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Ruiz OA, Ancira-Moreno M, Omaña-Guzmán I, Cordero SH, Morales ACB, Navarro CP, Méndez SB, Flores EM, Trejo A, Kaufer-Horwitz M, Cajero A, Sánchez B, Bernat C, Salgado-Amador E, Hoyos-Loya E, Mazariegos M, Manrique CM, Cruz RP, Mendoza E, Brero M, Sachse M, Armijo FC. Low quality of maternal and child nutritional care at the primary care in Mexico: an urgent call to action for policymakers and stakeholders. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:35. [PMID: 38388936 PMCID: PMC10885649 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal and child malnutrition represents a public health problem in Mexico Primary care (PC) is responsible for introducing women and children under five to the health system, detecting diseases on time, and providing medical services, including pharmacological treatment if necessary. Providing these services with quality is essential to improve maternal and child health. This study evaluated the quality of nutritional care during preconception, pregnancy, postpartum, infancy, and preschool age at the PC health units across six Mexican states between 2020 and 2021. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with a mixed approach in units of the Secretary of Health to assess the quality of nutritional care during preconception, pregnancy, postpartum, childhood, and preschool age. The level of quality was calculated by the percentage of compliance with 16 indicators that integrated a Quality Index of Maternal and Child Nutritional Care (ICANMI, by its Spanish acronym). Compliance by indicator, by life stage, and overall was categorized using the following cut-off points: poor quality (≤ 70%), insufficient quality (71-89%), and good quality (≥ 90%). The perceptions of the barriers and facilitators that affect maternal and child nutrition were evaluated through semi-structured interviews with health professionals (HP) and users. All qualitative instruments were developed with a gender and intercultural perspective. RESULTS Considering the whole sample studied, maternal and child nutritional care quality during the five life stages evaluated was bad (compliance: ≤12%), reflected in the ICANMI, which had a compliance of 8.3%. Principal barriers identified to providing high-quality nutritional care were the lack of knowledge and training of health professionals, shortages of equipment, medicine, personnel, and materials, the disappearance of the social cash transfer program Prospera, the absence of local indigenous language translators to support communication between doctor and patient, and the persistence of machismo and other practices of control over women. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need for initiatives to improve the quality of nutritional care in PC facilities across Chihuahua, State of Mexico, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Yucatan. It is necessary for government and health authorities, along with various stakeholders, to collaboratively devise, implement, and assess intercultural and gender-oriented policies and programs geared towards ensuring the health infrastructure and enhancing the training of health professionals to diagnose and treat the prevalence and occurrence of diverse forms of malnutrition in both maternal and child populations.
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Grants
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
- RFP9156422 UNICEF, Mexico
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Acosta Ruiz
- Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Monica Ancira-Moreno
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Isabel Omaña-Guzmán
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Hernández Cordero
- Research Center for Equitable Development EQUIDE, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Soraya Burrola Méndez
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eric Monterrubio Flores
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Trejo
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Kaufer-Horwitz
- Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ariana Cajero
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Belén Sánchez
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Constanza Bernat
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elder Salgado-Amador
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Hoyos-Loya
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Mazariegos
- Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Cinthya Muñoz Manrique
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Royer Pacheco Cruz
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Nutrición, Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, México
| | - Elvia Mendoza
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauro Brero
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Mexico City, México
| | - Matthias Sachse
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Mexico City, México
| | - Fernanda Cobo Armijo
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Mexico City, México
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Ancira-Moreno M, Omaña-Guzmán I, Bautista-Morales AC, Acosta-Ruiz O, Hernández Cordero S, Burrola-Méndez S, Vilar-Compte M, Monterrubio Flores E, Kaufer-Horwitz M, Pérez Navarro C, Muñoz-Manrique C, Mazariegos M, Trejo-Domínguez A, Sánchez Muzquiz B, Cajero A, Brero M, Sachse M, Cobo Armijo F. Development and validation of a new set of indicators to assess the quality of maternal and child nutritional care at the primary care. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1011940. [PMID: 36569141 PMCID: PMC9769120 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1011940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maternal and child malnutrition is a worldwide public health problem with short, medium, and long-term adverse consequences for both mother and child. In Mexico, maternal and child malnutrition represents a serious public health problem that must be urgently addressed. In this context, Primary Health Care (PHC) plays an important role in the prevention, detection, monitoring, and treatment of the different forms of maternal and child malnutrition. Assessing the quality of nutritional care offered at this level of care is necessary in order to improve it; however, there are no indicators for the evaluation of this quality. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a set of indicators to assess the quality of maternal and child nutritional care at PHC. Methods We developed indicators for different stages of life: preconception, pregnancy, infancy, and preschool age. A systematic review of the literature on clinical guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the different forms of malnutrition was carried out; the recommendations of the guidelines evaluated with good quality were extracted. Results Based on these recommendations, 22 indicators were constructed. A pilot study was carried out to validate the indicators and 16 indicators were selected to assess the maternal and child nutritional care at PHC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omar Acosta-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Sonia Hernández Cordero
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo con Equidad (EQUIDE), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Mireya Vilar-Compte
- Department of Public Health, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States
| | - Eric Monterrubio Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha Kaufer-Horwitz
- Clínica de Obesidad y Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Cinthya Muñoz-Manrique
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Mazariegos
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | - Ariana Cajero
- Department of Health, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauro Brero
- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Matthias Sachse
- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Cobo Armijo
- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Mexico City, Mexico
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Jacques-Silva MC, Nogueira CW, Broch LC, Flores EM, Rocha JB. Diphenyl diselenide and ascorbic acid changes deposition of selenium and ascorbic acid in liver and brain of mice. Pharmacol Toxicol 2001; 88:119-25. [PMID: 11245406 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2001.d01-92.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) is the selenium form used in the composition of dietary supplements, and diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 is an important intermediate in organic synthesis, which increases the risk of human exposure to this chemical in the workplace. These compounds have been reported to inhibit the cerebral and hepatic aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in vitro, and now we show that ascorbic acid can reverse some alterations caused by in vivo selenium exposure, but not ALA-D inhibition. The effect of Na2SeO3 or (PhSe)2 and ascorbic acid on selenium distribution, total non-protein thiol, ascorbic acid content (liver and brain) and haemoglobin was also examined. Mice were exposed to 250 micromol/kg (PhSe)2, or 18.75 micromol/kg Na2SeO3 subcutaneously, and to ascorbic acid, twice a day, 1 mmol/kg intraperitonially, for 10 days. Hepatic ALA-D of mice treated with (PhSe)2 was inhibited about 58% and similar results were observed in the animals that received ascorbic acid supplementation (P<0.01, for (PhSe)2-treated and (PhSe)2+ascorbic acid-treated mice). The haemoglobin content decreased after treatment with (PhSe)2 (P<0.01). However, the haemoglobin content of the (PhSe)2+ascorbic acid group was significantly higher than in the (PhSe)2-treated mice (P<0.05), and similar to control (P>0.10). Ascorbic acid treatment decreased significantly the hepatic and cerebral deposition of Se in (PhSe)2-exposed mice (P<0.01). Hepatic non-protein thiol content was not changed by treatment with (PhSe)2, ascorbic acid or (PhSe)2+ascorbic acid. Hepatic content of ascorbic acid was twice that in mice that received (PhSe)2, independent of ascorbic acid treatment (P<0.001). The results of this study suggest that vitamin C may have a protective role in organodiselenide intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Jacques-Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Flores EM. [Various aspects of comparative leaf anatomy of 2 Bromeliaceae (Aechema mexicana Baker and Hechtia glomerata Zucc)]. REV BIOL TROP 1975; 23:29-52. [PMID: 1197816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf anatomy of two Bromeliaceae, Hechtia glomerata Zucc., a terrestrial xerophyte of arid zones, and Acehmea mexicana Baker, a tropical moist forest epiphyte, is compared; these species show adaptations to different extremes of adverse environmental conditions as to water uptake. The leaves of A. mexicana have more water storage tissue than those of H. glomerata; on the other hand, H. glomerata is capable of root absorption. In A. mexicana, modified nonfunctional stomata increase transpiration resistance. Also, this species shows more specialized foliar trichomes which permit the uptake of water and possibly of nutrients. The balance between transpiration and absorption rates is regulated in both species by the combined presence of peltate scales and stomata. The degree of adaptation to drought presented by epiphytic species is more complicated than that shown by terrestrial species. Epiphytic plants like A. mexicana may be derived from xerophytic species that have undergone readaptation to a humid climate. The conspicuous negative geotropism in the leaves of A. mexicana causes the formation of basal deposits of water, which play an important functional role in survival.
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