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Oh D, Henry J, Baranda J, Dumbrava E, Cohen E, Eskew J, Belani R, McCaigue J, Namini H, Martin C, Murphy A, Ostertag E, Coronella J, Shedlock D, Rodriguez Rivera I. 46P Development of an allogeneic CAR-T targeting MUC1-C (MUC1, cell surface associated, C-terminal) for epithelial derived tumors. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhang Y, Kozlowska A, Fritz J, Zhao Y, Torre CPL, Cranert S, Wang S, Codde R, Argus E, Ibitokou S, Richardson V, Jain S, Richter M, Patil D, Tan Y, Tong M, Yao L, Ghoddusi M, Ostertag E, Coronella J, Shedlock D. 123 P-MUC1C-ALLO1: A fully allogeneic stem cell memory T cell (TSCM) CAR-T therapy with broad potential in solid tumor. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWhile CAR-T have demonstrated potent activity against hematologic tumors, less success has been seen with solid tumors. Here we report generation of TSCM-enriched allogeneic MUC1-C-specific CAR T cells, P-MUC1C-ALLO1, with potential for a broad range of solid tumors. The proliferative capacity and metabolic profile of TSCM CAR-T are well-suited to activity in the solid tumor setting. MUC1 is comprised of an N-terminal subunit (MUC1-N) tethered to a C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C), forming a stable complex on the cell surface. During tumorigenesis, MUC1 becomes both overexpressed and hypo-glycosylated on many carcinomas. Furthermore, MUC1 undergoes proteolytic cleavage in the tumor microenvironment, leaving behind a proteolytic ‘stump’ of MUC1-C that is over-represented in cancer, making it an attractive therapeutic target.MethodsP-MUC1C-ALLO1 is manufactured using the piggyBac® DNA Delivery System for CAR insertion and the Cas-CLOVER™ Gene Editing System to knockout both the TCR and MHC class I proteins. The addition of a selectable marker within the transposon allows for selection of a fully CAR-positive population while any residual TCR-positive cells are removed at the end of production to prevent TCR-mediated GvHD. Lastly, inclusion of a proprietary ‘booster molecule’ in our allogeneic process further improves cell expansion, along with phenotype and function, and enables the production of up to hundreds of patient doses from a single manufacturing run.ResultsSignificant doses of P-MUC1C-ALLO1 products made from multiple healthy donors were achieved and comprised of an exceptionally high-percentage of desirable TSCM cells. Preclinical evaluation of these products showed potent tumor killing and cytokine secretion against MUC1-C-positive breast and ovarian tumor cell lines. P-MUC1C-ALLO1 demonstrates potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells, and minimal killing of normal MUC1-C-positive human primary cells. In a triple negative breast cancer xenograft model, MUC1C CAR-T eliminated established MDA-MB-468 tumor cells, mounted robust T cell expansion in peripheral blood and maintained a favorable TSCM percentage over time. Likewise, in an orthotopic ovarian cancer xenograft model, intraperitoneally administered MUC1C CAR-T eliminated established OVCAR3 cells to levels below the limit of detection. All together, these data demonstrated the efficacy of the MUC1C CAR-T cells and the robustness of the allogeneic platform.ConclusionsP-MUC1C-ALLO1 is an allogeneic TSCM CAR-T therapy that has a potential to treat multiple MUC1-expressing indications. P-MUC1C-ALLO1 displayed specificity for tumor vs. normal cells as well as in vivo efficacy against xenograft models of breast and ovarian cancer. This allogeneic cell therapy is advancing rapidly towards the clinic.
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Tseng H, Zhang Y, Cranert S, Richter M, Marquez K, Qiu J, Cho B, Tan Y, Tong M, Domingo C, Weiss L, Argus E, Sparks J, Ostertag E, Coronella J, Shedlock D. 147 Memory phenotype in allogeneic anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy (P-BCMA-ALLO1) correlates with in vivo tumor control. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe emergence of CAR-T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). Yet, autologous CAR-T cells suffer from many manufacturing challenges including mainly consistency, toxicity, and cost. To address these issues, we engineered a fully allogeneic anti-BCMA CAR-T cell candidate for MM from healthy donors (P-BCMA-ALLO1). Herein, we demonstrate that this therapy maintains a stem cell memory T cell (TSCM) phenotype through editing which correlates with in vivo antitumor efficacy.MethodsUsing Poseida’s non-viral piggyBac® (PB) DNA Delivery System in combination with the high-fidelity Cas-CLOVER™ (CC) Site-Specific Gene Editing System and a proprietary ‘booster molecule’, we generated P-BCMA-ALLO1 from healthy donor T cells. We used CC to eliminate surface expression of both the TCR and MHC class I to make fully allogeneic CAR-T cells. In addition to the CAR molecule, PB enables the delivery of a selectable marker allowing the generation of a final cell product that is >95% CAR-positive. The inclusion of the ‘booster molecule’ in the manufacturing process improves the expansion of gene-edited cells without compromising memory phenotype or function. This process can produce up to hundreds of patient doses from a single manufacturing run which significantly reduces manufacturing cost per dose. We characterized the memory phenotype of P-BCMA-ALLO1 by assessing the mRNA and protein expression profiles of rested and activated CAR-T cells by flow cytometry and Nanostring analysis. We also assessed the antitumor capabilities of these cells using cytotoxicity assays and performed serial in vitro restimulation to assess the ability of P-BCMA-ALLO1 to undergo multiple rounds of activation and expansion. We then evaluated the relationship of these characteristics with in vivo efficacy, as defined by control of tumor in an immunodeficient RPMI-8226 subcutaneous murine tumor model.ResultsP-BCMA-ALLO1 is comprised of a high frequency of TSCM. It has potent in vivo antitumor activity, which is comparable to non-edited autologous anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy. Expression of memory markers at both mRNA and protein levels across individual lots significantly correlates with in vivo tumor control. Conversely, suboptimal research products with worse in vivo outcomes expressed an exhausted gene expression profile. Moreover, CAR-T products that are more effective in vivo are also more viable, cytotoxic, and proliferative following multiple rounds of restimulation in vitro.ConclusionsP-BCMA-ALLO1 is a highly potent and safe allogeneic anti-BCMA CAR with a manufacturing process that consistently maintains a TSCM phenotype, which correlates with antitumor efficacy. P-BCMA-ALLO1 is advancing rapidly towards the clinic (NCT04960579).
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Noto FK, Sangodkar J, Adedeji BT, Moody S, McClain CB, Tong M, Ostertag E, Crawford J, Gao X, Hurst L, O’Connor CM, Hanson EN, Izadmehr S, Tohmé R, Narla J, LeSueur K, Bhattacharya K, Rupani A, Tayeh MK, Innis JW, Galsky MD, Evers BM, DiFeo A, Narla G, Jamling TY. The SRG rat, a Sprague-Dawley Rag2/Il2rg double-knockout validated for human tumor oncology studies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240169. [PMID: 33027304 PMCID: PMC7540894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have created the immunodeficient SRG rat, a Sprague-Dawley Rag2/Il2rg double knockout that lacks mature B cells, T cells, and circulating NK cells. This model has been tested and validated for use in oncology (SRG OncoRat®). The SRG rat demonstrates efficient tumor take rates and growth kinetics with different human cancer cell lines and PDXs. Although multiple immunodeficient rodent strains are available, some important human cancer cell lines exhibit poor tumor growth and high variability in those models. The VCaP prostate cancer model is one such cell line that engrafts unreliably and grows irregularly in existing models but displays over 90% engraftment rate in the SRG rat with uniform growth kinetics. Since rats can support much larger tumors than mice, the SRG rat is an attractive host for PDX establishment. Surgically resected NSCLC tissue from nine patients were implanted in SRG rats, seven of which engrafted and grew for an overall success rate of 78%. These developed into a large tumor volume, over 20,000 mm3 in the first passage, which would provide an ample source of tissue for characterization and/or subsequent passage into NSG mice for drug efficacy studies. Molecular characterization and histological analyses were performed for three PDX lines and showed high concordance between passages 1, 2 and 3 (P1, P2, P3), and the original patient sample. Our data suggest the SRG OncoRat is a valuable tool for establishing PDX banks and thus serves as an alternative to current PDX mouse models hindered by low engraftment rates, slow tumor growth kinetics, and multiple passages to develop adequate tissue banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallon K. Noto
- Hera BioLabs Inc., Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jaya Sangodkar
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Sam Moody
- Hera BioLabs Inc., Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | | | - Ming Tong
- Poseida Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Ostertag
- Poseida Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jack Crawford
- Hera BioLabs Inc., Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lauren Hurst
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Caitlin M. O’Connor
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Erika N. Hanson
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rita Tohmé
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jyothsna Narla
- Regional Medical Center, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Kristin LeSueur
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kajari Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Amit Rupani
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marwan K. Tayeh
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey W. Innis
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Goutham Narla
- Hera BioLabs Inc., Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Noto FK, Adjan-Steffey V, Tong M, Ravichandran K, Zhang W, Arey A, McClain CB, Ostertag E, Mazhar S, Sangodkar J, DiFeo A, Crawford J, Narla G, Jamling TY. Sprague Dawley Rag2-Null Rats Created from Engineered Spermatogonial Stem Cells Are Immunodeficient and Permissive to Human Xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2481-2489. [PMID: 30206106 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rat is the preferred model for toxicology studies, and it offers distinctive advantages over the mouse as a preclinical research model including larger sample size collection, lower rates of drug clearance, and relative ease of surgical manipulation. An immunodeficient rat would allow for larger tumor size development, prolonged dosing and drug efficacy studies, and preliminary toxicologic testing and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in the same model animal. Here, we created an immunodeficient rat with a functional deletion of the Recombination Activating Gene 2 (Rag2) gene, using genetically modified spermatogonial stem cells (SSC). We targeted the Rag2 gene in rat SSCs with TALENs and transplanted these Rag2-deficient SSCs into sterile recipients. Offspring were genotyped, and a founder with a 27 bp deletion mutation was identified and bred to homozygosity to produce the Sprague-Dawley Rag2 - Rag2 tm1Hera (SDR) knockout rat. We demonstrated that SDR rat lacks mature B and T cells. Furthermore, the SDR rat model was permissive to growth of human glioblastoma cell line subcutaneously resulting in successful growth of tumors. In addition, a human KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer cell line (H358), a patient-derived high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell line (OV81), and a patient-derived recurrent endometrial cancer cell line (OV185) were transplanted subcutaneously to test the ability of the SDR rat to accommodate human xenografts from multiple tissue types. All human cancer cell lines showed efficient tumor uptake and growth kinetics indicating that the SDR rat is a viable host for a range of xenograft studies. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2481-9. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Tong
- Poseida Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Hera BioLabs Inc., Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | | | - Eric Ostertag
- Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sahar Mazhar
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Jack Crawford
- Hera BioLabs Inc., Lexington, Kentucky.,Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Goutham Narla
- Hera BioLabs Inc., Lexington, Kentucky.,The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tseten Y Jamling
- Hera BioLabs Inc., Lexington, Kentucky. .,Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Lexington, Kentucky
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Klipec WD, Burrow KR, O'Neill C, Cao JL, Lawyer CR, Ostertag E, Fowler M, Bachtell RK, Illig KR, Cooper DC. Loss of the trpc4 gene is associated with a reduction in cocaine self-administration and reduced spontaneous ventral tegmental area dopamine neuronal activity, without deficits in learning for natural rewards. Behav Brain Res 2016; 306:117-27. [PMID: 26988269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels, the TRPC4 non-selective cation channel is one of the most abundantly expressed subtypes within mammalian corticolimbic brain regions, but its functional and behavioral role is unknown. To identify a function for TRPC4 channels we compared the performance of rats with a genetic knockout of the trpc4 gene (trpc4 KO) to wild-type (WT) controls on the acquisition of simple and complex learning for natural rewards, and on cocaine self-administration (SA). Despite the abundant distribution of TRPC4 channels through the corticolimbic brain regions, we found trpc4 KO rats exhibited normal learning in Y-maze and complex reversal shift paradigms. However, a deficit was observed in cocaine SA in the trpc4 KO group, which infused significantly less cocaine than WT controls despite displaying normal sucrose SA. Given the important role of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons in cocaine SA, we hypothesized that TRPC4 channels may regulate basal dopamine neuron excitability. Double-immunolabeling showed a selective expression of TRPC4 channels in a subpopulation of putative dopamine neurons in the VTA. Ex vivo recordings of spontaneous VTA dopamine neuronal activity from acute brain slices revealed fewer cells with high-frequency firing rates in trpc4 KO rats compared to WT controls. Since deletion of the trpc4 gene does not impair learning involving natural rewards, but reduces cocaine SA, these data demonstrate a potentially novel role for TRPC4 channels in dopamine systems and may offer a new pharmacological target for more effective treatment of a variety of dopamine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Klipec
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA.
| | - Kristin R Burrow
- Center for Neuroscience, Institute for Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Casey O'Neill
- Center for Neuroscience, Institute for Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chloe R Lawyer
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Eric Ostertag
- Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals Inc., 535 West Second Street, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Melissa Fowler
- Senomyx, Inc., 4767 Nexus Centre Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ryan K Bachtell
- Center for Neuroscience, Institute for Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kurt R Illig
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Donald C Cooper
- Center for Neuroscience, Institute for Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Hegan PS, Ostertag E, Geurts AM, Mooseker MS. Myosin Id is required for planar cell polarity in ciliated tracheal and ependymal epithelial cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:503-16. [PMID: 26446290 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In wild type (WT) tracheal epithelial cells, ciliary basal bodies are oriented such that all cilia on the cell surface beat in the same upward direction. This precise alignment of basal bodies and, as a result, the ciliary axoneme, is termed rotational planar cell polarity (PCP). Rotational PCP in the multi-ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea is perturbed in rats lacking myosin Id (Myo1d). Myo1d is localized in the F-actin and basal body rich subapical cortex of the ciliated tracheal epithelial cell. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of Myo1d knock out (KO) trachea revealed that the unidirectional bending pattern is disrupted. Instead, cilia splay out in a disordered, often radial pattern. Measurement of the alignment axis of the central pair axonemal microtubules was much more variable in the KO, another indicator that rotational PCP is perturbed. The asymmetric localization of the PCP core protein Vangl1 is lost. Both the velocity and linearity of cilia-driven movement of beads above the tracheal mucosal surface was impaired in the Myo1d KO. Multi-ciliated brain ependymal epithelial cells exhibit a second form of PCP termed translational PCP in which basal bodies and attached cilia are clustered at the anterior side of the cell. The precise asymmetric clustering of cilia is disrupted in the ependymal cells of the Myo1d KO rat. While basal body clustering is maintained, left-right positioning of the clusters is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Hegan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eric Ostertag
- Transposagen Biopharmaceudicals, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mark S Mooseker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Schaefer TL, Braun AA, Amos-Kroohs RM, Williams MT, Ostertag E, Vorhees CV. A new model of Pde4d deficiency: genetic knock-down of PDE4D enzyme in rats produces an antidepressant phenotype without spatial cognitive effects. Genes Brain Behav 2012; 11:614-22. [PMID: 22487514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of intracellular second messenger cyclic nucleotide hydrolyzing enzymes composed of 12 families. The Pde4 family has been implicated in depression and cognition, and PDE4 inhibitors have been evaluated as antidepressants and possible cognitive enhancers. Pde4d(-/-) mice show an antidepressant phenotype and learning enhancement on some tests, but not others as do mice treated with PDE4 inhibitors. Here, we report for the first time the behavioral phenotype of a new Pde4d knock-down (KD) rat model of PDE4D deficiency. Consistent with other data on PDE4D deficiency, Pde4d KD rats showed depression resistance in the Porsolt forced swim test and hyperreactivity of the acoustic startle response with no differential response on prepulse inhibition, suggesting no sensorimotor gating defect. Pde4d KD rats also exhibited a small exploratory activity reduction but no difference following habituation, and no enhanced spatial learning or reference memory in the Morris water maze. A selective improvement in route-based learning in the Cincinnati water maze was seen as well as enhanced contextual and cued fear conditioning and a more rapid rate of cued extinction from their higher freezing level that declined to wild-type (WT) levels only after ∼20 extinction trials. The rat model confirms Pde4d's role in depression but not in spatial learning or memory enhancement and shows for the first time higher fear conditioning and altered extinction compared with controls. The new model provides a tool by which to better understand the role of PDE4D in neuropsychiatric disorders and for the development of alternate treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Schaefer
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45229-3039, USA
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Cooper D, Klipec W, Deeney B, Williamson C, Wenzel K, Nguyen P, Ostertag E. Deletion of the rat trpc4 gene and its influence on motivated responding for natural reward. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/npre.2012.7109.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTRPC4 ion channels are expressed extensively in corticolimbic brain regions and a subpopulation of midbrain dopamine neurons. TRPC4 knockout (KO) rats show reduced sociability and social exploration, but show no differences in simple and complex strategic learning compared to normal wild type (WT) rats. Using water reward, we found no differences between TRPC4-KO and WT rats in the break point on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Although deletion of the trpc4 gene alters social interaction/anxiety it does not appear to affect motivation for natural rewards. Current experiments are underway testing the role of trpc4 gene deletion on cocaine reward (see www.neuro-cloud.net/nature-precedings/klipec3 for updates and collaborations).
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Castorino JJ, Gallagher-Colombo SM, Levin AV, Fitzgerald PG, Polishook J, Kloeckener-Gruissem B, Ostertag E, Philp NJ. Juvenile cataract-associated mutation of solute carrier SLC16A12 impairs trafficking of the protein to the plasma membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:6774-84. [PMID: 21778275 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE SLC16A12 encodes an orphan member of the monocarboxylate transporter family, MCT12. A nonsense mutation in SLC16A12 (c.643C>T; p.Q215X) causes juvenile cataract with a dominant inheritance pattern. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo experimental models were used to gain insight into how the SLC16A12 (c.643C>T) mutation leads to cataract formation. METHODS MCT12 peptide antibodies were generated and used to examine the expression of MCT12 in the lens using immuno-confocal microscopy. To determine whether loss of Slc16a12 resulted in cataract formation, a Slc16a12 hypomorphic rat generated by transposon insertional mutagenesis was characterized using RT-PCR, slit lamp microscopy and histologic methods. Exogenous expression of MCT12 and MCT12:214Δ, a mimic of the mutant allele, were used to assess protein expression and trafficking. RESULTS MCT12 protein was detected in the lens epithelium and secondary fiber cells at postnatal day 1. In the Slc16a12(TKO) rat, complete loss of MCT12 did not result in any detectable ocular phenotype. Exogenous expression of MCT12-GFP and MCT12:214Δ-GFP revealed that the full-length protein was trafficked to the plasma membrane (PM), whereas the truncated protein was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). When both MCT12 and MCT12:214Δ were coexpressed, to mimic the heterozygous patient genotype, the truncated protein was retained in the ER whereas full-length MCT12 was trafficked to the PM. Furthermore, MCT12 was identified as another MCT isoform that requires CD147 for trafficking to the cell surface. CONCLUSIONS These data support a model whereby the SLC16A12 (c.643C>T) mutation causes juvenile cataract by a defect in protein trafficking rather than by haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Castorino
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Xu D, Guo H, Xu X, Lu Z, Fassett J, Hu X, Xu Y, Tang Q, Hu D, Somani A, Geurts AM, Ostertag E, Bache RJ, Weir EK, Chen Y. Exacerbated pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in animals with loss of function of extracellular superoxide dismutase. Hypertension 2011; 58:303-9. [PMID: 21730301 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.166819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that increased oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis and the development of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is essential for removing extracellular superoxide anions, and it is highly expressed in lung tissue. However, it is not clear whether endogenous SOD3 can influence the development of PAH. Here we examined the effect of SOD3 knockout on hypoxia-induced PAH in mice and a loss-of-function SOD3 gene mutation (SOD3(E124D)) on monocrotaline (40 mg/kg)-induced PAH in rats. SOD3 knockout significantly exacerbated 2 weeks of hypoxia-induced right ventricular (RV) pressure and RV hypertrophy, whereas RV pressure in SOD3 knockout mice under normoxic conditions is similar to wild-type controls. In untreated control rats at age of 8 weeks, there was no significant difference between wild-type and SOD3(E124D) rats in RV pressure and the ratio of RV weight:left ventricular weight (0.25±0.02 in wild-type rats versus 0.25±0.01 in SOD3(E124D) rats). However, monocrotaline caused significantly greater increases of RV pressure in SOD3(E124D) rats (48.6±1.8 mm Hg in wild-type versus 57.5±3.1 mm Hg in SOD3(E124D) rats), of the ratio of RV weight:left ventricular weight (0.41±0.01 versus 0.50±0.09; P<0.05), and of the percentage of fully muscularized small arterioles in SOD3(E124D) rats (55.2±2.3% versus 69.9±2.6%; P<0.05). Together, these findings indicate that the endogenous SOD3 has no role in the development of PAH under control conditions but plays an important role in protecting the lung from the development of PAH under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachun Xu
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 508, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Kazazian HH, Babushok D, Courtney C, Kano H, Ostertag E, Seleme MDC, Yang N. Biology of mammalian mobile DNA. Retrovirology 2006. [PMCID: PMC1716967 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-3-s1-s56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haig H Kazazian
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daria Babushok
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christine Courtney
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hiroki Kano
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Ostertag
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria del Carmen Seleme
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nuo Yang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Brouha B, Meischl C, Ostertag E, de Boer M, Zhang Y, Neijens H, Roos D, Kazazian HH. Evidence consistent with human L1 retrotransposition in maternal meiosis I. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71:327-36. [PMID: 12094329 PMCID: PMC379165 DOI: 10.1086/341722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2002] [Accepted: 05/10/2002] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a unique polymorphic 3' transduction to show that a human L1, or LINE-1 (long interspersed nucleotide element-1), retrotransposition event most likely occurred in the maternal primary oocyte during meiosis I. We characterized a truncated L1 retrotransposon with a 3' transduction that was inserted, in a Dutch male patient, into the X-linked gene CYBB, thereby causing chronic granulomatous disease. We used the unique flanking sequence to localize the precursor L1 locus, LRE3, to chromosome 2q24.1. In a cell culture assay, the retrotransposition frequency of LRE3 is greater than that for any other element that has been tested to date. The patient's mother had two LRE3 alleles that differed slightly in the 3'-flanking genomic DNA. The patient had a single LRE3 allele that was identical to one of the maternal alleles; however, the patient's insertion matched the maternal LRE3 allele that he did not inherit. Other data indicate that there is only a small chance that the father (unavailable for analysis) carries the precursor LRE3 allele. In addition, paternal origin of the insertion would have required that an LRE3 mRNA transcribed before meiosis II be carried separately from its precursor LRE3 allele in the fertilizing sperm. Since the mother carries a potential precursor allele and the insertion was on the patient's maternal X chromosome, it is highly likely that the insertion originated during maternal meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook Brouha
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 475 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Ostertag E. Microprocessor-based spectroscopic picture processing system. Rev Sci Instrum 1979; 50:1344. [PMID: 18699388 DOI: 10.1063/1.1135723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A 16-bit microcomputer has been coupled to an optical multichannel analyser (OMA). This paper describes the hardware interface which has been developed so as to permit the transfer of spectra in both directions, from the OMA into the RAM extension memory of the microprocessing system, and back from there into either one memory of the OMA. A few elementary circuit modifications of the OMA itself are required to allow that back transfer, and are also described. A brief outline of the software is given. The adjunction of the microcomputer to the OMA makes it possible to operate this instrument in a new mode: real time with optical integration and nevertheless without any baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ostertag
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie et d'Optique du Corps Solide, Universite Louis Pasteur, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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