1
|
Schreiter JS, Beescho C, Kang J, Kursawe L, Moter A, Kikhney J, Langer S, Osla F, Wellner E, Kurow O. New model in diabetic mice to evaluate the effects of insulin therapy on biofilm development in wounds. GMS Interdiscip Plast Reconstr Surg DGPW 2020; 9:Doc06. [PMID: 33520591 PMCID: PMC7818390 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Diabetic patients suffer more frequently from biofilm-associated infections than normoglycemic patients. Well described in the literature is a relationship between elevated blood glucose levels in patients and the occurrence of biofilm-associated wound infections. Nevertheless, the underlying pathophysiological pathways leading to this increased infection vulnerability and its effects on biofilm development still need to be elucidated. We developed in our laboratory a model to allow the investigation of a biofilm-associated wound infection in diabetic mice under controlled insulin treatment. Methods: A dorsal skinfold chamber was used on 16 weeks old BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/J mice and a wound within the observation field of the dorsal skinfold chamber was created. These wounds were infected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49230 (106 cells/mL). Simultaneously, we implanted implants for sustained insulin release into the ventral subcutaneous tissue (N=5 mice). Mice of the control group (N=5) were treated with sham implants. Serum glucose levels were registered before intervention and daily after the operation. Densitometrical analysis of the wound size was performed at day 0, 3, and 6 after intervention. Mice were sacrificed on day 6 and wound tissue was submitted to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and colony forming unit (CFU) analysis in addition to immunohistochemical staining to observe wound healing. Experiments were carried out in accordance with the National Institute of Health Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (protocol number 05/19). Results: The insulin implants were able to reduce blood glucose levels in the mice. Hence, the diabetic mice in the intervention group were normoglycemic after the implantation. The combination with the dorsal skinfold chamber allowed for continuous, in vivo measurements of the infection development. Implantation of the insulin implant and the dorsal skinfold chamber was a tolerable condition for the diabetic mice. We succeeded to realize reproducible biofilm infections in the animals. Discussion: We developed a novel model to assess interactions between blood glucose level and S. aureus-induced biofilm-associated wound infections. The combination of the dorsal skinfold chamber model with a sustained insulin treatment has not been described so far. It allows a broad field of glucose and insulin dependent studies of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Beescho
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Laura Kursawe
- MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Biofilmzentrum, Department for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Biofilmzentrum, Department for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Kikhney
- MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Biofilmzentrum, Department for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Langer
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Olga Kurow
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Davidsson Ö, Nilsson K, Brånalt J, Andersson T, Berggren K, Chen Y, Fjellström O, Gradén H, Gustafsson L, Hermansson NO, Jansen F, Johannesson P, Ohlsson B, Tyrchan C, Wellner A, Wellner E, Ölwegård-Halvarsson M. Identification of novel GPR81 agonist lead series for target biology evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126953. [PMID: 31932225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GPR81 is a novel drug target that is implicated in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism. The lack of potent GPR81 modulators suitable for in vivo studies has limited the pharmacological characterization of this lactate sensing receptor. We performed a high throughput screen (HTS) and identified a GPR81 agonist chemical series containing a central acyl urea scaffold linker. During SAR exploration two additional new series were evolved, one containing cyclic acyl urea bioisosteres and another a central amide bond. These three series provide different selectivity and physicochemical properties suitable for in-vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Öjvind Davidsson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Nilsson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Brånalt
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Terese Andersson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Early Product Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Berggren
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yantao Chen
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Fjellström
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gradén
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Gustafsson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Frank Jansen
- Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Johannesson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Global Patient Safety CVRM, Chief Medical Office, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Ohlsson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Tyrchan
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Wellner
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Wellner
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Ölwegård-Halvarsson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Serena TE, Chadwick P, Davies P, Johansson C, Karlsson C, Edenro G, Sköld E, Wellner E, Greener M, Lázaro-Martínez JL, Montero EC, Sánchez JJS. Multifunctional and patient-focused Mepilex Border Flex: an exploration of its holistic clinical benefits. J Wound Care 2019; 28:S1-S31. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2019.28.sup6b.s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Serena
- Founder CEO of SerenaGroup Wound and Hyperbaric Centers President, Association for the Advancement of Wound Care Director, SerenaGroup Research Foundation
| | - Paul Chadwick
- Visiting Professor, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Phil Davies
- Global Senior Medical Affairs Manager, Medical, Clinical and Market Access, Mölnlycke Health Care
| | | | - Christin Karlsson
- Biology Laboratory Engineer, Research and Development, Mölnlycke Health Care
| | - Goran Edenro
- Senior Scientist, Research and Development, Mölnlycke Health Care
| | - Ewa Sköld
- Biology Laboratory Engineer, Research and Development, Mölnlycke Health Care
| | - Eric Wellner
- Senior Manager, Research and Development, Mölnlycke Health Care
| | - Mark Greener
- Freelance Medical Writer, Cottenham, Cambridgeshire
| | | | - Elena Conde Montero
- Specialist in Dermatology. Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Suárez Sánchez
- Primary Care Team Nurse and Professor at University of La Laguna, Las Palmas College of Nursing, Ingenio, Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geyer M, Baus JA, Fjellström O, Wellner E, Gustafsson L, Tacke R. Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of Silicon-Containing GPR81 and GPR109A Agonists. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:2063-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Geyer
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Johannes A. Baus
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ola Fjellström
- AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal; CVMD Innovative Medicines; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Eric Wellner
- AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal; CVMD Innovative Medicines; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Linda Gustafsson
- AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal; CVMD Innovative Medicines; Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Geyer M, Karlsson O, Baus JA, Wellner E, Tacke R. Si- and C-Functional Organosilicon Building Blocks for Synthesis Based on 4-Silacyclohexan-1-ones Containing the Silicon Protecting Groups MOP (4-Methoxyphenyl), DMOP (2,6-Dimethoxyphenyl), or TMOP (2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl). J Org Chem 2015; 80:5804-11. [PMID: 25928726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Silacyclohexan-1-ones 1a-1c, 4-silacyclohexan-1-one oximes 2a-2c, 1,4-azasilepan-7-ones 3a-3c, 1,4-azasilepanes 4a-4c, and 2-bromo-4-silacyclohexan-1-ones 5a and 5b were prepared in multistep syntheses, starting from trimethoxypropylsilane. All of these compounds represent C-functional (R2C═O, R2C═N-OH, R-NH(C═O)-R, R2NH, or R3C-Br) silicon-containing heterocycles that contain Si-MOP, Si-DMOP, or Si-TMOP moieties (MOP = 4-methoxyphenyl; DMOP = 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl; TMOP = 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl), which can be cleaved under mild conditions by protodesilylation. As a proof of principle, compounds 3a-3c were transformed quantitatively and selectively into the chlorosilane 6 (treatment with hydrogen chloride in dichloromethane). Thus, the C- and Si-functional compounds 1a-1c, 2a-2c, 3a-3c, 4a-4c, 5a, and 5b represent versatile building blocks for synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Geyer
- †Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes A Baus
- †Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Reinhold Tacke
- †Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lawson CP, Dierckx A, Miannay FA, Wellner E, Wilhelmsson LM, Grøtli M. Synthesis and photophysical characterisation of new fluorescent triazole adenine analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:5158-67. [PMID: 24912077 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00904e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nucleic acid base analogues are powerful probes of DNA structure. Here we describe the synthesis and photo-physical characterisation of a series of 2-(4-amino-5-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl) and 2-(4-amino-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl) analogues via Sonogashira cross-coupling and [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions as the key steps in the synthesis. Compounds with a nitrogen atom in position 8 showed an approximately ten-fold increase in quantum yield and decreased Stokes shift compared to analogues with a carbon atom in position 8. Furthermore, the analogues containing nitrogen in the 8-position showed a more red-shifted and structured absorption as opposed to those which have a carbon incorporated in the same position. Compared to the previously characterised C8-triazole modified adenine, the emissive potential was significantly lower (tenfold or more) for this new family of triazoles-adenine compounds. However, three of the compounds have photophysical properties which will make them interesting to monitor inside DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Lawson
- Department of Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Georgsson J, Bergström F, Nordqvist A, Watson MJ, Blundell CD, Johansson MJ, Petersson AU, Yuan ZQ, Zhou Y, Kristensson L, Kakol-Palm D, Tyrchan C, Wellner E, Bauer U, Brodin P, Svensson Henriksson A. Correction to GPR103 Antagonists Demonstrating Anorexigenic Activity in Vivo: Design and Development of Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines That Mimic the C-Terminal Arg-Phe Motif of QRFP26. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4086. [PMID: 25875054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Geyer M, Wellner E, Jurva U, Saloman S, Armstrong D, Tacke R. Can Silicon Make an Excellent Drug Even Better? An in vitro and in vivo Head-to-Head Comparison between Loperamide and Its Silicon Analogue Sila-Loperamide. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:911-24. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
9
|
Dumat B, Bood M, Wranne MS, Lawson CP, Larsen AF, Preus S, Streling J, Gradén H, Wellner E, Grøtli M, Wilhelmsson LM. Second-generation fluorescent quadracyclic adenine analogues: environment-responsive probes with enhanced brightness. Chemistry 2015; 21:4039-48. [PMID: 25641628 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent base analogues comprise a group of increasingly important molecules for the investigation of nucleic acid structure, dynamics, and interactions with other molecules. Herein, we report on the quantum chemical calculation aided design, synthesis, and characterization of four new putative quadracyclic adenine analogues. The compounds were efficiently synthesized from a common intermediate through a two-step pathway with the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling as the key step. Two of the compounds, qAN1 and qAN4, display brightnesses (εΦF) of 1700 and 2300, respectively, in water and behave as wavelength-ratiometric pH probes under acidic conditions. The other two, qAN2 and qAN3, display lower brightnesses but exhibit polarity-sensitive dual-band emissions that could prove useful to investigate DNA structural changes induced by DNA-protein or -drug interactions. The four qANs are very promising microenvironment-sensitive fluorescent adenine analogues that display considerable brightness for such compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Dumat
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Engineering/, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Georgsson J, Bergström F, Nordqvist A, Watson MJ, Blundell CD, Johansson MJ, Petersson AU, Yuan ZQ, Zhou Y, Kristensson L, Kakol-Palm D, Tyrchan C, Wellner E, Bauer U, Brodin P, Svensson Henriksson A. GPR103 Antagonists Demonstrating Anorexigenic Activity in Vivo: Design and Development of Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines That Mimic the C-Terminal Arg-Phe Motif of QRFP26. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5935-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401951t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin J. Watson
- C4X Discovery Ltd., Unit 310 Ducie House, Ducie Street, Manchester M1 2JW, U.K
| | - Charles D. Blundell
- C4X Discovery Ltd., Unit 310 Ducie House, Ducie Street, Manchester M1 2JW, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Yiqun Zhou
- Pharmaron Beijing, Co.
Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Oxadiazoles are five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom, and they exist in different regioisomeric forms. Oxadiazoles are frequently occurring motifs in druglike molecules, and they are often used with the intention of being bioisosteric replacements for ester and amide functionalities. The current study presents a systematic comparison of 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazole matched pairs in the AstraZeneca compound collection. In virtually all cases, the 1,3,4-oxadiazole isomer shows an order of magnitude lower lipophilicity (log D), as compared to its isomeric partner. Significant differences are also observed with respect to metabolic stability, hERG inhibition, and aqueous solubility, favoring the 1,3,4-oxadiazole isomers. The difference in profile between the 1,2,4 and 1,3,4 regioisomers can be rationalized by their intrinsically different charge distributions (e.g., dipole moments). To facilitate the use of these heteroaromatic rings, novel synthetic routes for ready access of a broad spectrum of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, under mild conditions, are described.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bengtsson C, Blaho S, Saitton DB, Brickmann K, Broddefalk J, Davidsson O, Drmota T, Folmer R, Hallberg K, Hallén S, Hovland R, Isin E, Johannesson P, Kull B, Larsson LO, Löfgren L, Nilsson KE, Noeske T, Oakes N, Plowright AT, Schnecke V, Ståhlberg P, Sörme P, Wan H, Wellner E, Oster L. Design of small molecule inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and 2 showing reduction of hepatic malonyl-CoA levels in vivo in obese Zucker rats. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3039-53. [PMID: 21515056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylases has the potential for modulating long chain fatty acid biosynthesis and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Hybridization of weak inhibitors of ACC2 provided a novel, moderately potent but lipophilic series. Optimization led to compounds 33 and 37, which exhibit potent inhibition of human ACC2, 10-fold selectivity over inhibition of human ACC1, good physical and in vitro ADME properties and good bioavailability. X-ray crystallography has shown this series binding in the CT-domain of ACC2 and revealed two key hydrogen bonding interactions. Both 33 and 37 lower levels of hepatic malonyl-CoA in vivo in obese Zucker rats.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tacke R, Popp F, Müller B, Theis B, Burschka C, Hamacher A, Kassack M, Schepmann D, Wünsch B, Jurva U, Wellner E. Sila-Haloperidol, a Silicon Analogue of the Dopamine (D2) Receptor Antagonist Haloperidol: Synthesis, Pharmacological Properties, and Metabolic Fate. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:152-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
A fast and simple approach to novel cyclic isothioureas and related guanidine derivatives is presented in this study. The construction of the central basic scaffolds is achieved solely by the application of microwave-assisted chemistry, without any need of activating agents or protecting group manipulations. The product formation of various substituted guanidines from the corresponding isothiouronium salts was controlled by the nucleophilicity of the counterion and influenced by the reaction temperature. Further, a new fast-track access to tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylamines was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Sandin
- Department of Drug Discovery, Active Biotech AB, Box 724, 22007 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sandin H, Wellner E, Swanstein ML. Methods for the Construction of New Highly Functionalised Guanidines. Synlett 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-829561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Wellner E, Rojanski D, Ottolenghi M, Huppert D, Avnir D. Catalytic structure sensitivity: the effect of pore size on the oxygen quenching of excited aromatic molecules adsorbed on silica surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00236a041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
A C-linked isostere of beta-D-galactosylated hydroxynorvaline has been prepared in eight steps from per-O-benzylated galactopyranolactone. Addition of a homoallylic Grignard reagent to the lactone, reduction of the resulting hemiacetal with triethylsilane, and a Wittig reaction with Garner's aldehyde were key steps in this synthesis. The C-linked building block was then incorporated at position 264 into the fragment CII(256--270) from typeII collagen by solid-phase synthesis using a combination of the tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protective group strategies. Deprotection of the benzylated C-linked galactosyl moiety was achieved simultaneously with cleavage of the glycopeptide from the solid phase by using triethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate in TFA. Helper T-cell hybridomas obtained in a mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis responded to the C-linked glycopeptide when presented by classII MHC molecules. However, 10- to 20-fold higher concentrations were required as compared to when O-linked beta-D-galactosylated hydroxynorvaline or hydroxylysine (Hyl) were present at position 264 of CII(256--270). Thus, replacement of a single oxygen atom by a methylene group in the carbohydrate moiety of a glycopeptide antigen had a substantial influence on the T-cell response. This reveals that T cells are able to recognize the carbohydrate moiety of glycopeptide antigens with high specificity. Finally, the results suggest that structural modifications of beta-D-Gal-Hyl(264) in CII(256--270) may give altered peptide ligands that can be used for induction of tolerance in autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wellner
- Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Holm B, Broddefalk J, Flodell S, Wellner E, Kihlberg J. An Improved Synthesis of a Galactosylated Hydroxylysine Building Block and its use in Solid-Phase Glycopeptide Synthesis. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Suarez-Quian CA, Goldstein SR, Pohida T, Smith PD, Peterson JI, Wellner E, Ghany M, Bonner RF. Laser capture microdissection of single cells from complex tissues. Biotechniques 1999; 26:328-35. [PMID: 10023545 DOI: 10.2144/99262rr03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a new method used to select and procure cell clusters from tissue sections. Once captured, the DNA, RNA or protein can be easily extracted from the isolated cells and analyzed by conventional PCR, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, including protein zymography for specific macromolecular changes. In LCM, a thermoplastic polymer coating [ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)] attached to a rigid support is placed in contact with a tissue section. The EVA polymer over microscopically selected cell clusters is precisely activated by a near-infrared laser pulse and then bonds to the targeted area. Removal of the EVA and its support from the tissue section procures the selected cell aggregates for molecular analysis. This initial NIH LCM approach using a flat transfer EVA film has been recently commercialized and has proven to be an effective routine microdissection technique for subsequent macromolecular analysis in many laboratories around the world. However, reliable and precise capture of individual cells from tissue sections has been difficult to perform with the current LCM instruments. In this report, we describe the capture of individual cells with a new NIH LCM microscope, which epi-irradiates the EVA polymer overlying individual cells with 1-ms laser pulses focused to 6 microns. A computer-controlled arm precisely positions a 40-micron-wide strip of a cylindrical EVA surface onto a sample with a light contact force (ca. 0.1 g). The small contact force and contact area on the film on the sample diminishes nonspecific transfer to negligible levels. By slightly rotating the cylinder to provide a renewable transfer surface, concentration of a distinct cell type on a single cylinder is possible. Using this novel adaptation, we demonstrate the rapid and practical capture of single cells from different types of tissue sections, including immunostained cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Suarez-Quian
- National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- N. Garti
- ; The Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Technology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; 91904 Jerusalem Israel
| | - E. Wellner
- ; The Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Technology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; 91904 Jerusalem Israel
| | - S. Sarig
- ; The Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Technology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; 91904 Jerusalem Israel
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
|