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Baghdadi S, Chern I, Hanstein R, Mehraban Alvandi L, Fornari E. Femoral Head Core Decompression and Bone Marrow Concentrate Injection in Pediatric Sickle-cell Related Avascular Necrosis. J Pediatr Orthop 2023; 43:e433-e439. [PMID: 37043417 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Femoral head avascular necrosis affects 10% to 40% of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of femoral head core decompression and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (CD-BMAC) injection in pediatric patients with SCD. METHODS Eligible patients were enrolled in this retrospective study of patients undergoing CD-BMAC. Patients with SCD who were younger than 18 at the time of surgery and had >1 year of follow-up were included in this analysis. Hips were staged based on the Ficat system by 2 raters. The visual analog score for pain, hip outcome score, modified Harris hip score, and the University of California, Los Angeles activity score were used as patient-reported outcome measures preoperatively, at 5 to 9 months postoperatively, and final follow-up. Treatment failure was defined as total hip arthroplasty or visual analog score >3 at the final follow-up. RESULTS Twenty-three hips in 17 patients were included, with a median age at the time of surgery of 15.8 years (interquartile range: 13.1 to 17.8 y). Patients were followed for 4.25 ± 1.7 years. Ten hips showed a 1-stage increase in the Ficat stage at the final follow-up, whereas 11 retained the same stage, and 1 hip had a 1-stage regression. All patient-reported outcome measures showed significant improvement from the preoperative visit to short-term follow-up, but the preoperative to final follow-up improvement was not significant. Six treatment failures were recorded, including 3 total hip arthroplasties and 3 painful hips at the final follow-up. In a multivariate logistic regression model, only skeletal maturity (odds ratio = 16.2, 95% CI: 1.44-183.0, P = 0.024) and femoral head collapse (odds ratio = 12.0, 95% CI: 1.1-130.5, P = 0.041) were significant predictors of treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS In the largest study on pediatric SCD patients undergoing CD-BMAC, we found that CD-BMAC injection offers significant improvement in pain and functional outcomes in the short term, with a very low risk for complications. Skeletal maturity and femoral head collapse were significant predictors of treatment failure. Patients with a collapsed femoral head experienced functional deterioration over time after initial improvement, whereas precollapse hips maintained their functional improvement up to the latest follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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Fornari E, Schwend RM, Schulz J, Bray C, Schmitz MR. Development of a Global Pediatric Orthopedic Outreach Program in Ecuador Through Project Perfect World: Past, Present, and Future Directions. Orthop Clin North Am 2020; 51:219-225. [PMID: 32138859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Global health delivery is a complex initiative requiring dedicated personnel to achieve a successful program. To be most beneficial, global health delivery should focus on cultural competence, bidirectional education, and capacity building through direct and purposeful means. The authors present the expansion of their global health delivery program in Ecuador focusing on the evolution of the program from a medical mission trip to a multilayered program that helps foster engagement, education, and learning while helping children who might not otherwise have access to care, along with future directions and potential methods to decrease the need for such initiatives in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fornari
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, 3400 Bainbridge Avenue, 6th Floor, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Richard M Schwend
- Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Jacob Schulz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, 3400 Bainbridge Avenue, 6th Floor, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Christopher Bray
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health Upstate, Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, 701 Grove Road, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Matthew R Schmitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3851 Roger Brooke Drive Fort, Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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Blasetti A, Franchini S, Castorani V, Comegna L, Fornari E, Daniele F, Prezioso G, Piona C, Federico V, Zona D, Bresadola I, Chiarelli F, Maffeis C. Skipping Breakfast Is Associated with an Atherogenic Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obese Prepubertal Children. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:1849274. [PMID: 33101407 PMCID: PMC7569459 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1849274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skipping breakfast has been associated with a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. However, it is not known if skipping breakfast is also correlated with CV risk factors independently from obesity. The mechanisms explaining the role of skipping breakfast on promoting fat accumulation as well as CV risk are not known. Hormones, in particular, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), may potentially play a role in the metabolic profile of breakfast skippers. AIM This cross-sectional study aims to test, in a sample of overweight/obese children, the hypotheses that skipping breakfast is associated with a worse metabolic profile and that IGF-1 levels are associated with this unfavorable metabolic profile. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 112 overweight/obese prepubertal children (3-12 years). Anthropometric characteristics (height SDS, weight SDS, and body mass index (BMI) z-score) were measured. Blood samples were collected to evaluate glucose and lipid metabolisms and hormone profile (growth hormone (GH), IGF-1, insulin, and cortisol). The triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio was calculated as a predictor of cardiovascular risk. Children were divided into two groups according to breakfast habits: consumers (≥5 weekly; N = 76) and skippers (≤4 weekly; N = 36). Glycaemia, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (p < 0.05), and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio (p < 0.001) were higher, while HDL cholesterol was lower (p < 0.01) in skippers as compared to consumers. IGF-1 concentrations were inversely correlated with LDL cholesterol (r = -0.279, p=0.013) and directly correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.226, p=0.047). IGF-1 correlated positively with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.266, p=0.045) in consumers and correlated negatively with LDL cholesterol (r = -0.442, p=0.024) in skippers. Breakfast consumption among prepubertal overweight/obese children showed a better lipid profile in comparison with those who skipped breakfast [OR: 0.165 (95% CI: 0.053-0.518), p=0.001]; these latter odds of the increased triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio was 6.1-fold higher. CONCLUSIONS Breakfast skippers show a worse lipid profile when compared to breakfast consumers. IGF-1 might play a role as an independent modulator of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Blasetti
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - S. Franchini
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - V. Castorani
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - L. Comegna
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - E. Fornari
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F. Daniele
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - G. Prezioso
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - C. Piona
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - V. Federico
- SS Annunziata” University Hospital, Unit of Clinical Molecular Biology, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - D. Zona
- SS Annunziata” University Hospital, Unit of Clinical Molecular Biology, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - I. Bresadola
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F. Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - C. Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Goldberg-Stein S, Friedman A, Gao Q, Choi J, Schulz J, Fornari E, Taragin B. Narrowing of ischiofemoral and quadratus femoris spaces in pediatric ischiofemoral impingement. Skeletal Radiol 2018; 47:1505-1510. [PMID: 29730703 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-018-2962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate MRI findings of quadratus femoris muscle edema (QFME) with narrowing of the ischiofemoral space (IFS) and quadratus femoris space (QFS) in children, and to identify threshold values reflecting an anatomic architecture that may predispose to ischiofemoral impingement. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control retrospective MRI review of 49 hips in 27 children (mean, 13 years) with QFME was compared to 49 hips in 27 gender and age-matched controls. Two radiologists independently measured IFS and QFS. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were fit to compare IFS and QFS values between cases and controls, and adjust for correlation in repeated measures from the same subject. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined optimal threshold values. RESULTS Compared to controls, cases had significantly smaller IFS (p < 0.001, both readers) and QFS (reader 1: p < 0.001; reader 2: p = 0.003). When stratified as preteen (< 13) or teenage (≥ 13), lower mean IFS and QFS were observed in cases versus controls in both age groups. Area under ROC curve for IFS and QFS was high in preteens (0.77 and 0.71) and teens (0.94 and 0.88). Threshold values were 14.9 mm (preteens) and 19 mm (teens) for IFS and 11.2 mm (preteens) and 11.1 mm (teens) for QFS. IFS and QFS were modestly correlated with age among controls only. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients with QFME had significantly narrower QFS and IFS compared with controls. IFS and QFS were found to normally increase in size with age. Optimal cutoff threshold values were identified for QFS and IFS in preteens and teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Goldberg-Stein
- Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210 Street, Bronx, NY, 10463, USA.
| | - Avi Friedman
- Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210 Street, Bronx, NY, 10463, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaeun Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Schulz
- Department of Orthopedics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eric Fornari
- Department of Orthopedics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Taragin
- Department of Radiology, Soroka Hospital, Ben-Gurion University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Guinchard AC, Ghazaleh N, Saenz M, Fornari E, Prior J, Maeder P, Adib S, Maire R. Study of tonotopic brain changes with functional MRI and FDG-PET in a patient with unilateral objective cochlear tinnitus. Hear Res 2016; 341:232-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Maffeis C, Tommasi M, Tomasselli F, Spinelli J, Fornari E, Scattolo N, Marigliano M, Morandi A. Fluid intake and hydration status in obese vs normal weight children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 70:560-5. [PMID: 26463726 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Little is known on the relationship between obesity and hydration levels in children. This study assessed whether and by which mechanisms hydration status differs between obese and non-obese children. SUBJECTS/METHODS Hydration levels of 86 obese and 89 normal weight children (age: 7-11 years) were compared. Hydration was measured as the average free water reserve (FWR=urine output/24 h minus the obligatory urine output [total 24 h excreted solutes/97th percentile of urine osmolality of children with adequate water intake, that is, 830 mOsm/kg]) over 2 days. Three days of weighed dietary and fluid intakes were recorded. Non-parametric tests were used to compare variables that were skewed and to assess which variables correlated with hydration. Variables mediating the different hydration levels of obese and normal weight children were assessed by co-variance analysis. RESULTS Obese children were less hydrated than normal weight peers [FWR=median (IQR): 0.80 (-0.80-2.80) hg/day vs 2.10 (0.10-4.45) hg/day, P<0.02; 32% of obese children vs 20% of non-obese peers had negative FWR, P<0.001]. Body mass index (BMI) z-score (z-BMI) and water intake from fluids correlated with FWR (ρ=-0.18 and 0.45, respectively, both P<0.05). Water intake from fluids completely explained the different hydration between obese and normal weight children [FWR adjusted for water from fluids and z-BMI=2.44 (0.44) hg vs 2.10 (0.50) hg, P=NS; B coefficient of co-variation between FWR (hg/day) and water intake from fluids (hg/day)=0.47, P<0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Obese children were less hydrated than normal weight ones because, taking into account their z-BMI, they drank less. Future prospective studies are needed to explore possible causal relationships between hydration and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maffeis
- Unit of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Tommasi
- Unit of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F Tomasselli
- Unit of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - J Spinelli
- Unit of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E Fornari
- Unit of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - N Scattolo
- Chemo-Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Frà Castoro Hospital, San Bonifacio, Verona, Italy
| | - M Marigliano
- Unit of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Morandi
- Unit of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Rubin T, Schwartz A, Fornari E, Schulz J. Novel Pathologic Finding of Digital Soft Tissue Chondroma in a Child: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2015; 23:589-92. [PMID: 26113665 DOI: 10.1177/1066896915592017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Unlike osteochondromata that develop in the hand, soft tissue chondromata (STC) devoid of bone and tendinous attachments are exceedingly rare. They have been described in adult patients of middle age, though have not been previously reported in the pediatric population. We report the case of a 9-year-old female that presented with a tender digital mass 6 months following a minor hand injury. After an extensive workup, the mass was surgically excised and diagnosed as an STC. Our case is the first to identify a digital STC in a pediatric patient and expands on the pathologic differential diagnosis. While the true incidence in the pediatric population is unknown, STC should be included in the differential diagnosis when any patient, adult or child, presents with a digital mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Rubin
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Schwartz
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eric Fornari
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Schulz
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Maffeis C, Pinelli L, Surano MG, Fornari E, Cordioli S, Gasperotti S, Vianello D, Corradi M, Zambon A. Pro-atherogenic postprandial profile: meal-induced changes of lipoprotein sub-fractions and inflammation markers in obese boys. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:959-965. [PMID: 21420840 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is a pro-atherogenic condition and postprandial lipoprotein profile and circulating cytokines changes may contribute to promote the process. The aim of this study is to investigate postprandial metabolic response, lipoprotein oxidation and circulating cytokine levels, after the ingestion of two different meals with different fat/carbohydrate ratio. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten prepubertal obese boys consumed two meals with the same energy and protein content but with a different carbohydrate to fat ratio: 1) moderate fat (MF): 61% carbohydrate, 27% fat; 2) high fat (HF): 37% carbohydrate, 52% fat. The AUC of glucose and insulin were significantly (p < 0.05) lower after the HF meal. HF meal was followed by a significant decrease in the cholesterol carried in the HDL fractions, while cholesterol in the small, dense LDL and in the VLDL particles increased, as compared to baseline (p < 0.05 for all). No differences were found in the cholesterol distribution after the MF meal. Moreover, HDL-C concentration was lower (p < 0.05) at 300 min after HF vs. MF meal. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) concentration increased after the HF meal but not after the MF meal [9.3(2.2) vs 1.8(2.2)% from baseline, P < 0.02)]. A positive association (r > 0.3, P < 0.05) was observed between the densest LDL particles and the ox-LDL plasma levels. A reduction of IL-6 was found at 120 min after the MF [-23.3(5.5) vs -8.4(3.8)% from baseline, P < 0.05)] compared with the HF meal. CONCLUSION A simple change of ≈25% of energy load from fat to carbohydrate in a meal significantly improves postprandial pro-atherogenic factors in obese boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maffeis
- Regional Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Sciences of Life and Reproduction, Section of Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Fornari E, Maeder P, Chtioui H, Thomas A, Appenzeller M, Favrat B, Buclin T, Staub C, Mangin P, Giroud C. Acute Effects of Cannabis Smoking on Skills Related to Driving: an fMRI Study. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Fornari E, Knyazeva M, Meuli R, Maeder P. Development of interhemispheric visual integration in children: Does myelination affect the function? A multimodal brain imaging study. Int J Psychophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and anatomic correlates of a previously unreported form of chronic supernumerary phantom limb, which developed only in association with motor intent directed at a hemiplegic-anesthetic upper limb. METHODS We explored the phenomenology of the phantom illusion in the light of motor control models. Hemodynamic correlates of supernumerary phantom limb were studied with an fMRI sensorimotor paradigm consisting of finger-thumb opposition movements. RESULTS The kinesthetic-proprioceptive illusion of a third arm was triggered by any attempt to move the paretic limb, by bimanual actions, and by motor imagery involving the nonfunctional limb. The responsible lesion destroyed the posterior part of the posterior limb of the internal capsule on the opposite side, damaging corticospinal and thalamocortical tracts. Comparison between fMRI signals performed during virtual movement of the phantom hand vs imaginary movement of the paretic hand showed increased activation in thalamus and caudate nucleus in the first condition. CONCLUSIONS A preserved sense of agency provided by intact premotor processes translating intention into action may lead to the vivid feeling of movement in a paralyzed limb, similar to kinesthetic illusions in amputees. The interruption of thalamic afferences may explain the persistence and stability of the phantom by preventing any correction of the mismatch between expected and effective movement. The increased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the basal ganglia-thalamus-cortex pathway during movement of the supernumerary hand may reflect an abnormal closed-loop functioning of the thalamocortical system underlying the phantom phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Staub
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU-Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Debatisse D, Fornari E, Pralong E, Maeder P, Foroglou H, Tetreault M, Villemure J. P19.8 Assessment of the vegetative comatose state with cognitive evoked potentials (CEPs) and fMRI: Implications for the consciousness model of Damasio and Guerit. Clin Neurophysiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hacena M, Moll B, Goodwin C, Fornari E, Rodriguez M, Frieri M. Assessment of IL-8, TNFα, TGFβ and nitric oxide release and expression from antigen and growth factor stimulated human pulmonary epithelial cells with budesonide. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(02)81175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
We report on the case of a 20-year-old man with bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria and epilepsy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to reversing checkerboard and interhemispheric electroencephalogram coherence changes to moving gratings were investigated. Results of both studies indicate that the polymicrogyric cortex was activated by visual stimuli, suggesting preserved function in the dysplastic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Innocenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Maeder PP, Meuli RA, Adriani M, Bellmann A, Fornari E, Thiran JP, Pittet A, Clarke S. Distinct pathways involved in sound recognition and localization: a human fMRI study. Neuroimage 2001; 14:802-16. [PMID: 11554799 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from psychophysical studies in normal and brain-damaged subjects suggests that auditory information relevant to recognition and localization are processed by distinct neuronal populations. We report here on anatomical segregation of these populations. Brain activation associated with performance in sound identification and localization was investigated in 18 normal subjects using fMRI. Three conditions were used: (i) comparison of spatial stimuli simulated with interaural time differences; (ii) identification of environmental sounds; and (iii) rest. Conditions (i) and (ii) required acknowledgment of predefined targets by pressing a button. After coregistering, images were normalized and smoothed. Activation patterns were analyzed using SPM99 for individual subjects and for the whole group. Sound recognition and localization activated, as compared to rest, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, Heschl gyrus, and parts of the temporal, parietal, and frontal convexity bilaterally. The activation pattern on the fronto-temporo-parietal convexity differed in the two conditions. Middle temporal gyrus and precuneus bilaterally and the posterior part of left inferior frontal gyrus were more activated by recognition than by localization. Lower part of inferior parietal lobule and posterior parts of middle and inferior frontal gyri were more activated, bilaterally, by localization than by recognition. Regions selectively activated by sound recognition, but not those selectively activated by localization, were significantly larger in women. Passive listening paradigm revealed segregated pathways on superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule. Thus, anatomically distinct networks are involved in sound recognition and sound localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Maeder
- Service de Radiodiagnostic et Radiologie Interventionnelle, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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