by ribonucleases. Alternatively, the binding site for the 32-kDa protein may be independently lost in the rearranged tertiary structure of the mutant 5'UTR that exposes the RNA to degradation and is restored in the suppressor mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Fargo
- Department of Botany, Duke University LSRC, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Hu E, Chen Z, Fredrickson T, Gellai M, Jugus M, Contino L, Spurr N, Sims M, Halsey W, Van Horn S, Mao J, Sathe G, Brooks D. Identification of a novel kidney-specific gene downregulated in acute ischemic renal failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2000; 279:F426-39. [PMID: 10966922 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.2000.279.3.f426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain further insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in acute renal failure, we have isolated a new gene from rat and human, named KSP32 (kidney-specific protein with a molecular mass of 32 kDa). KSP32 encodes a novel gene that shows little homology to other mammalian proteins. It, however, shares extensive homology with several proteins found in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and plants. The expression of KSP32 mRNA is highly restricted to kidney. In situ hybidization analysis revealed that the expression of KSP32 mRNA was prominent in the boundary of kidney cortex and outer medulla, exhibiting a raylike formation extending from the medulla into the cortex. Finally, KSP32 mRNA was dramatically downregulated in rat following induction of acute ischemic renal failure. Rapid loss of KSP32 mRNA expression was observed beginning at approximately 5 h following renal injury and mRNA levels remained depressed for at least 96 h. Both KSP32 mRNA levels as well as renal function recovered 14 days after injury. Administration of an endothelin receptor antagonist (SB-209670), known to restore renal function, significantly increased KSP32 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hu
- Department of Renal Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19403, USA.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in elderly people. Epidemiological studies of the disease can be labour intensive. A two phase design including a screening questionnaire as the first phase has become a popular method in prevalence studies of Parkinson's disease. Such a design has many advantages including less work for assessing physicians and enhanced recruitment of people to be screened. However, its wider application may be questioned because validation has been limited to samples that are drawn from hospitals (or clinics) and may be inappropriate for a community setting. This study assesses whether validating screening questionnaire by using a hospital sample yields the same result as a community based sample. Furthermore, it seeks to establish whether the screening instrument can be simplified to involve less questions. The findings show that some of the questions used in the screening phase yield different responses when comparing a hospital group with a community group. This study also provides a simplified model of questions that may be relevant for screening in the community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Chan
- Geriatric Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
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